Surveillance for High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States, 2006–2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e9-e10
Author(s):  
Robert J. Dusek ◽  
J. Bradley Bortner ◽  
Thomas J. Deliberto ◽  
Jenny Hoskins ◽  
J. Christian Franson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Flyway ◽  
High Pathogenicity

Surveillance for High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States, 2006–2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Dusek ◽  
J. Bradley Bortner ◽  
Thomas J. DeLiberto ◽  
Jenny Hoskins ◽  
J. Christian Franson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Flyway ◽  
High Pathogenicity

scholarly journals The Pathobiology of H7N3 Low and High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses from the United States Outbreak in 2020 Differs between Turkeys and Chickens

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1851
Author(s):  
Miriã F. Criado ◽  
Christina M. Leyson ◽  
Sungsu Youk ◽  
Suzanne DeBlois ◽  
Tim Olivier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
High Pathogenicity ◽  
Commercial Turkey

An outbreak caused by H7N3 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) occurred in commercial turkey farms in the states of North Carolina (NC) and South Carolina (SC), United States in March of 2020. Subsequently, H7N3 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) was detected on a turkey farm in SC. The infectivity, transmissibility, and pathogenicity of the H7N3 HPAIV and two LPAIV isolates, including one with a deletion in the neuraminidase (NA) protein stalk, were studied in turkeys and chickens. High infectivity [<2 log10 50% bird infectious dose (BID50)] and transmission to birds exposed by direct contact were observed with the HPAIV in turkeys. In contrast, the HPAIV dose to infect chickens was higher than for turkeys (3.7 log10 BID50), and no transmission was observed. Similarly, higher infectivity (<2–2.5 log10 BID50) and transmissibility were observed with the H7N3 LPAIVs in turkeys compared to chickens, which required higher virus doses to become infected (5.4–5.7 log10 BID50). The LPAIV with the NA stalk deletion was more infectious in turkeys but did not have enhanced infectivity in chickens. These results show clear differences in the pathobiology of AIVs in turkeys and chickens and corroborate the high susceptibility of turkeys to both LPAIV and HPAIV infections.

scholarly journals Widespread detection of highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses in wild birds from the Pacific Flyway of the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Bevins ◽  
R. J. Dusek ◽  
C. L. White ◽  
T. Gidlewski ◽  
B. Bodenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Flyway

Avian Influenza Virus Prevalence in Migratory Waterfowl in the United States, 2007–2009

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Groepper ◽  
Thomas J. DeLiberto ◽  
Mark P. Vrtiska ◽  
Kerri Pedersen ◽  
Seth R. Swafford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Migratory Waterfowl ◽  
Virus Prevalence

scholarly journals Evaluating the role of wild songbirds or rodents in spreading avian influenza virus across an agricultural landscape

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek D. Houston ◽  
Shahan Azeem ◽  
Coady W. Lundy ◽  
Yuko Sato ◽  
Baoqing Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza A Viruses

Background Avian influenza virus (AIV) infections occur naturally in wild bird populations and can cross the wildlife-domestic animal interface, often with devastating impacts on commercial poultry. Migratory waterfowl and shorebirds are natural AIV reservoirs and can carry the virus along migratory pathways, often without exhibiting clinical signs. However, these species rarely inhabit poultry farms, so transmission into domestic birds likely occurs through other means. In many cases, human activities are thought to spread the virus into domestic populations. Consequently, biosecurity measures have been implemented to limit human-facilitated outbreaks. The 2015 avian influenza outbreak in the United States, which occurred among poultry operations with strict biosecurity controls, suggests that alternative routes of virus infiltration may exist, including bridge hosts: wild animals that transfer virus from areas of high waterfowl and shorebird densities. Methods Here, we examined small, wild birds (songbirds, woodpeckers, etc.) and mammals in Iowa, one of the regions hit hardest by the 2015 avian influenza epizootic, to determine whether these animals carry AIV. To assess whether influenza A virus was present in other species in Iowa during our sampling period, we also present results from surveillance of waterfowl by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources and Unites Stated Department of Agriculture. Results Capturing animals at wetlands and near poultry facilities, we swabbed 449 individuals, internally and externally, for the presence of influenza A virus and no samples tested positive by qPCR. Similarly, serology from 402 animals showed no antibodies against influenza A. Although several species were captured at both wetland and poultry sites, the overall community structure of wild species differed significantly between these types of sites. In contrast, 83 out of 527 sampled waterfowl tested positive for influenza A via qPCR. Discussion These results suggest that even though influenza A viruses were present on the Iowa landscape at the time of our sampling, small, wild birds and rodents were unlikely to be frequent bridge hosts.

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