scholarly journals Life History Traits and Natural Selection for Small Body Size in a Population of Darwin's Finches

Evolution ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor D. Price ◽  
Peter R. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Small Body Size ◽  
Darwin's Finches ◽  
Darwin’S Finches ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Selection for small body size favours contrasting sex-specific life histories, boldness and feeding in medaka, Oryzias latipes

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Diaz Pauli ◽  
Sarah Garric ◽  
Charlotte Evangelista ◽  
L. Asbjørn Vøllestad ◽  
Eric Edeline
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Small Body Size ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Response of life-history traits to artificial and natural selection for virulence and nonvirulence in aDrosophilaparastitoid,Asobara tabida

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joffrey Moiroux ◽  
Joan van Baaren ◽  
Mathilde Poyet ◽  
Aude Couty ◽  
Patrice Eslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Asobara Tabida ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Life-history traits matter for dispersal into semi-open habitat corridors:

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estève Boutaud ◽  
Dorothea Nolte ◽  
Claudia Drees ◽  
Thorsten Assmann
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Open Habitat ◽  
Habitat Specialisation ◽  
Generalized Linear Modelling ◽  
Dispersal Success

Biodiversity face ever-increasing threats from the consequences of various human activities Conservation corridors have long been considered a viable solution to help counteract biodiversity loss. However, corridors simultaneously increase fragmentation for non-target habitats. To overcome this challenge, semi-open habitats, which are a mixture of open and woodland habitats, have been proposed as they may enable simultaneous dispersal of both stenotopic open and woodland species. Despite the fact that they could be used by a great range of species, strong interspecific variability exists with regards to the number of individuals effectively recorded in such environment. Consequently, generalisation about their effectiveness remains difficult. Life-history traits such as body size, hibernation stage, trophic guild, and habitat specialisation could be successfully used to enhance prediction with regards to dispersal success. We used generalized linear modelling to study the relationship of ground beetles species traits and dispersal success into semi-open habitat in two regions of Germany. Our preliminary results indicate that larger species, as well as species overwintering as larvae, tend to be more successful when dispersing into semi-open habitat than smaller species or species overwintering as adult. In addition, species locally abundant are also recorded in higher number. In the light of these results, semi-open corridors do not appear to be the best strategy to increase connectivity for species with small body size or overwintering as adult. For such species, priority should be given to traditional corridors whenever possible. Source habitats need also attention as population size will strongly determine the usefulness of such corridors.

scholarly journals Implicaciones de la precipitación sobre la evolución del tamaño corporal y distancia interaxilar en el complejo Aspidoscelis gularis (Squamata: Teiidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Pérez-Almazán ◽  
Norma Leticia Manríquez-Morán ◽  
Miguel Balderas-Plata ◽  
Xanat Antonio-Némiga ◽  
Saúl López-Alcaide
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Independent Contrasts ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Phylogenetically Independent Contrasts

Life history traits are highly variable attributes that maximize organisms’s adaptation. The relationship of weight and body size with environmental changes and habitat heterogeneity has been documented in previous reports; and size and body shapes are both considered life history attributes that are associated with rainfall, that boost available resources in the environment. While in Aspidoscelis genus, clutch size and relative mass are mainly associated with latitude and altitude, in Aspidoscelis gularis, winter rainfall favors two reproductive seasons, which may determine season variable clutch size. With the aim to study this, samplings were undertaken from May-July 2013, and May-September 2015. A total of 65 individuals lizards of the Southeast clade were obtained, and body length and interaxilar distance measurements were taken; furthermore, hepatic tissue samples were taken for DNA extraction, which allowed us to analyze phylogenetic relationships through a Bayesian Inference analysis, and subsequently, to apply Phylogenetic Comparative Methods (like phylogenetic signal, phylogenetically independent contrasts and reconstruction of ancestral character). Our results showed that there is a low phylogenetic signal regarding body size and shape, while the phylogenetically independent contrasts and reconstruction of ancestral characters suggest that small body sizes are associated to locations with highest rainfall. This can be associated to an establishment of an early sexual maturity, which reflects the maximum size of adults. Furthermore, according to an ANOVA and ANCOVA, there were statistically significant differences in body size and shape respectively, which promote a system for sexual competition for males and a system for fertility in females. These results were important to determine the effect of rainfall on some life history traits, pointing out that lizards of the Southeast clade, belonging to the A. gularis complex were able to face different selection pressures, determined by the environment.

scholarly journals The effect of replicated selection for body weight in mice on vertebral shape

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Johnson ◽  
P. O'Higgins ◽  
T. J. McAndrew
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Small Body Size ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Vertebral Shape ◽  
And Control

SummaryThe shapes of T1 and T2 vertebrae from unselected Q strain mice and from strains selected for large and small body size were studied by Fourier analysis in order to ascertain whether shape change was produced by size selection. The vertebrae of large, small and control strains were easily distinguishable, but between replicate groups shape differences were less marked. The main component of shape change was size related, but mice unselected for size also showed a non-size-related shape change.

scholarly journals Density-dependent natural selection mediates harvest-induced trait changes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alix Bouffet-Halle ◽  
Jacques Mériguet ◽  
David Carmignac ◽  
Simon Agostini ◽  
Alexis Millot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Large Body Size ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Density Dependent Selection

ABSTRACTRapid life-history changes caused by size-selective harvesting are often interpreted as a response to direct harvest selection against a large body size. However, similar trait changes may result from a harvest-induced relaxation of natural selection for a large body size via density-dependent selection. Here, we show evidence of such density-dependent selection favouring large-bodied individuals at high population densities, in replicated pond populations of medaka fish. Harvesting, in contrast, selected medaka directly against large-bodied medaka and, in parallel, decreased medaka population densities. Five years of harvesting were enough for harvested and unharvested medaka populations to inherit the classically-predicted trait differences, whereby harvested medaka grew slower and matured earlier than unharvested medaka. We demonstrate that this life-history divergence was not driven by direct harvest selection for a smaller body size in harvested populations, but by density-dependent natural selection for a larger body size in unharvested populations.

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