Inedited Letters of Fulvio Orsini to Antonio Agustin

PMLA ◽  
1913 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-593
Author(s):  
J. P. Wickersham Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Important Place

Among the classical scholars in Spain in the latter half of the sixteenth century, Antonio Agustín occupies an important place. Born on March 4, 1517 at Saragossa, he attended the Universities of Alcalá and Salamanca, and in 1536 went to Italy and studied at Bologna and Padua. During a second sojourn at Bologna, he profited by the instruction of Andrea Alciato and became acquainted with the methods of the nova jurisprudentia, which sought to replace the study of scholastic commentators by careful consultation of the original sources. He went to Florence in 1541 to study the celebrated manuscript of the Pandects and there prepared his great work, Emendationum et opinionum libri, in which he questioned the accuracy of Politian's collation of the famous manuscript. This work was published at Venice in 1543 and won him the esteem of the most noted scholars of the time, a remarkable achievement for the young man of twenty-six years.

A Macroregional Perspective on Chiefly Cycling in the Central Region of Panama During the Late Ceramic Ii Period (A.D. 700–1522)

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam C. J. Menzies ◽  
Mikael J. Haller
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Prestige Goods ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
The Pacific

AbstractThe sixteenth-century indigenous societies who inhabited the Pacific plains of Panama have occupied an important place in discussions of social hierarchy in the Americas. Beginning with the discovery of the richly stocked tombs at Sitio Conte in the 1930s the origins of social hierarchy and wealth accumulation has been a key theme in the Central Region of Panama. Although the most lavish burial hoards at Sitio Conte contained hundreds of sumptuary goods elaborately decorated with cosmological iconography, no other contemporary cemetery shows evidence for this degree of wealth accumulation. The only other site with mortuary patterning suggestive of high ranking individuals is He-4, where high ranking mound burials were interred following the abandonment of the Sitio Conte cemetery. From a macroregional perspective the increase in access to prestige goods in mound burials at He-4 contemporaneous with, or immediately after, the decline of Sitio Conte is best explained as a result of changes in political organization of the kind often associated with the growth and decline of chiefly polities.

scholarly journals PERAN ORANG CINA DALAM PEREKONOMIAN KESULTANAN ISLAM BANTEN ABAD XVI-XVIII

ALQALAM ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Siti Fauziah
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Work Ethos

The Chinese people play a great role in the World economy, especially in Indonesia, both in the past and at present. From the sixteenth century to the eighteenth century, as the revival period of Muslim trade signed by the growth of the emporiums in several Islamic kingdom areas, Chinese traders gave a large contribution to the economic development, especially in the Banten Sultanate at the time. The great work ethos of Chinese has caused them, successful in dominating business in many countries.The existence of Chinese people in Banten in the past was much different from that of European people who came into Banten to colonize and to arise the economic and political tensions in the Banten sultanate. In the Sultanate period, the Chinese people played a significant role not only in the trading sector of Banten, but also in its monetary sector so that they had a great influence to the socio-economic changes in Banten. The Chinese traders in Banten was considered by Dutch as a serious threat for Dutch trade in Banten. However, the Chinese skill and their social status in the community were frequently made use of by Dutch people for their own trade interest.

Raphaels Vitruvius and Marcantonio Raimondi‘s Caryatid Façade

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-127
Author(s):  
Kathleen W. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Architectural Ornament

Marcantonio Raimondis so-called Caryatid Façade has received scant attention, yet it occupies an important place in the printmakers oeuvre and was widely admired and imitated in the sixteenth century. The image, which features an architectural façade adorned with Caryatid and Persian porticoes and an oversized female capital, does not fit easily with the usual narrative about Raimondis career in Rome, summed up in Vasaris account that he collaborated with Raphael to publicise the masters storie. Rather than being an illustration of a religious or mythological subject, it brings together architectural fantasia, archaeology and Vitruvian studies, reflecting on the origins of the orders and the nature of architectural ornament. Arguably, it is also an indirect trace of Raphaels unfinished projects to reconstruct Rome and to collaborate with humanist Fabio Calvo and others on a new, illustrated edition of Vitruvius.

scholarly journals Tuhfah al-Mursalah ila Ruh al-Nabiy as the Source of the Doctrine Seven Grades of Being in the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago

Teosofia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Faudzinaim Badaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Muslim Scholar ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
Islamic Principle ◽  
Insight Into

The doctrine of seven grades of Being (Martabat Tujuh) has been widely known to be a sufi interpretation of God’s Oneness (al-Tawhid). It originated in the subcontinent of India in the early seventeenth century. The doctrine was later introduced in Aceh and gained popularity among the Malay sufi authors and practitioners until the present day. Amid its wide acceptance, the teaching has long been considered by many scholars to be incompatible with the Islamic principle teachings of God’s Unity. The purpose of this article is to give an insight into the background of the writing of the Tuhfah al-Mursalah Ila Ruh al-Nabiyy and to establish its credibility as an authentic Islamic work by a recognized Muslim sufi scholar. To achieve its objectives, data of this writing was gathered through the usage of document analysis and then described using deducted and inducted analysis. This article found that the Tuhfah al-Mursalah was originally written to combatting misinterpretation of the teaching of wahdat al-wujud in the subcontinent India. It was later exported to the Aceh in the early sixteenth century. The work was written by a knowledgeable and important Indian Muslim sufi scholar. His credentials as a Muslim scholar were testified with few commentaries on the Tuhfah al-Mursalah by famous and well-known Muslim scholars in the Muslim world. Therefore, this work occupies an important place in providing a true comprehension of the doctrine of seven grades of Being.

Maxims of Foreign Policy

Itinerario ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
W.J. Boot
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
Japanese Identity

In the pre-modern period, Japanese identity was articulated in contrast with China. It was, however, articulated in reference to criteria that were commonly accepted in the whole East-Asian cultural sphere; criteria, therefore, that were Chinese in origin.One of the fields in which Japan's conception of a Japanese identity was enacted was that of foreign relations, i.e. of Japan's relations with China, the various kingdoms in Korea, and from the second half of the sixteenth century onwards, with the Portuguese, Spaniards, Dutchmen, and the Kingdom of the Ryūkū.

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