SERUM IRON AND SELECTED BIOCHEMICAL VALUES IN FREE-RANGING BLACK RHINOCEROS (DICEROS BICORNIS) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (3s) ◽  
pp. S55-S60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Miller ◽  
Francisco Olea-Popelka ◽  
Jennifer Joubert ◽  
Nomkhosi Mathebula ◽  
David Zimmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
Free Ranging

EVALUATION OF SERUM FERRITIN AND SERUM IRON IN FREE-RANGING BLACK RHINOCEROS (DICEROS BICORNIS) AS A TOOL TO UNDERSTAND FACTORS AFFECTING IRON-OVERLOAD DISORDER

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 820-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Miller ◽  
Patricia Sue Chavey ◽  
Jennifer Hofmeyr ◽  
Nomkhosi Mathebula ◽  
Alyssa Doering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
Free Ranging

Observations on the Pathology of Lesions Associated with Stephanofilaria dinniki Round, 1964 from the Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

1964 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Tremlett
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
Made In

In South Africa, a filarioid infestation has been associated with lesions in the skin of the black rhinoceros (Schulz and Kluge, 1960). Similar lesions had been reported earlier from Kenya, as consistently occurring in these animals but their aetiology was unknown (Spinage, 1960). Recently the opportunity occurred to examine lesion material from four black rhinoceros located in the Royal Tsavo National Park Kenya. From this material adult helminths were recovered and identified (Round, 1964), and further pathological studies made. In addition, one rhinoceros showed evidence of an otitis.

scholarly journals The reproductive success of black rhinoceroses in the Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoliswa N. Nhleko ◽  
Dan M. Parker ◽  
Dave J. Druce
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Ecological Carrying Capacity ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Target Period ◽  
The Mean

Black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) are endangered and the southern-central sub-species (Diceros bicornis minor) is considered critically endangered. We assessed the reproductive lifehistories of black rhinoceroses in Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park (HiP), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, to determine whether this historically important donor sub-population was meeting regional reproductive targets. Detailed life-history information for known individuals (n = 79–120) was used to investigate reproductive parameters between 1998 and 2013. Mean age at sexual maturity was 12 years, which exceeded a target period of 7 years and 5 months. The mean inter-calving interval was 3 years and 8 months – 8 months longer than the recommended 3 years. The poor population performance of the HiP black rhinoceroses could be a result of poor habitat quality, poor animal condition, females losing their first calves, predation of calves or a negative social effect of annual live-harvesting of the population. However, we believe that the estimated ecological carrying capacity of black rhinoceroses at HiP (a figure used to ascertain whether the population can be harvested at all) may be incorrect, leading to the poor reproductive performance. We recommend that the accuracy of the ecological carrying capacity estimate be assessed as a matter of urgency and that a moratorium be placed on the live-harvesting of individuals until the estimate has been refined.Conservation implications: Our results provide key data which can be used to refine black rhinoceros breeding targets in South Africa and the region more broadly

Serial Temperature Monitoring and Comparison of Rectal and Muscle Temperatures in Immobilized Free-Ranging Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter vdB Morkel ◽  
Michele Miller ◽  
Mark Jago ◽  
Robin W. Radcliffe ◽  
Pierre du Preez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Monitoring ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Habitat changes reduce the carrying capacity of Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park, South Africa, for Critically Endangered black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis

Oryx ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Reid ◽  
Rob Slotow ◽  
Owen Howison ◽  
Dave Balfour
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Habitat Changes ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Stocking Rates

AbstractThe Critically Endangered black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis occurs mainly in protected areas. Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park, South Africa, contains a key source population for black rhino conservation, and declining population productivity has been attributed to negative habitat changes and a reduction in carrying capacity. As home range increase may be an index of declining habitat quality we determined the home ranges of the black rhino in the Park and compared these ranges with previous estimates. The average size of the home ranges during 1991–2001 was 23.07 ± SE 0.81 km2, which is 54% greater than in the 1980s. Sex and the availability of water did not influence home ranges. Home ranges decreased in winter. Female:male ratios varied across the Park, indicating that one or both sexes may prefer specific areas. Changes in vegetation structure and composition may have caused rhino to maintain larger ranges in order to meet their nutritional requirements. Ongoing review of stocking rates, population performance (including indicators such as range size), and intervention strategies are necessary to manage black rhino in dynamic savannah ecosystems.

Population dynamics and future conservation of a free-ranging black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) population in Kenya

2001 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Walpole ◽  
M. Morgan-Davies ◽  
S. Milledge ◽  
P. Bett ◽  
N. Leader-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Cardiopulmonary Parameters and Arterial Blood Gases During Etorphine-Medetomidine-Midazolam Immobilization in Free-Ranging Black Rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) Undergoing Electro-Ejaculation—A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Meuffels ◽  
Imke Lueders ◽  
Henk Bertschinger ◽  
Ilse Luther-Binoir ◽  
Friederike Pohlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Muscle Rigidity ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Free Ranging

Conservation management interventions for the critically endangered black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) require immobilization, which offer opportunities for semen collection and cryopreservation to establish genetic reservoirs. In free-ranging rhinoceroses, a combination of the potent opioid etorphine and the tranquilizer azaperone is routinely used for chemical immobilization but is associated with muscle rigidity and severe cardiopulmonary changes. Additionally, azaperone inhibits semen emission. Seven free-ranging, male, sexually mature black rhinoceroses were immobilized with an alternative protocol consisting of 4.5 mg etorphine, 5 mg medetomidine, 50 mg midazolam and 2,500 IU hyaluronidase delivered remotely by darting from a helicopter. During the immobilization, electro-ejaculation was performed with a portable electro-ejaculator, and a species-specific rectal probe. Animals were observed for muscle tremors. Longitudinal changes in respiratory rate, heart rate and peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation, measured at 5 min intervals, were assessed using a general mixed model. Non-invasive oscillometric blood pressure and arterial blood gas variables were measured at first handling and before reversal and compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. All animals were successfully immobilized, showed no muscle tremors, presented with normal heart rates and lactate concentration (<5 mmol/L), recovered uneventfully, but experienced acidemia, hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Induction time and total time in recumbency were 4.2 ± 0.41 and 38.4 ± 6.9 min, respectively. Electro-stimulation commenced after 11.7 ± 3.98 min and completed after 24.3 ± 6.65 min. Semen-rich fractions were successfully collected from six animals. Our observations indicate that etorphine-medetomidine-midazolam provides a promising immobilization protocol for free-ranging black rhinoceroses, that allows for successful electro-ejaculation.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Infection due to Mycobacterium bovis in a Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor) in South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1187-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian W. Espie ◽  
Tiny M. Hlokwe ◽  
Nicolaas C. Gey van Pittius ◽  
Emily Lane ◽  
Adrian S. W. Tordiffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis

scholarly journals Rectal prolapse associated with a healed pelvic fracture in a pregnant free-ranging African black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). Part 1 : anaesthesia : case report

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Stegmann ◽  
M. Hofmeyr ◽  
A. Olivier ◽  
E. Lane ◽  
D.H. Volkmann
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Prolapse ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Muscle Rigidity ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Diceros Bicornis ◽  
African Black ◽  
Free Ranging

Anaesthesia was required in a heavily-pregnant, adult, free-ranging African black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis with a rectal prolapse for examination and possible treatment. The animal was immobilised with 4.5 mg etorphine and 60 mg azaperone. For continued observation, the immobilised animal was transported to a boma. Additional etorphine and azaperone were administered to keep the animal anaesthetised during treatment and transport. In addition, 15 mg nalorphine was administered during this time to improve ventilation and reduce muscle rigidity. Sixty hours later, in preparation for surgery, 2.5 mg etorphine and 40 mg azaperone were administered, followed by endotracheal intubation and halothane anaesthesia. During anaesthesia, a decrease in tidal volume was observed. Venous blood-gas analysis indicated a decrease in the oxygen partial pressure, and a mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis. Cardiac arrest was preceded by an increase in heart rate and tidal volume after 80 min of inhalation anaesthesia.

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