scholarly journals Widespread detection of highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses in wild birds from the Pacific Flyway of the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Bevins ◽  
R. J. Dusek ◽  
C. L. White ◽  
T. Gidlewski ◽  
B. Bodenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Flyway

Surveillance for High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States, 2006–2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e9-e10
Author(s):  
Robert J. Dusek ◽  
J. Bradley Bortner ◽  
Thomas J. Deliberto ◽  
Jenny Hoskins ◽  
J. Christian Franson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Flyway ◽  
High Pathogenicity

Surveillance for High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States, 2006–2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Dusek ◽  
J. Bradley Bortner ◽  
Thomas J. DeLiberto ◽  
Jenny Hoskins ◽  
J. Christian Franson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Flyway ◽  
High Pathogenicity

scholarly journals H5N2 Avian Influenza Outbreak in Texas in 2004: the First Highly Pathogenic Strain in the United States in 20 Years?

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (17) ◽  
pp. 11412-11421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Won Lee ◽  
David E. Swayne ◽  
Jose A. Linares ◽  
Dennis A. Senne ◽  
David L. Suarez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Cleavage Site ◽  
Basic Amino Acid ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Single Point Mutation ◽  
Highly Pathogenic

ABSTRACT In early 2004, an H5N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) that met the molecular criteria for classification as a highly pathogenic AIV was isolated from chickens in the state of Texas in the United States. However, clinical manifestations in the affected flock were consistent with avian influenza caused by a low-pathogenicity AIV and the representative virus (A/chicken/Texas/298313/04 [TX/04]) was not virulent for experimentally inoculated chickens. The hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the TX/04 isolate was similar in sequence to A/chicken/Texas/167280-4/02 (TX/02), a low-pathogenicity AIV isolate recovered from chickens in Texas in 2002. However, the TX/04 isolate had one additional basic amino acid at the HA cleavage site, which could be attributed to a single point mutation. The TX/04 isolate was similar in sequence to TX/02 isolate in several internal genes (NP, M, and NS), but some genes (PA, PB1, and PB2) had sequence of a clearly different origin. The TX/04 isolate also had a stalk deletion in the NA gene, characteristic of a chicken-adapted AIV. By analyzing viruses constructed by in vitro mutagenesis followed by reverse genetics, we found that the pathogenicity of the TX/04 virus could be increased in vitro and in vivo by the insertion of an additional basic amino acid at the HA cleavage site and not by the loss of a glycosylation site near the cleavage site. Our study provides the genetic and biologic characteristics of the TX/04 isolate, which highlight the complexity of the polygenic nature of the virulence of influenza viruses.

scholarly journals The enigma of the apparent disappearance of Eurasian highly pathogenic H5 clade 2.3.4.4 influenza A viruses in North American waterfowl

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (32) ◽  
pp. 9033-9038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Krauss ◽  
David E. Stallknecht ◽  
Richard D. Slemons ◽  
Andrew S. Bowman ◽  
Rebecca L. Poulson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic

One of the major unresolved questions in influenza A virus (IAV) ecology is exemplified by the apparent disappearance of highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1, H5N2, and H5N8 (H5Nx) viruses containing the Eurasian hemagglutinin 2.3.4.4 clade from wild bird populations in North America. The introduction of Eurasian lineage HP H5 clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 IAV and subsequent reassortment with low-pathogenic H?N2 and H?N1 North American wild bird-origin IAVs in late 2014 resulted in widespread HP H5Nx IAV infections and outbreaks in poultry and wild birds across two-thirds of North America starting in November 2014 and continuing through June 2015. Although the stamping out strategies adopted by the poultry industry and animal health authorities in Canada and the United States—which included culling, quarantining, increased biosecurity, and abstention from vaccine use—were successful in eradicating the HP H5Nx viruses from poultry, these activities do not explain the apparent disappearance of these viruses from migratory waterfowl. Here we examine current and historical aquatic bird IAV surveillance and outbreaks of HP H5Nx in poultry in the United States and Canada, providing additional evidence of unresolved mechanisms that restrict the emergence and perpetuation of HP avian influenza viruses in these natural reservoirs.

Population Study of Canada Geese of Jackson Hole

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Samuel Zeveloff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Population Status ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Flyway ◽  
Jackson Hole

Between 1955 and 1974, the population of Canada geese in the United States almost doubled. Despite this trend, populations in the Pacific Flyway appear to have declined 10 percent (Bell rose 1976) and the causes for the decrease are not obvious. During earlier work, Dimmick (1968) concluded that the 1964 breeding population in Jackson Hole was stabilized at approximately 300 birds with 40-47 percent consisting of breeding pairs. The current status of the goose population is not known and the effects of dramatic changes in land use on the birds is undetermined. Therefore, this study will attempt to compare current conditions and the resulting population status with those of the early 1960's and the late 1940's (Craighead and Craighead 1949).

Petrels collected by Titian Ramsay Peale in the Pacific Ocean during the United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. P. BOURNE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Important Type ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

The report by Titian Ramsay Peale on birds encountered during the Wilkes Expedition was withdrawn for inaccuracy when few copies had been distributed, and re-written by John Cassin. A survey of the accounts of the petrels shows that this was not an improvement. Two important type localities for Procellaria brevipes and Thalassidroma lineata are probably wrong, and could be exchanged.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document