scholarly journals Behavior of First Instar Nymphs ofEdessa meditabunda(F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on the Egg Mass

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulianne S. Calizotti ◽  
Antônio R. Panizzi
Keyword(s):  
Egg Mass ◽  
First Instar

THE BIOLOGY OF NEODIPRION NIGROSCUTUM (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE) IN WISCONSIN

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Becker ◽  
D. M. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Body Color ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Black Head ◽  
Pine Stands

AbstractThe specific status of Neodiprion nigroscutum Middleton is firmly established by new data. The adult female is mostly black and brown. The second annulus of the lancet is generally weakly developed ventrally. The larvae have black head capsules in the first instar, but this coloration usually changes to reddish brown in the later instars. The third, fourth, and fifth feeding-instar larvae have unbroken subdorsal and supraspiracular lines, and broken postepipleural lines, but lack an epiproctal spot. The nonfeeding-instar larvae often have a pink body color. The egg mass of most females is green. Jack pine is the preferred host. The fecundity is approximately 100 eggs, but they are typically distributed over many branches, usually in one needle on each branch. Larval colonies composed of first- through fourth-instar larvae usually contain 3–10 larvae, while colonies of fifth-instar larvae usually contain 1–6 larvae. There are two generations per year in southern Wisconsin. Feeding-instar larvae are present in late May and June, and again (second generation) in August and September. The species is distributed throughout the jack pine stands of Wisconsin. Phenological data and notes on parasites are presented.

AGGREGATING BEHAVIOR OF UMBONIA CRASSICORNIS (HOMOPTERA: MEMBRACIDAE)

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Umbonia Crassicornis ◽  
Sexually Mature

AbstractIndividuals of Umbonia crassicornis Amyot and Serville (Homoptera: Membracidae) form aggregations both as nymphs and adults. Each adult female deposits one set of eggs and remains with them. Prior to egg hatching the female moves off the egg mass and makes a series of spiral bark slits with the ovipositor. First instar nymphs aggregate along these slits with the female positioned below the cluster. Adult females use the front tarsi to stroke the backs of moving nymphs to return them to the aggregation.Adult females remain with the nymphs until they become adults. Aggregations of adults fragment when sexually mature; mating takes place before and during dispersal. Mating behavior consists of four components, the precopulatory position being prolonged.

Population Dynamics ofLeptinotarsa decemlineata(Say) in Eastern Ontario: I. Spatial Pattern and Transformation of Field Counts

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 813-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Fractional Power ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Binomial Parameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

AbstractCounts of the Colorado potato beetle on potato did not conform to the Poisson distribution, there being an excess of uninfested and highly infested hills over the expected numbers. However, when observed distributions were fitted to the negative binomial series, the discrepancies were not significant when tested by chi-square. The negative binomial parameterktended to increase with density. Using a commonk, the distribution of the various stages may be described by expansion of (q−px)−k, when values ofkare as follows: adult, 1.95; egg mass, 4.10; first instar, 0.68; second instar, 0.78; third instar, 1.04; fourth instar, 1.07.For all stages, the variance was proportional to a fractional power of the mean. Use of the individual potato stalk as a sample unit had little effect on the skewness of the distribution. Four transformations are offered for stabilizing the variance of field counts.

LIFE HISTORY AND BIOLOGY OF EINFELDIA SYNCHRONA (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1597-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. V. Danks
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Bottom Fauna ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
First Instar

AbstractEinfeldia synchrona Oliver is univoltine in a small, shallow, highly eutrophic pond near Ottawa (45°N.). Adult emergence is synchronized with slight protandry in May, and from this small pond exceeded 145,000 individuals in 1970. Emergence is inhibited experimentally at short photoperiods. More than one egg mass is produced, during a period of several days following emergence. First instar larvae, which lack ventral tubules, are at first pelagic but build cases before moulting. The remaining three larval instars possess 1 pair of ventral tubules. Larvae show a preference for central areas of the pond over 40 cm deep, and show some mobility in response to seasonal depth changes. There are arrests in the development of larvae both in winter and during summer, with cessation of feeding, penetration into the mud, and construction in winter of special sealed cocoons. Marked year to year differences in the stage reached by winter, and in the larval population level, were detected. Many of these biological features are probably widespread in Chironomini and hence of some importance in the interpretation of studies of the bottom fauna.

DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS FOR CONTROL OF GYPSY MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE) IN ONTARIO. I. AERIAL SPRAY TRIALS IN 1988

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Cunningham ◽  
W.J. Kaupp ◽  
G.M. Howse
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Treated Plot

AbstractA double application of Disparvirus, a nuclear polyhidrosis virus, at 1.25 × 1012 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per hectare, giving a total of 2.5 × 1012 PIB per hectare, was applied aerially on three plots in an emitted volume of 10.0 L per hectare. The two applications were 3 days apart and most larvae were in the first instar. Three plots were selected as untreated checks; each was paired with a treated plot on the basis of pre-spray gypsy moth egg-mass numbers and locality. The pre-spray egg-mass counts ranged from 1430 to 8520 per hectare in the six plots. Assessment of the treatment was based on numbers of pupae and fall egg masses as well as on estimates of defoliation and on microscopic examination of larvae collected at weekly intervals to determine the incidence of virus infection. Between 12 and 19 days post-spray, 49, 61, and 85% of the larvae were infected with virus in the three treated plots compared with 3, 7, and 14%, respectively, of larvae in the check plots. Red oak was 14% defoliated in two of the treated plots compared with 82 and 90% in their corresponding check plots. The third plot suffered 46% defoliation due to leaf-eating caterpillars other than gypsy moth; defoliation in its corresponding check plot was 31%. Reductions in egg-mass numbers in the treated plots were 76, 93, and 98% compared with an increase of 56% and decreases of 50 and 70%, respectively, in corresponding check plots. Corrected population reductions (Abbott’s formula) were 84, 85, and 92% in the three treated plots.

DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS FOR CONTROL OF GYPSY MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE) IN ONTARIO. II. REDUCTION IN DOSAGE AND EMITTED VOLUME (1989 AND 1990)

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Cunningham ◽  
W.J. Kaupp ◽  
R.A. Fleming ◽  
K.W. Brown ◽  
T. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Current Recommendation ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

AbstractA double application of 1.25 × 1012 (total 2.5 × 1012) polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) of Disparvirus (nuclear polyhedrosis virus) in an emitted volume of 10.0 L per ha gave acceptable control of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae in 1988. More aerial spray trials were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to test a reduced dosage and volume of Disparvirus. Dosage on all plots, applied when larvae were mainly in their first instar, was a double treatment of 5 × 1011 PIB per ha, 3–5 days apart, giving a total of 1012 PIB per ha. The aqueous tank mix contained 25% (v/v) molasses, 10% (w/v) Orzan LS, and 2% (v/v) Rhoplex B60A sticker. Emitted volumes of 10.0 L per ha and 5.0 L per ha were each tested on three replicated plots in 1989, and 5.0 L per ha and 2.5 L per ha were each tested on three replicated plots in 1990. In both 1989 and 1990, three untreated check plots were paired with treated plots on the basis of pre-spray egg-mass densities.The treatments were assessed by counts of pupae in burlap traps, estimates of defoliation, and change in numbers of egg masses in the treated and check plots. Better control was obtained with the reduced dosage at 10.0 L per ha and 5.0 L per ha than at 2.5 L per ha. Using the aqueous formulation described above, a double application of 5 × 1011 PIB per ha at 5.0 L per ha applied at the peak of the first larval instar is the current recommendation for control of gypsy moth in Ontario using nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

Probiotics in the diets of laying quails

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O. Merzlyakova ◽  
V. Rogachyev ◽  
V. Chegodaev
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
The Cost

The efficiency of introducing probiotics based on strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium in the amount of 150 g/t of feed into the diets of laying quails has been studied. The experiment lasting 182 days has been carried out on four groups of quails with 30 heads in each. The quails have been housed in the broiler battery in compliance with the required microclimate conditions. Quails of all groups have been received the main diet (compound feed) developed taking into account their age and physiological characteristics. The quails of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups in addition to the main diet received probiotics (150 g/t compound feed) based on strains Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium, respectively. It has been found that feeding the laying quails of the consortium of strains Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis had the most significant positive impact on their productive performance, it allowed to increase egg production by 7,81 %, egg laying intensity by 5,0 %, egg mass yield by 9,77 %, while reducing feed expenditures for 10 eggs by 13,35 %. The yield of hatching eggs has been increased by 7,03 %, hatchability of chickens from laid and fertilized eggs by 8,33 and 8,35 %, brooding waste decreased by 21,74 %. Hematological parameters of quails during the whole experiment were within the physiological norm. The economic effect calculated on the basis of data on the cost of compound feed, probiotics and the cost of sold eggs of quail laying was 14,56 % in the 3rd experimental group (in relation to the control group).

scholarly journals Is High Whitefly Abundance on Cassava in Sub-Saharan Africa Driven by Biological Traits of a Specific, Cryptic Bemisia tabaci Species?

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Habibu Mugerwa ◽  
Peter Sseruwagi ◽  
John Colvin ◽  
Susan Seal
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Population Development ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Sub Saharan

In East Africa, the prevalent Bemisia tabaci whiteflies on the food security crop cassava are classified as sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) species. Economically damaging cassava whitefly populations were associated with the SSA2 species in the 1990s, but more recently, it has been to SSA1 species. To investigate whether biological traits (number of first instar nymphs, emerged adults, proportion of females in progeny and development time) of the cassava whitefly species are significant drivers of the observed field abundance, our study determined the development of SSA1 sub-group (SG) 1 (5 populations), SG2 (5 populations), SG3 (1 population) and SSA2 (1 population) on cassava and eggplant under laboratory conditions. SSA1-(SG1-SG2) and SSA2 populations’ development traits were similar. Regardless of the host plant, SSA1-SG2 populations had the highest number of first instar nymphs (60.6 ± 3.4) and emerged adults (50.9 ± 3.6), followed by SSA1-SG1 (55.5 ± 3.2 and 44.6 ± 3.3), SSA2 (45.8 ± 5.7 and 32.6 ± 5.1) and the lowest were SSA1-SG3 (34.2 ± 6.1 and 32.0 ± 7.1) populations. SSA1-SG3 population had the shortest egg–adult emergence development time (26.7 days), followed by SSA1-SG1 (29.1 days), SSA1-SG2 (29.6 days) and SSA2 (32.2 days). Regardless of the whitefly population, development time was significantly shorter on eggplant (25.1 ± 0.9 days) than cassava (34.6 ± 1.0 days). These results support that SSA1-(SG1-SG2) and SSA2 B. tabaci can become highly abundant on cassava, with their species classification alone not correlating with observed abundance and prevalence.

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