scholarly journals Activity of trunk muscles during aquatic and terrestrial locomotion in Ambystoma maculatum

2009 ◽  
Vol 212 (18) ◽  
pp. 2949-2959 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Deban ◽  
N. Schilling
Keyword(s):  
Ambystoma Maculatum ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Terrestrial Locomotion

TAIL MUSCLE ACTIVITY PATTERNS IN WALKING AND FLYING PIGEONS (COLUMBA LIVIA)

1993 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Gatesy ◽  
K. P. Dial
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Avian Evolution ◽  
Terrestrial Locomotion ◽  
Temporal Flexibility ◽  
High Speed Cinematography ◽  
Tail Muscle

The electrical activity of major caudal muscles of the pigeon (Columba livia) was recorded during five modes of aerial and terrestrial locomotion. Tail muscle electromyograms were correlated with movement using high-speed cinematography and compared to activity in selected muscles of the wings, legs and trunk. During walking, the pectoralis and most tail muscles are normally inactive, but levator muscle activity alternates with the striding legs. In flight, caudal muscles are phasically active with each wingbeat and undergo distinct changes in electromyographic pattern between liftoff, takeoff, slow level flapping and landing modes. The temporal flexibility of tail muscle activity differs significantly from the stereotypic timing of wing muscles in pigeons performing the same flight modes. These neural programs may represent different solutions to the control of flight surfaces in the rapidly oscillating wing and the relatively stationary caudal skeleton. Birds exhibit a novel alliance of tail and forelimb use during aerial locomotion. We suggest that there is evidence of anatomical and functional decoupling of the tail from adjacent hindlimb and trunk muscles during avian evolution to facilitate its specialization for rectricial control in flight.

Estimation of EMG activity of trunk muscles in manual lifting tasks based on trunk dynamics using the fuzzy relational rule network

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar Karwowski ◽  
Adam Gaweda ◽  
William S. Marras ◽  
Kermit Davis ◽  
Jacek Zurada
Keyword(s):  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Manual Lifting

The hominin lineage

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Ayala ◽  
Camilo J. Cela-Conde
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Human Lineage ◽  
Terrestrial Locomotion ◽  
Geological Formations ◽  
Difficult Issue ◽  
Human Fossils

This chapter describes the origin of the human lineage within the evolution of the hominoids, which raises the difficult issue of how to integrate the evolution of dentition and terrestrial locomotion. Next is the investigation of the appearance and initial dispersal of the hominins toward the end of the Miocene, with particular attention to the models of colonization of new territories as a function of climate changes. The hypothesis of the adaptation to the open savanna by bipedalism is explored. Finally, there is a summary description of the different deposits and localities of the main African localities with human fossils, pointing out the different geological formations and exemplars found in each deposit, including two sites north of the Rift Valley of great importance: Toros-Menalla (Tchad) and Dmanisi (Georgia).

scholarly journals The product of trunk muscle area and density on the CT image is a good indicator of energy expenditure in patients with or at risk for COPD

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Shirahata ◽  
Hideaki Sato ◽  
Sanehiro Yogi ◽  
Kaiji Inoue ◽  
Mamoru Niitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Physical inactivity due to cachexia and muscle wasting is well recognized as a sign of poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there have been no reports on the relationship between trunk muscle measurements and energy expenditure parameters, such as the total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL), in COPD. In this study, we investigated the associations of computed tomography (CT)-derived muscle area and density measurements with clinical parameters, including TEE and PAL, in patients with or at risk for COPD, and examined whether these muscle measurements serve as an indicator of TEE and PAL. Methods The study population consisted of 36 male patients with (n = 28, stage 1–4) and at risk for (n = 8) COPD aged over 50 years. TEE was measured by the doubly labeled water method, and PAL was calculated as the TEE/basal metabolic rate estimated by the indirect method. The cross-sectional areas and densities of the pectoralis muscles, rectus abdominis muscles, and erector spinae muscles were measured. We evaluated the relationship between these muscle measurements and clinical outcomes, including body composition, lung function, muscle strength, TEE, and PAL. Results All the muscle areas were significantly associated with TEE, severity of emphysema, and body composition indices such as body mass index, fat-free mass, and trunk muscle mass. All trunk muscle densities were correlated with PAL. The product of the rectus abdominis muscle area and density showed the highest association with TEE (r = 0.732) and PAL (r = 0.578). Several trunk muscle measurements showed significant correlations with maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, indicating their roles in respiration. Conclusions CT-derived measurements for trunk muscles are helpful in evaluating physical status and function in patients with or at risk for COPD. Particularly, trunk muscle evaluation may be a useful marker reflecting TEE and PAL.

Relationship between trunk muscle strength and trunk muscle mass and thickness using bioelectrical impedance analysis and ultrasound imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ryo Miyachi ◽  
Nana Koike ◽  
Suzu Kodama ◽  
Junya Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Trunk Muscle Strength

BACKGROUND: Although trunk muscles are involved in many important functions, evaluating trunk muscle strength is not an easy task. If trunk muscle mass and thickness could be used as indicators of trunk muscle strength, the burden of measurement would be reduced, but the relationship between trunk muscle strength and trunk muscle mass and thickness has not been clarified. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between trunk muscle strength and trunk muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis and trunk muscle thickness by ultrasound imaging in healthy adults. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-one healthy university students were included in this study. Trunk flexion/extension muscle strength and trunk muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and trunk muscle thickness by ultrasound imaging were measured. RESULTS: Both trunk flexion strength and trunk extension strength were significantly correlated with trunk muscle mass and oblique and rectus abdominis muscle thickness. Multiple regression analysis showed that trunk extension muscle strength had an independent relationship with trunk muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that trunk muscle mass or trunk muscle thickness can be used as an alternative means for evaluating trunk muscle strength, making the evaluation of trunk muscles less burdensome.

scholarly journals Intermittent short-arm centrifugation is a partially effective countermeasure against upright balance deterioration following 60-day head-down tilt bed rest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico De Martino ◽  
Sauro Emerick Salomoni ◽  
Paul W. Hodges ◽  
Julie Hides ◽  
Kirsty Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bed Rest ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gravitational Unloading ◽  
Frequency Power ◽  
Sway Frequency

This study investigated whether artificial gravity (AG), induced by short-radius centrifugation, mitigated deterioration in standing balance and anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) of trunk muscles following 60-day head-down tilt bed rest. Twenty-four participants were allocated to one of three groups: control group (N=8); 30 minutes continuous AG daily (N=8); intermittent 6x5 minutes AG daily (N=8). Before and immediately after bed rest, standing balance was assessed in four conditions: eyes open and closed on both stable and foam surfaces. Measures including sway path, root-mean-square, and peak sway velocity, sway area, sway frequency power, and sway density curve were extracted from the centre of pressure displacement. APAs were assessed during rapid arm movements using intramuscular or surface electromyography electrodes of the rectus abdominis, obliquus externus and internus abdominis, transversus abdominis, erector spinae at L1, L2, L3, and L4 vertebral levels, and deep lumbar multifidus muscles. The relative latency between the EMG onset of the deltoid and each of the trunk muscles was calculated. All three groups had poorer balance performance in most of the parameters (all P<0.05) and delayed APAs of the trunk muscles following bed rest (all P<0.05). Sway path and sway velocity were deteriorated, and sway frequency power was less in those who received intermittent AG than in the control group (all P<0.05), particularly in conditions with reduced proprioceptive feedback. These data highlight the potential of intermittent AG to mitigate deterioration of some aspects of postural control induced by gravitational unloading, but no protective effects on trunk muscle responses were observed.

scholarly journals POS0016 THE EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES OF PATIENTS WITH OSTEOPOROTIC VERTEBRAL FRACTURES AS A BASIS FOR REHABILITATION PROGRAMS DEVELOPING

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 209.2-210
Author(s):  
L. Marchenkova ◽  
V. Vasileva ◽  
M. Eryomushkin
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Primary Osteoporosis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures

Background:Due to the demand for special rehabilitation programs for patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures (VFs), it is of interest to study the functional abilities of those patients. The scientific hypothesis suggests that osteoporotic VFs would cause muscle weakness, muscle dysfunction and conditional disturbances.Objectives:to estimate muscle strength, motor function and coordination disorders in patients with VFs in the setting of systemic osteoporosis as a basis for rehabilitation programs developing.Methods:120 patients aged 43−80 with primary osteoporosis were enrolled. Study group comprised of 60 subjects (56 women, 4 men) with at least 1 VF confirmed by X-rays. Control group included 60 subjects (56 women, 4 men) with osteoporosis but without any osteoporotic fracture. The examination program included back muscles tenzodynamometry, balance tests and stabilometry.Results:Muscle strength deficiency was estimated in study group in trunk flexors (TF) — 40.9% and in trunk extensors (TE) — 18.1% with an adequate function of the left lateral flexors (LLF) and in right lateral flexors (RLF). Patients with VFs had the lower muscle strength vs controls of TE (15.64±9.8 vs 27.73±9.9 kg, p=0.00002), TF (14.61±8.98 vs 21.28±8.38 kg, p=0.0006), LLF (13.10±7.2 vs 24.06±8.9 kg, p=0.005) and RLF 13.44±7.43 vs 24.26±7.65 kg, p=0.0003). Patients with VFs lose their balance faster during one-leg-standing test with open eyes (5.0 [1.0; 10.0] vs 7.5 [5.0; 10.5] sec in control group, p=0.03) and with closed eyes (2.0 [0; 3.0] vs 3.5 [3.0; 5.0] sec, p=0.04). Fukuda-Unterberger test showed greater side dislocation in study group — 40° [25; 45] vs controls 30° [10; 45], (p=0.02). According to stabilometry study group was characterized vs control group by lower balance coefficient with open eyes (77.2±7.6 vs 85.7±9.4%, p=0.002) and with closed eyes (67.1±9.8 vs 73.4±9.9%, p=0.03), greater sagittal displacement (6.8 [2.1; 37.7] vs 4.8 [1.8; 10.7] mm, p=0.025) and deviation in the saggital plane (1.2 [-1.07; 1.5] vs -1.2 [-1.5; 1.2] mm, p=0.01), and also less pressure center velocity (9.51±4.4 vs 7.1±2.7 mm/sec, р=0.009).Conclusion:Osteoporotic VFs are associated with reduction of trunk muscles strength and negatively affect static and dynamic balance function that should be taken into account when developing rehabilitation programs for these patients.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

Comparison among low intensity bridge exercises using suspension devices based on muscle activity and subjective difficulty

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sang-Yeol Lee ◽  
Se-Yeon Park
Keyword(s):  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Internal Oblique Muscle ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Erector Spinae Muscle ◽  
Internal Oblique

BACKGROUND: Recent clinical studies have revealed the advantages of using suspension devices. Although the supine, lateral, and forward leaning bridge exercises are low-intensity exercises with suspension devices, there is a lack of studies directly comparing exercise progression by measuring muscular activity and subjective difficulty. OBJECTIVE: To identify how the variations in the bridge exercise affects trunk muscle activity, the present study investigated changes in neuromuscular activation during low-intensity bridge exercises. We furthermore explored whether the height of the suspension point affects muscle activation and subjective difficulty. METHODS: Nineteen asymptomatic male participants were included. Three bridge exercise positions, supine bridge (SB), lateral bridge (LB), forward leaning (FL), and two exercise angles (15 and 30 degrees) were administered, thereby comparing six bridge exercise conditions with suspension devices. Surface electromyography and subjective difficulty data were collected. RESULTS: The rectus abdominis activity was significantly higher with the LB and FL exercises compared with the SB exercise (p< 0.05). The erector spinae muscle activity was significantly higher with the SB and LB exercises, compared with the FL exercise (p< 0.05). The LB exercise significantly increased the internal oblique muscle activity, compared with other exercise variations (p< 0.05). The inclination angle of the exercise only affected the internal oblique muscle and subjective difficulty, which were significantly higher at 30 degrees compared with 15 degrees (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Relatively higher inclination angle was not effective in overall activation of the trunk muscles; however, different bridge-type exercises could selectively activate the trunk muscles. The LB and SB exercises could be good options for stimulating the internal oblique abdominis, and the erector spinae muscle, while the FL exercise could minimize the erector spinae activity and activate the abdominal muscles.

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