Health and Reproductive Assessment of Selected Puerto Rican Parrots (Amazona vittata) in Captivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-325
Author(s):  
Susan Clubb ◽  
Jafet Velez ◽  
Michael M. Garner ◽  
Julia Zaias ◽  
Carolyn Cray
Oryx ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Engeman ◽  
Desley Whisson ◽  
Jessica Quinn ◽  
Felipe Cano ◽  
Pedro Quiñones ◽  
...  

Critically Endangered Puerto Rican parrots Amazona vittata are one of the rarest birds in the world. Several exotic mammal species capable of preying on Puerto Rican parrots cohabit the Caribbean National Forest with the only wild population of these parrots. We used tracking plates, monitoring blocks and trapping to index black rats, small Indian mongooses and feral cats in parrot habitat and in public-use areas in the same habitat type. We had high trap success for black rats at all sites (42% of all sites combined), among the highest reported in the world. Rat response to monitoring (nontoxic bait) blocks was universally high, regardless of ground or tree placement. Mongooses were present at all sites, with a greater proportion of plates tracked within the forest than at public-use sites. Cats were present at all forest sites and one of the public-use sites. Presence of the three species did not appear to be linked to human disturbance. Because only 30–40 Puerto Rican parrots survive in the wild, with as few as three pairs nesting in 2002, we concluded that the abundance and pervasiveness of exotic mammalian predators poses a greater threat to the parrots than has been generally acknowledged. This is evidenced by mammalian predation during recent parrot breeding seasons, including six fledglings taken by mongooses and one nest failure from rats during 2000–2003.


2007 ◽  
Vol 243 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith M. Inman ◽  
Thomas R. Wentworth ◽  
Martha Groom ◽  
Cavell Brownie ◽  
Russ Lea

GigaScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taras K Oleksyk ◽  
Jean-Francois Pombert ◽  
Daniel Siu ◽  
Anyimilehidi Mazo-Vargas ◽  
Brian Ramos ◽  
...  

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofiia Kolchanova ◽  
Sergei Kliver ◽  
Aleksei Komissarov ◽  
Pavel Dobrinin ◽  
Gaik Tamazian ◽  
...  

Islands have been used as model systems for studies of speciation and extinction since Darwin published his observations about finches found on the Galapagos. Amazon parrots inhabiting the Greater Antillean Islands represent a fascinating model of species diversification. Unfortunately, many of these birds are threatened as a result of human activity and some, like the Puerto Rican parrot, are now critically endangered. In this study we used a combination of de novo and reference-assisted assembly methods, integrating it with information obtained from related genomes to perform genome reconstruction of three amazon species. First, we used whole genome sequencing data to generate a new de novo genome assembly for the Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata). We then improved the obtained assembly using transcriptome data from Amazona ventralis and used the resulting sequences as a reference to assemble the genomes Hispaniolan (A. ventralis) and Cuban (Amazona leucocephala) parrots. Finally, we, annotated genes and repetitive elements, estimated genome sizes and current levels of heterozygosity, built models of demographic history and provided interpretation of our findings in the context of parrot evolution in the Caribbean.


2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Neftalí Ríos-López ◽  
◽  
Eliacim Agosto-Torres ◽  
Rayza M. Hernández-Muñíz ◽  
Coralys Vicéns-López ◽  
...  

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. White ◽  
Jaime A. Collazo ◽  
Francisco J. Vilella

Abstract We report first-year survival for 34 captive-reared Puerto Rican Parrots (Amazona vittata) released in the Caribbean National Forest, Puerto Rico between 2000 and 2002. The purpose of the releases were to increase population size and the potential number of breeding individuals of the sole extant wild population, and to refine release protocols for eventual reintroduction of a second wild population elsewhere on the island. After extensive prerelease training, we released 10 parrots in 2000, 16 parrots in 2001, and eight parrots in 2002 ranging in age from 1–4 years old. All birds were equipped with radio-transmitters to monitor survival. The overall first-year survival estimate for the 34 parrots was 41% (CI = 22%–61%). Only one parrot died within the first week postrelease, with most (94%) surviving for at least eight weeks after release. Most (54%) documented mortalities were due to raptor predation, which claimed 21% of all released parrots. A captive-reared bird (male, age one), released in 2001, paired with a wild female and fledged two young in 2004. We also calculated survival based on 0% and 50% of observed predation losses and found hypothetical survival rates of 72% and 54%, respectively. Rigorous prerelease training and acclimation was believed to have improved initial postrelease parrot survival, and releasing mixed age-class groups suggests the potential for shortening the time to recruitment. Supervivencia de Individuos de Amazona vittata Criados en Cautiverio y Liberados en el Bosque Nacional del Caribe Resumen. Determinamos la supervivencia de 34 individuos de cotorras Amazona vittata criados en cautiverio y liberados en el Bosque Nacional del Caribe, Puerto Rico entre el 2000 y el 2002. El propósito de las liberaciones era aumentar el tamaño de la población y el número potencial de individuos reproductores en la única población silvestre remanente, y refinar los protocolos de liberación para eventualmente establecer una segunda población silvestre en la isla. Después de un adiestramiento extensivo, liberamos 10 cotorras en el 2000, 16 cotorras en el 2001, y ocho cotorras en el 2002 fluctuando en edades entre uno y cuatro años. Cada individuo se liberó con un radio transmisor para determinar su supervivencia. La tasa general de supervivencia para 34 cotorras después de un año fue de 41% (IC = 22–61%). Sólo una cotorra murió durante la primera semana post-liberación, con la mayoría (94%) sobreviviendo por lo menos ocho semanas después de liberadas. La mayoría (54%) de la mortandad se debió a la depredación por aves rapaces, la que reclamó 21% de todas las cotorras liberadas. Una cotorra criada en cautiverio (macho, un año de edad), y liberada en el 2001, se apareó con una hembra silvestre y produjeron dos volantones en el 2004. Reduciendo la mortandad por aves rapaces informada en este estudio en un 100%, o en un 50%, resultó en tasas hipotéticas de supervivencia del 72% y 54%, respectivamente. Creemos que el adiestramiento y la aclimatación rigurosa pre-liberación mejoraron la supervivencia inicial post-liberación, y que la liberación de grupos de cotorras de edades mixtas sugiere el potencial de acortar el tiempo de reclutamiento.


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