Population Dynamics ofLeptinotarsa decemlineata(Say) in Eastern Ontario: I. Spatial Pattern and Transformation of Field Counts

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 813-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Fractional Power ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Binomial Parameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

AbstractCounts of the Colorado potato beetle on potato did not conform to the Poisson distribution, there being an excess of uninfested and highly infested hills over the expected numbers. However, when observed distributions were fitted to the negative binomial series, the discrepancies were not significant when tested by chi-square. The negative binomial parameterktended to increase with density. Using a commonk, the distribution of the various stages may be described by expansion of (q−px)−k, when values ofkare as follows: adult, 1.95; egg mass, 4.10; first instar, 0.68; second instar, 0.78; third instar, 1.04; fourth instar, 1.07.For all stages, the variance was proportional to a fractional power of the mean. Use of the individual potato stalk as a sample unit had little effect on the skewness of the distribution. Four transformations are offered for stabilizing the variance of field counts.

SPATIAL PATTERN OF THE IMMATURE STAGES AND TENERAL ADULTS OF PHYLLOPHAGA SPP. (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) IN A PERMANENT MEADOW

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 1354-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Guppy ◽  
D. G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Poisson Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Fractional Power ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
First Instar ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Random counts of the white grubs, Phyllophaga fusca Froelich and P. anxia LeConte, in a permanent meadow did not conform to the Poisson distribution, there being an excess of uninfested and highly infested sample units over the expected number. But when the negative binomial series was fitted to the observed distribution, the discrepancies were not significant when tested by chi-square. Using a common k, the distribution of the various stages may be described by expansion of (q-p)−k, when values of k are as follows: egg 0.15, first instar 0.41, second instar 1.30, third instar 2.00, pupa 1.62, teneral adult 1.30. Aggregation resulted from the clumping of eggs at oviposition, and randomness increased with dispersal of the larvae. For all stages, the variance was proportional to a fractional power of the mean. Three transformations are offered for stabilizing the variance of field counts.

SPATIAL PATTERN OF THE IMMATURE STAGES OF HYLEMYA BRASSICAE ON CABBAGE

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1216-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Mukerji ◽  
D. G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Poisson Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Binomial Series ◽  
Binomial Parameter ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

AbstractCounts of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), on cabbage did not conform to the Poisson distribution, there being an excess of uninfested and highly infested plants over the expected number. But when the negative binomial series was fitted to the observed distribution, the discrepancies were not significant when tested by chi-square. The negative binomial parameter k tended to increase with density. Using a common k, the distribution of the various stages may be described by expansion of (q − p)−k, when values of k are as follows: egg 0.78, larva 0.71, pupa 0.84. Three different transformations are offered for stabilizing the variance of field counts.

THE BIOLOGY OF NEODIPRION NIGROSCUTUM (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE) IN WISCONSIN

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Becker ◽  
D. M. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Body Color ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Black Head ◽  
Pine Stands

AbstractThe specific status of Neodiprion nigroscutum Middleton is firmly established by new data. The adult female is mostly black and brown. The second annulus of the lancet is generally weakly developed ventrally. The larvae have black head capsules in the first instar, but this coloration usually changes to reddish brown in the later instars. The third, fourth, and fifth feeding-instar larvae have unbroken subdorsal and supraspiracular lines, and broken postepipleural lines, but lack an epiproctal spot. The nonfeeding-instar larvae often have a pink body color. The egg mass of most females is green. Jack pine is the preferred host. The fecundity is approximately 100 eggs, but they are typically distributed over many branches, usually in one needle on each branch. Larval colonies composed of first- through fourth-instar larvae usually contain 3–10 larvae, while colonies of fifth-instar larvae usually contain 1–6 larvae. There are two generations per year in southern Wisconsin. Feeding-instar larvae are present in late May and June, and again (second generation) in August and September. The species is distributed throughout the jack pine stands of Wisconsin. Phenological data and notes on parasites are presented.

scholarly journals Overweightness and obesity prevalence among university students in 2015-2016 educational season

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 5884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eren Uluöz
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

The main purpose of this study is to find out the obesity prevalence among university students. In addition to the main purpose, another aims of this study is to determine the individual features of participants related to obesity such as gender, age, being an obese in family and doing physical activity.This study was performed on university students from five different faculties of Çukurova University in 2015-2016 educational season. In this study, 894 volunteer students accepted for attending to the research. The mean age of female participants was 21.39±2.53 years. However, mean of males was 22.28±2.73 years. Descriptive study design and causal comparative methods were used. The individual information form created by the researcher was used to determine the demographic characteristics of the participants. BMI was analyzed both quantitative and categorical ways in this study. WHO’s classification method was used for categorizing of BMI. All findings in the study were summarized by descriptive statistical methods such as mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, etc. The independent sample T test, the ANOVA test, Pearson correlation test and chi-square test were used. In all analyzes, significance level was accepted as p <0.05.The mean of the BMI was calculated as 22.40±3.49 kg/m2. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean BMI of males (23.80±3.40 kg/m2) and female participants (21,01±2,99 kg/m2, t(-13,043)=892, p<0.05). Also, it was found statically significant difference among BMI classification groups for gender (obesity rate of male: 4.9% ; female:1.1%) , x2(df=3, n=894)=101.21, p<0.05. These results have indicated that the rate of obesity among university students is lower than normal population in Turkey. At the same time the findings of this study have shown similar characteristics with the university students’ of other countries reported by previous studies.In conclusion, it should be taken some measures for reducing overweightness and obesity such as increasing physical activity possibilities for people in all condition by local and central Governments, increasing the number of hours of physical education and sports lessons in schools as much as possible and the processing of these courses must be inspected strongly, more strict measures taken by the government to reduce obesity rates in society, informing and awareness of community on obesity, informing adequate and balanced nutrition by using the all media devices and facilities.

scholarly journals Oviposition behaviour of Gryon gallardoi (Hym.; Scelionidae) on eggs of Spartocera dentiventris (Hem.; Coreidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Wiedemann ◽  
C. R. Canto-Silva ◽  
H. P. Romanowski ◽  
L. R. Redaelli
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Adult Parasitoid ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Marking Behaviour ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Egg Marking

The oviposition behaviour of Gryon gallardoi (Hymenoptera; Scelionidae) on Spartocera dentiventris (Hemiptera; Coreidae) host eggs was investigated in the laboratory. Masses of 12 non-parasitized freshly laid (less than 24 h old) eggs were exposed to 2-5 days old mated females with previous oviposition experience (n = 10). Behaviour was observed for 2 h under the stereomicroscope. The eggs were Then kept individually at 25º ± 1ºC/12 h photophase till hatching. The mean number of parasitized eggs was 7.8 ± 0.81 (IMG01 ± SE). Five distinct kinds of behaviour were observed: drumming with antennae on the eggs, ovipositor insertion, egg marking, walking and resting. On average, ovipositor insertion was not followed by marking 4.3 ± 0.76 times per female. In nearly all of these events, parasitism was unsuccessful. Walking and resting were observed less frequently than the other behaviours (1.6 ± 0.56 and 2.1 ± 0.48 times/female, respectively). Superparasitism occurred on average 3.6 ± 0.88 times per egg mass, with 2.7 ± 0.57 eggs being superparasitized. Among these, on average 87.4 ± 5.37% led to successful development of an adult parasitoid. The average time spent on the each kind of oviposition behaviour was 1.5 ± 0.57 min for drumming, 3.9 ± 0.56 min for ovipositor insertion and 0.4 ± 0.06 min for marking. There was no significant variation on the duration of each behaviour as the parasitoid progressed in parasitizing an egg mass. Ovipositor insertion almost always (87.58%) occurred in the longitudinal extremities of the egg. In average 31.1 ± 7.21% of the individual emerging per egg mass were males, the larger proportion of males originating from the 2nd oviposition. The results show a range of oviposition behaviours common to the Scelionidae family. Egg marking behaviour was a good indicator of the effective oviposition by females. Superparasitism is only partially avoided, but its occurrence does not imply a failure of parasitoid emergence. The sex ratio is skewed towards females, and most males come from the first ovipositions.

scholarly journals Feeding Preference of Larvae and Adults of Zigzag Beetle on Sucking Insect Pests of Brinjal Under Lab. Condition at Tando Jam

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghaffar Khoso ◽  
Mansab Khan ◽  
Saeed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aphid Consumption ◽  
The Mean

Study was carried out on Feeding Preference of Larvae and Adults of Zigzag Beetle on Sucking Insect Pests of Brinjal Under Laboratory Conditions in 2013 at Tando Jam. Observations on feeding preference of Zigzag beetle shows that the highest feeding consumption of first instar larvae of Zigzag beetle were consumed 9.28±1.47aphids/day. Similarly on whiteflies the feeding rate was 7.56±1.05, and on thrips 5.28±0.98. The mean highest consumption of 1st instar was recorded on aphids, and lowest on. Similarly in the second instar larva the mean highest consumption rate during 24 hours was recorded on aphids. 19.21±1.97 / day followed by whiteflies 13.39±2.82/day and thrips 10.36±1.89/day. In case of third instar larvae the maximum feeding rate was recorded on aphids 35.26±2.06/day followed by whiteflies. 23.15±2.45/day and thrips 16.36±3.82/day. The fourth instar larvae of Zigzag beetle was consumed 52.69±3.89aphids/day followed by whiteflies 39.64±3.02/day and thrips 26.85±5.56/day. While the feeding preference rate of both male and female adults of Zigzag beetle also observed. The male adults of Zigzag beetle was 61.17±4.67 aphids/ day. On whiteflies was 42.89±4.12. Similarly on thrips was 32.56±6.26 thrips/ day. The mean aphid consumption by female adults was more on aphids 72.34±5.33 / day followed by whiteflies 47.23±4.93/day and thrips 37.89±7.19/day. The overall data indicated that fourth instar larvae of Zigzag beetle was more voracious feeder of different sucking insect pests of brinjal as compare to 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar larvae and female adults of Zigzag beetle consumed more sucking pests of brinjal than male adults . However, there is no significant difference between both sexes. The data reveals that aphids was most preferred food and thrips was least preferred prey for Zigzag beetle. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(1): 27-30

A Simple Method for the Evaluation of Internal Doses in Nuclear Medicine

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
L. Conte ◽  
L. Mombelli ◽  
A. Vanoli
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Rapid Estimation ◽  
Absorbed Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Estimation Of Risk

SummaryWe have put forward a method to be used in the field of nuclear medicine, for calculating internally absorbed doses in patients. The simplicity and flexibility of this method allow one to make a rapid estimation of risk both to the individual and to the population. In order to calculate the absorbed doses we based our procedure on the concept of the mean absorbed fraction, taking into account anatomical and functional variability which is highly important in the calculation of internal doses in children. With this aim in mind we prepared tables which take into consideration anatomical differences and which permit the calculation of the mean absorbed doses in the whole body, in the organs accumulating radioactivity, in the gonads and in the marrow; all this for those radionuclides most widely used in nuclear medicine. By comparing our results with dose obtained from the use of M.I.R.D.'s method it can be seen that when the errors inherent in these types of calculation are taken into account, the results of both methods are in close agreement.

Comparision of two fluoride varnishes for controlling white spot lesions. Randomized clinical trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Alberto Luengo - Fereira
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To compare two fluorinated varnishes for the control of white spot lesions.Material and Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 103 active whitespot lesions on permanent upper anterior teeth from 24 patients, aged 7 to 9 years were randomly assigned totwo groups, G1: Duraphat® (n=52) and G2: DuraShield® (n=51). Weekly applications were perform for fourconsecutive weeks. Fifth week the dimension, regression and activity of the lesions were evaluated. Student’sT test, Wilcoxon Ranks and Chi square were used at 5% significance. Results: At the end of the study, the lesion reduction was observed in 69.7%, finding significant differences(p<0.05) in the mean of the initial and final dimensions in general (2.74 mm to 1.91 mm) and in each group, G1(2.84 mm to 2.03 mm), G2 (2.64 mm to 1.78 mm). In the activity of the lesions, it was found in the G1, 12 active and6 inactive lesions; while in G2, there were 14 active and 29 inactive; these differences were significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: The two evaluated products showed similar clinical efficacy in the remineralization of activewhite spot lesions after 4 weeks of therapy.

SERUM THYROTROPHIN AND THE RESPONSE TO THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN SYMPTOMLESS AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS AND IN BORDERLINE AND OVERT HYPOTHYROIDISM

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gordin ◽  
P. Saarinen ◽  
R. Pelkonen ◽  
B.-A. Lamberg
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Serum Tsh

ABSTRACT Serum thyrotrophin (TSH) was determined by the double-antibody radioimmunoassay in 58 patients with primary hypothyroidism and was found to be elevated in all but 2 patients, one of whom had overt and one clinically borderline hypothyroidism. Six (29%) out of 21 subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) had an elevated serum TSH level. There was little correlation between the severity of the disease and the serum TSH values in individual cases. However, the mean serum TSH value in overt hypothyroidism (93.4 μU/ml) was significantly higher than the mean value both in clinically borderline hypothyroidism (34.4 μU/ml) and in SAT (8.8 μU/ml). The response to the thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) was increased in all 39 patients with overt or borderline hypothyroidism and in 9 (43 %) of the 21 subjects with SAT. The individual TRH response in these two groups showed a marked overlap, but the mean response was significantly higher in overt (149.5 μU/ml) or clinically borderline hypothyroidism (99.9 μU/ml) than in SAT (35.3 μU/ml). Thus a normal basal TSH level in connection with a normal response to TRH excludes primary hypothyroidism, but nevertheless not all patients with elevated TSH values or increased responses to TRH are clinically hypothyroid.

Quality of Life for Children with Persistent Sinonasal Symptoms

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Kay ◽  
Richard M. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Routine Clinical Care ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sinonasal Symptoms

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to validate the SN-5 survey as a measure of longitudinal change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for children with persistent sinonasal symptoms. DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a before and after study of 85 children aged 2 to 12 years in a metropolitan pediatric otolaryngology practice. Caregivers completed the SN-5 survey at entry and at least 4 weeks later. The survey included 5 symptom-cluster items covering the domains of sinus infection, nasal obstruction, allergy symptoms, emotional distress, and activity limitations. RESULTS: Good test-retest reliability ( R = 0.70) was obtained for the overall SN-5 score and the individual survey items ( R ≥ 0.58). The mean baseline SN-5 score was 3.8 (SD, 1.0) of a maximum of 7.0, with higher scores indicating poorer HRQoL. All SN-5 items had adequate correlation ( R ≥ 0.36) with external constructs. The mean change in SN-5 score after routine clinical care was 0.88 (SD, 1.19) with an effect size of 0.74 indicating good responsiveness to longitudinal change. The change scores correlated appropriately with changes in related external constructs ( R ≥ 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: The SN-5 is a valid, reliable, and responsive measure of HRQoL for children with persistent sinonasal symptoms, suitable for use in outcomes studies and routine clinical care.

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