scholarly journals Natural Selection and Maternal Effects in Life History Traits of Brevicoryne brassicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Two Sympatric Closely Related Hosts

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae

scholarly journals Genome size correlates with reproductive fitness in seed beetles

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1815) ◽  
pp. 20151421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Arnqvist ◽  
Ahmed Sayadi ◽  
Elina Immonen ◽  
Cosima Hotzy ◽  
Daniel Rankin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Correlated Evolution ◽  
Seed Beetles

The ultimate cause of genome size (GS) evolution in eukaryotes remains a major and unresolved puzzle in evolutionary biology. Large-scale comparative studies have failed to find consistent correlations between GS and organismal properties, resulting in the ‘ C -value paradox’. Current hypotheses for the evolution of GS are based either on the balance between mutational events and drift or on natural selection acting upon standing genetic variation in GS. It is, however, currently very difficult to evaluate the role of selection because within-species studies that relate variation in life-history traits to variation in GS are very rare. Here, we report phylogenetic comparative analyses of GS evolution in seed beetles at two distinct taxonomic scales, which combines replicated estimation of GS with experimental assays of life-history traits and reproductive fitness. GS showed rapid and bidirectional evolution across species, but did not show correlated evolution with any of several indices of the relative importance of genetic drift. Within a single species, GS varied by 4–5% across populations and showed positive correlated evolution with independent estimates of male and female reproductive fitness. Collectively, the phylogenetic pattern of GS diversification across and within species in conjunction with the pattern of correlated evolution between GS and fitness provide novel support for the tenet that natural selection plays a key role in shaping GS evolution.

scholarly journals Response of life-history traits to artificial and natural selection for virulence and nonvirulence in aDrosophilaparastitoid,Asobara tabida

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joffrey Moiroux ◽  
Joan van Baaren ◽  
Mathilde Poyet ◽  
Aude Couty ◽  
Patrice Eslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Asobara Tabida ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Body reserves mediate trade-offs between life-history traits: new insights from small pelagic fish reproduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 160202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Brosset ◽  
Josep Lloret ◽  
Marta Muñoz ◽  
Christian Fauvel ◽  
Elisabeth Van Beveren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Pelagic Fish ◽  
Small Pelagic Fish ◽  
Gulf Of Lions ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Cost

Limited resources in the environment prevent individuals from simultaneously maximizing all life-history traits, resulting in trade-offs. In particular, the cost of reproduction is well known to negatively affect energy investment in growth and maintenance. Here, we investigated these trade-offs during contrasting periods of high versus low fish size and body condition (before/after 2008) in the Gulf of Lions. Female reproductive allocation and performance in anchovy ( Engraulis encrasicolus ) and sardine ( Sardina pilchardus ) were examined based on morphometric historical data from the 1970s and from 2003 to 2015. Additionally, potential maternal effects on egg quantity and quality were examined in 2014/2015. After 2008, the gonadosomatic index increased for sardine and remained steady for anchovy, while a strong decline in mean length at first maturity indicated earlier maturation for both species. Regarding maternal effects, for both species egg quantity was positively linked to fish size but not to fish lipid reserves, while the egg quality was positively related to lipid reserves. Atresia prevalence and intensity were rather low regardless of fish condition and size. Finally, estimations of total annual numbers of eggs spawned indicated a sharp decrease for sardine since 2008 but a slight increase for anchovy during the last 5 years. This study revealed a biased allocation towards reproduction in small pelagic fish when confronted with a really low body condition. This highlights that fish can maintain high reproductive investment potentially at the cost of other traits which might explain the present disappearance of old and large individuals in the Gulf of Lions.

scholarly journals Heritability and genetic correlations of personality, life history and morphology in the grey mouse lemur ( Microcebus murinus )

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 190632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline B. Zablocki-Thomas ◽  
Anthony Herrel ◽  
Caitlin J. Karanewsky ◽  
Fabienne Aujard ◽  
Emmanuelle Pouydebat
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Microcebus Murinus ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Pace Of Life ◽  
Sources Of Variation

The recent interest in animal personality has sparked a number of studies on the heritability of personality traits. Yet, how the sources variance these traits can be decomposed remains unclear. Moreover, whether genetic correlations with life-history traits, personality traits and other phenotypic traits exist as predicted by the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis remains poorly understood. Our aim was to compare the heritability of personality, life-history and morphological traits and their potential genetic correlations in a small primate ( Microcebus murinus ). We performed an animal model analysis on six traits measured in a large sample of captive mouse lemurs ( N = 486). We chose two personality traits, two life-history traits and two morphological traits to (i) estimate the genetic and/or environmental contribution to their variance, and (ii) test for genetic correlations between these traits. We found modest narrow-sense heritability for personality traits, morphological traits and life-history traits. Other factors including maternal effects also influence the sources of variation in life-history and morphological traits. We found genetic correlations between emergence latency on the one hand and radius length and growth rate on the other hand. Emergence latency was also genetically correlated with birth weight and was influenced by maternal identity. These results provide insights into the influence of genes and maternal effects on the partitioning of sources of variation in personality, life-history and morphological traits in a captive primate model and suggest that the pace-of-life syndrome may be partly explained by genetic trait covariances.

scholarly journals NATURAL SELECTION AND QUANTITATIVE GENETICS OF LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS IN WESTERN WOMEN: A TWIN STUDY

Evolution ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Kirk ◽  
Simon P. Blomberg ◽  
David L. Duffy ◽  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
Ian P. F. Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Quantitative Genetics ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Life History Traits
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