Macroinvertebrate Foraging on Larval Ambystoma maculatum across Ontogeny

Copeia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piper Stretz ◽  
Thomas L. Anderson ◽  
Jacob J. Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Ambystoma Maculatum

Conditioning of a culture substratum by the ectodermal layer promotes attachment and oriented locomotion by amphibian gastrula mesodermal cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nakatsuji ◽  
K.E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Ambystoma Maculatum ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Animal Pole ◽  
Micron Diameter ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Extracellular Fibrils ◽  
Scanning Electron

We have found that ectodermal fragments of Ambystoma maculatum gastrulae deposit immense numbers of 0.1 micron diameter extracellular fibrils on plastic coverslips. When migrating mesodermal cells from A. maculatum gastrulae are seeded on such conditioned plastic substrata, they attach and begin migrating after 15–30 min in vitro. We did a detailed analysis of the relationship between fibril orientation and cell migration using time-lapse cinemicrography, scanning electron microscopy, and a microcomputer with a graphics tablet and morphometric program. We found that cells move in directions closely related to the orientation of fibrils. Usually fibrils are oriented in dense arrays with a predominance of fibrils running parallel to the blastopore-animal pole axis of the explant, and cells move preferentially along lines parallel to the blastopore-animal pole axis. When fibrils are unaligned, cells move at random. We have also shown that cells move with a slightly stronger tendency towards the animal pole direction. These results are discussed concerning the mechanism of specific cell migration during amphibian gastrulation.

Observation et analyse de la prédation des œufs d'Ambystoma maculatum (Shaw) (Amphibia, Urodela) par des larves de Diptères chironomidés, dans la région de Trois-Rivières (Québec)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1339-1343
Author(s):  
Raymond Leclair Jr. ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bourassa
Keyword(s):  
Temporary Pools ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Ambystoma Maculatum ◽  
Clear Water ◽  
Water Pool ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Egg Masses

Observations during spring 1980 in two temporary pools near Trois-Rivières, Quebec, and in the laboratory show that Dipterian chironomid larvae can go through the gelatinous envelopes of egg masses of the salamander Ambystoma maculatum and consume developing eggs and embryos. In the clear water pool, egg spawns are heavily infested by the chironomid Parachironomus cf. forceps and embryonic mortality reaches 70 to 100%. In the dark water pool, infestation by an unidentified chironomid is low and embryonic mortality reaches 8%. In both cases, chironomid larvae leave the egg masses some 9 days before hatching of the salamanders. Fortuitous exploitation of a readily available resource is hypothesized; the frequency and precision of the observed phenological coincidence, due to the presence of other syntopic amphibian spring breeders, will be examined further.

scholarly journals Intracapsular algae provide fixed carbon to developing embryos of the salamander Ambystoma maculatum

2012 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Graham ◽  
S. A. Fay ◽  
A. Davey ◽  
R. W. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Ambystoma Maculatum ◽  
Fixed Carbon

The polarity of the dental lamina in the regenerating salamander jaw

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-646
Author(s):  
Heber T. Graver
Keyword(s):  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Ambystoma Maculatum ◽  
Dental Lamina ◽  
Reversed Polarity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Anterior Direction ◽  
Anterior Posterior

In ¼ and ½ amputated lower jaws of larval Ambystoma maculatum the dental lamina (DL) is replaced from both the anterior and posterior ends of the regenerate area, while in adult Triturus viridescens the DL is regenerated from the posterior stump tissues only. One-fourth and ½ mandibular jaw amputations were performed in such a manner that a short stump of jaw, devoid of DL, remained. Larvae exhibited a posterior regrowth of the DL, while in adults the lamina accumulated at the edge of the regenerate but did not enter the new tissue. Transplantation of a section of jaw from the left to the right side of the mandible resulted in the DL of the inserted piece having a reversed polarity in its new position. In both larval and adult forms, the DL of the transplant established connexions both anteriorly and posteriorly with lamina present. Transverse amputations through the inserted piece resulted in regeneration from the DL in the transplant in an anterior direction. Transplantation of a section of edentulous tissue into normal jaw tissue of the opposite side, or ttansplantation of a section of normal tissue into the edentulous area of the opposite side resulted in no anterior of posterior regrowth of the DL into the edentulous area. Collectively the results indicate that no anterior–posterior polarity exists in the DL of the larval salamander jaw, since regeneration can occur equally well in both directions. The DL of the adult salamander jaw exhibits an anterior–posterior polarity allowing for regrowth in an anterior direction only.

Effect of temperature differentials upon reconstitution of embryonic primordia in Ambystoma

Development ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
Jean Piatt
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Ambystoma Maculatum ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Otic Vesicle ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Temperature

Eggs of Ambystoma maculatum in early stages of development were separated into two groups and maintained at 5 and 14 °C, respectively. In one series of animals comprising both temperature groups, the right otic vesicle was extirpated at stage 27. In another series the right forelimb disc was extirpated at stage 30. Following operation, animals of both groups were kept at 18 °C. Frequency and extent of reconstitution were compared between the two temperature groups. The 5° group was superior to the 14° group in the number of ears and forelimbs reconstituted. The extent of ear reconstitution and the initial quality of forelimb reconstitution were also superior in the 5° group. Statistical analysis of the data indicates that the difference between the two temperature groups is highly significant in both series. It is concluded that a slower pre-operative rate of development, caused by hypothermia, enhances the regenerative capacity of both ear and forelimb fields in the salamander embryo.

scholarly journals Has the Eastern Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) Declined in Ontario?

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
David C. Seburn ◽  
Erin Mallon
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Plethodon Cinereus ◽  
Ambystoma Maculatum ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
Ambystoma Laterale ◽  
Salamander Species

Amphibians are known to be declining around the world. Although often only reported for frogs, declines among salamanders are also known to be occurring. In Ontario, for example, citizen science monitoring indicates the Eastern Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) has not been found in the last 20 years in many areas where it was historically known to occur. To test whether this decline is real or the result of lack of recent observations, we conducted targeted surveys in 25 grid squares with no recent records of the species and confirmed the presence of the Eastern Red-backed Salamander in 84% of these squares. It made up 90% (183 of 202) of all six species of salamanders encountered and was also the first salamander species detected in 90% of the squares. The median number of cover objects needed to detect a species was 34 (range 1–145) for Eastern Red-backed Salamanders, 129.5 (range 34–204) for Blue-spotted Salamanders (Ambystoma laterale), and 154 (range 6–187) for Spotted Salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum), and these detection rates differed significantly (H = 9.46, P < 0.01). Our study suggests that Eastern Red-backed Salamanders have not declined. We caution researchers using citizen science data that a lack of sightings of a “cryptic species” does not mean a species has declined.

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