EVALUATION OF SERUM FERRITIN AND SERUM IRON IN FREE-RANGING BLACK RHINOCEROS (DICEROS BICORNIS) AS A TOOL TO UNDERSTAND FACTORS AFFECTING IRON-OVERLOAD DISORDER

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 820-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Miller ◽  
Patricia Sue Chavey ◽  
Jennifer Hofmeyr ◽  
Nomkhosi Mathebula ◽  
Alyssa Doering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
Free Ranging

SERUM IRON AND SELECTED BIOCHEMICAL VALUES IN FREE-RANGING BLACK RHINOCEROS (DICEROS BICORNIS) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (3s) ◽  
pp. S55-S60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Miller ◽  
Francisco Olea-Popelka ◽  
Jennifer Joubert ◽  
Nomkhosi Mathebula ◽  
David Zimmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
Free Ranging

Correlation of Iron Profile with Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Presenting at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2013-2016
Author(s):  
Shahid Ishaq ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Hashim Raza ◽  
Khuram Rashid ◽  
Muhammad Imran Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Iron Profile

Aim: To determine correlation of iron profile in children with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) presenting to tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A total of 81 children with chronic kidney disease stage having glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 90 (ml/min/m2) aged 1 – 14 years of either sex were included. Three ml serum sample was taken in vial by hospital duty doctor for serum ferritin level, serum iron, transferrin saturation and total iron binding capacity. The sample was sent to hospital laboratory for reporting. Iron profiling was done evaluating hemoglobin (g/dl), serum iron (ug/dl), serum ferritin (ng/ml), transferrin saturation (%) and total iron binding capacity (ug/dl) while iron load was defined as serum ferritin levels above 300 ng/ml. Correlation of iron profile with different stages of CKD was determined applying one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: In a total 81 children, 46 (56.8%) were boys while overall mean age was 7.79±2.30 years. Mean duration on hemodialysis was 11.52 ± 9.97 months. Iron overload was observed in 26 (32.1%) children. Significant association of age above 7 years (p=0.031) and residential status as rural (p=0.017) was noted with iron overload whereas iron overload was increasing with increase in stages of CKD (p=0.002). Hemoglobin levels decreased significantly with increase in stages of CKD (p<0.001). Serum iron levels increased significantly with increase in the CKD stages (p=0.039). Serum ferritin levels were increasing significantly with the increase in CKD stages (p=0.031). Transferrin saturation also increased significant with increase in CKD stages (p=0.027). Conclusion: High frequency of iron overload was noted in children with CKD on maintenance hemodialysis and there was linear relationship with stages of CKD and iron overload. Significant correlation of hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation was observed with different stages of CKD. Keywords: Iron overload, maintenance hemodialysis, ferritin level.

Iron Overload Syndrome in the Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis): Microscopical Lesions and Comparison with Other Rhinoceros Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Olias ◽  
L. Mundhenk ◽  
M. Bothe ◽  
A. Ochs ◽  
A.D. Gruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis

Serial Temperature Monitoring and Comparison of Rectal and Muscle Temperatures in Immobilized Free-Ranging Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter vdB Morkel ◽  
Michele Miller ◽  
Mark Jago ◽  
Robin W. Radcliffe ◽  
Pierre du Preez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Monitoring ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
Free Ranging

Liver Iron Concentration Measurements Using MRI R2 in MDS Patients in a Deferasirox (Exjade®, ICL670) Phase II Study.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 4846-4846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Greenberg ◽  
Charles A. Schiffer ◽  
Charles Asa Koller ◽  
Barinder Kang ◽  
Jodie Decker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Ongoing Study ◽  
Liver Iron Concentration ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Calculated Creatinine Clearance ◽  
L 14

Abstract Introduction: Approximately 60% of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) require ongoing red blood cell transfusions, which can lead to significant iron overload and associated morbidities. Historically, many of these patients have not received iron chelation therapy due to burdensome administration of deferoxamine. Deferasirox (Exjade®, ICL670) is a once-daily, oral iron chelator recently approved for the treatment of chronic iron overload due to blood transfusions. This ongoing study is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of deferasirox in Low/Int-1-risk MDS patients. In addition, this is the first prospective, multicenter trial to evaluate liver iron concentration (LIC) using the MRI R2 parameter in this population. Methods: This ongoing study will enroll 30 patients at three US centers. Deferasirox will be administered at 20–30 mg/kg/day for 12 months. Iron burden is being monitored by monthly serum ferritin evaluations, and LIC by MRI R2 at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Serum iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation, labile plasma iron (LPI), and urinary hepcidin are being assessed throughout the study. In addition, serum creatinine, calculated creatinine clearance, echocardiograms and hematological status are being monitored. In this report, we are presenting the baseline data for the currently enrolled patients. Results: As of May 2006, 14 patients (9 male, 5 female; aged 55–81 years) were enrolled. All patients were Caucasian with equal distribution of Low- and Int-1-risk MDS. The mean interval from MDS diagnosis to screening was 4 years, ranging from &lt;1 to 12 years. The table summarizes baseline iron parameters in these patients: Parameter n Mean ± SD Median Range Normal range n/a, not applicable LIC, mg Fe/g dw 14 21.8 ± 11.0 23.5 3.8–40.5 &lt;1.3 Serum ferritin,μg/L 14 4645 ± 3804 3534.5 1433–15380 20–360 Serum iron, μg/dL 14 205.9 ± 26.5 200 165.9–252.0 50–160 Transferrin, mg/dL 14 143 ± 19 142.5 106–172 200–400 Transferrin saturation, % 14 113.8 ± 8.5 114 95–124 15–50 LPI, μmol/L 14 0.7 ± 0.7 0.6 0–1.9 0 Num. of lifetime transfusions 14 106.3 ± 115.5 47.5 30–352 n/a Renal function: Calculated creatinine clearance at baseline was normal (&gt;80 mL/min) in 46% of patients, mildly impaired (50–80 mL/min) in 46% and moderately impaired (30–50 mL/min) in 8% of patients. Hematological parameters: neutropenia (&lt;1800/μL): 1 patient; thrombocytopenia (&lt;100,000/μL): 3 patients; neutropenia and thrombocytopenia: 1 patient. Concurrent therapies: Revlimid: 2 patients; and hydroxyurea: 1 patient. Conclusions: Baseline iron burden in these patients demonstrates a high degree of iron overload, as measured by LIC via MRI, as well as serum ferritin, serum iron and transferrin saturation. Based on NCCN guidelines for the management of iron overload, the degree of iron overload observed meets criteria for treatment. This ongoing study is assessing the safety and efficacy of deferasirox in this population.

Disease Specific Modulation of Serum Hepcidin: Impact of GDF-15 and Iron Metabolism Markers in Thalassemia Major, Thalassemia Intermedia and Sickle Cell Disease: A Univariate and Multivariate Analysis.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3850-3850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Sayani ◽  
Sukhvinder Bansal ◽  
Patricia Evans ◽  
Aalim Weljie ◽  
Robert C Hider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Thalassemia Intermedia ◽  
Iron Load ◽  
Serum Hepcidin ◽  
Disease Specific

Abstract Background. Factors that determine net synthesis of hepcidin and hence iron absorption and distribution depend on a balance of competing factors which may be disease specific. Such factors include anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis (IE), transferrin saturation (Tf sat), iron overload and inflammation. Recently GDF-15, a marker of erythroid maturation and hence IE, has been linked with depression of hepcidin synthesis in vitro and showed elevated levels in beta thalassemia (Tanno et al, Nat Med, 2007). The relationship of hepcidin synthesis to iron overload in sickle cell disease (SCD) is not clear and may differ from thalassemia syndromes because IE is less marked. We wished to establish whether the dominant factors determining net hepcidin synthesis differed between patients with SCD and those with thalassemia intermedia (TI) and thalassemia major (TM). Patients and methods. Serum hepcidin was measured in hypertransfused (Hb&gt;9.5g/dl) patients with TM (n=18), untransfused or sporadically transfused patients with thalassemia intermedia TI (n=18), and multi-transfused patients with SCD (n=24), and related to markers of anemia, iron overload and erythroid expansion. A newly developed mass spectrometry assay (Bansal et al, Anal Biochem, 2008, In Press) was used to determine serum hepcidin. GDF-15 was measured by an ELISA assay. Multivariate analysis was performed using SIMCA-P software and partial least squares for discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), using samples from each of the clinical groups to investigate relationships between hepcidin, serum iron, non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI), transferrin saturation (Tf sat), serum ferritin, liver iron, transfusion history, erythropoietin, hemoglobin and GDF-15. Results. Serum hepcidin levels were higher in TM (13.9 ± 10.0 nmol/L) than SCD (8.51±8.16 nmol/L, p=0.043) whereas values in TI (3.82 ±3.56 nmol/L) were close to healthy controls (4.04 ± 2.06nmol/l). However, when SCD patients were matched for levels of anemia and iron load with TM, plasma hepcidin levels were similar or higher in SCD. GDF-15 values were highest for TI (11,444± 2177 ng/l), than TM (4117 ± 577 ng/l, P&lt;0.001), whilst SCD patients had the lowest values (1227 ± 208 ng/l, P&lt;0.001 vs TM). Univariate analysis in all patients grouped together showed positive correlations of hepcidin with serum ferritin (r=0.55, p &lt;0.0001) and level of anemia (r=0.27, p= 0.045). Disease specific relationships were identified: negative correlations of serum hepcidin with Tf sat (r=−0.43) and NTBI (r=−0.45) were found for TI and TM but not in SCD, whereas ferritin showed a positive correlation in TM and SCD (r=0.51 and r= 0.56) but not in TI. GDF-15 correlated negatively with hepcidin in TI (r=0.51) but showed no relationship in SCD or TM. Positive correlations of GDF-15 with markers of plasma iron metabolism were seen in TI such as serum iron (r= 0.56), NTBI (r=0.45) and transferrin saturation (r=0.45). These were not seen in TM and tended to be negative relationships (r= −0.45, r= 0.25, r=0.59 respectively). In multivariate analysis, the variables responsible for the separation of the 3 patient groups clustered in 3 major categories including iron handling (serum iron, transferrin saturation, NTBI), ineffective erythropoiesis (GDF-15) and iron loading (ferritin, transfusion history). Hepcidin co-clustered with the iron loading group and was inversely correlated with GDF-15. Conclusion. Competing regulatory effects on hepcidin synthesis differ between TM, TI and SCD. In TI, hepcidin synthesis is suppressed by IE as shown by a dominant effect of GDF-15. In TM, GDF-15 effects on plasma hepcidin are less marked, as IE is lower due to hypertransfusion. This difference is particularly striking in patients at UCLH due to the divergent transfusion policies between TI and TM. The dominant modulating factors in TM are positive relationships to iron load (serum ferritin) but negative relationship with NTBI, serum iron and Tf saturation. However it is not yet clear whether the relationship of NTBI to hepcidin implies direct negative regulatory effect. In multi-transfused SCD patients, GDF-15 (IE) and NTBI have insignificant relationships to plasma hepcidin, with iron load (ferritin) showing the dominant effect: other effects in SCD such as those of chronic inflammation were not examined but require further investigation.

scholarly journals Hyperferritinaemia in the absence of iron overload

Gut ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Arnold ◽  
A D Mumford ◽  
J O Lindsay ◽  
U Hegde ◽  
M Hagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Ferritin Concentration ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Ferritin Synthesis ◽  
Ferritin Gene

Background—Serum ferritin is normally a marker of iron overload. Ferritin genes are sited at chromosomes 19 and 11. Regulation of ferritin synthesis involves an interaction between an iron regulatory protein (IRP) and part of the ferritin mRNA designated the iron regulatory element (IRE). A disorder of ferritin synthesis resulting in hyperferritinaemia in the absence of iron overload has been described recently.Patients and methods—Hyperferriti- naemia in the absence of iron overload was detected in a patient who was investigated for possible haemochromatosis. Serum iron, transferrin saturation, and ferritin concentration were studied in 11 members of this patient’s family from three generations. Eight members had DNA samples analysed by direct cycle sequencing of the 5′ untranslated region of the L ferritin gene.Results—Six of the family members studied had serum ferritin concentrations greater than 900 μg/l. However, serum iron and transferrin saturation were normal in these subjects who all had evidence of cataracts. Three affected family members who had genetic studies of the L ferritin gene on chromosome 19 had an A to G point mutation which was not found in unaffected members.Conclusions—There was complete concordance between a mutated IRE, cataracts, and hyperferritinaemia in three generations of this family. This family study confirms the finding that hereditary hyperferritinaemia in the absence of iron overload is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder.

Population dynamics and future conservation of a free-ranging black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) population in Kenya

2001 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Walpole ◽  
M. Morgan-Davies ◽  
S. Milledge ◽  
P. Bett ◽  
N. Leader-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Cardiopulmonary Parameters and Arterial Blood Gases During Etorphine-Medetomidine-Midazolam Immobilization in Free-Ranging Black Rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) Undergoing Electro-Ejaculation—A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Meuffels ◽  
Imke Lueders ◽  
Henk Bertschinger ◽  
Ilse Luther-Binoir ◽  
Friederike Pohlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Muscle Rigidity ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Free Ranging

Conservation management interventions for the critically endangered black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) require immobilization, which offer opportunities for semen collection and cryopreservation to establish genetic reservoirs. In free-ranging rhinoceroses, a combination of the potent opioid etorphine and the tranquilizer azaperone is routinely used for chemical immobilization but is associated with muscle rigidity and severe cardiopulmonary changes. Additionally, azaperone inhibits semen emission. Seven free-ranging, male, sexually mature black rhinoceroses were immobilized with an alternative protocol consisting of 4.5 mg etorphine, 5 mg medetomidine, 50 mg midazolam and 2,500 IU hyaluronidase delivered remotely by darting from a helicopter. During the immobilization, electro-ejaculation was performed with a portable electro-ejaculator, and a species-specific rectal probe. Animals were observed for muscle tremors. Longitudinal changes in respiratory rate, heart rate and peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation, measured at 5 min intervals, were assessed using a general mixed model. Non-invasive oscillometric blood pressure and arterial blood gas variables were measured at first handling and before reversal and compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. All animals were successfully immobilized, showed no muscle tremors, presented with normal heart rates and lactate concentration (&lt;5 mmol/L), recovered uneventfully, but experienced acidemia, hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Induction time and total time in recumbency were 4.2 ± 0.41 and 38.4 ± 6.9 min, respectively. Electro-stimulation commenced after 11.7 ± 3.98 min and completed after 24.3 ± 6.65 min. Semen-rich fractions were successfully collected from six animals. Our observations indicate that etorphine-medetomidine-midazolam provides a promising immobilization protocol for free-ranging black rhinoceroses, that allows for successful electro-ejaculation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document