scholarly journals Performances of Dry Matter and Seed Production under Narrow-Row-Dense-Planting Culture of Soybean Cultivar, Sachiyutaka, in South-Western Japan

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masami Furuhata ◽  
Hirohiko Morita ◽  
Hiroshi Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
Narrow Row

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Improves Sesame Yield by Increasing Dry Matter Accumulation and Reducing Seed Shattering Under Rainfed Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood ◽  
Ghulam Qadir ◽  
Obaid Afzal ◽  
Atta Mohi Ud Din ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Leaf Greenness

AbstractSeveral biotic and abiotic stresses significantly decrease the biomass accumulation and seed yield of sesame crops under rainfed areas. However, plant growth regulators (such as Paclobutrazol) can improve the total dry matter and seed production of the sesame crop. The effects of the paclobutrazol application on dry matter accumulation and seed yield had not been studied before in sesame under rainfed conditions. Therefore, a two-year field study during 2018 and 2019 was conducted with key objectives to assess the impacts of paclobutrazol on leaf greenness, leaf area, total dry matter production and partitioning, seed shattering, and seed yield of sesame. Two sesame cultivars (TS-5 and TS-3) were treated with four paclobutrazol concentrations (P0 = Control, P1 = 100 mg L−1, P2 = 200 mg L−1, P3 = 300 mg L−1). The experiment was executed in RCBD-factorial design with three replications. Compared with P0, treatment P3 improved the leaf greenness of sesame by 17%, 38%, and 60% at 45, 85, and 125 days after sowing, respectively. However, P3 treatment decreased the leaf area of sesame by 14% and 20% at 45 and 85 days after sowing than P0, respectively. Compared with P0, treatment P3 increased the leaf area by 46% at 125 days after sowing. On average, treatment P3 also improved the total biomass production by 21% and partitioning in roots, stems, leaves, capsules, and seeds by 23%, 19%, 23%, 22%, and 40%, respectively, in the whole growing seasons as compared to P0. Moreover, under P3 treatment, sesame attained the highest seed yield and lowest seed shattering by 27% and 30%, respectively, compared to P0. This study indicated that by applying the paclobutrazol concentration at the rate of 300 mg L−1 in sesame, the leaf greenness, leaf areas, biomass accumulation, partitioning, seed yield, and shatter resistance could be improved. Thus, the optimum paclobutrazol level could enhance the dry matter accumulation and seed production capacity of sesame by decreasing shattering losses under rainfed conditions.

scholarly journals Seed Production, Dry Matter Production, and Light Intercepting Characteristics of Soybean Cultivar‘Misato-zairai’

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Nagasuga ◽  
Shunsuke Uchida ◽  
Hideyuki Kaji ◽  
Yuki Hayakawa ◽  
Sumiyo Nose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production

Physiology of growth and seed production in Lupinus angustifolius L. III. Effects of defoliation and lateral branch excision on dry matter and seed production at different growth temperatures

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Downes ◽  
JS Gladstones
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Cool Conditions

Plants of Lupinus angustifolius cv. Unicrop were raised at 27/22 or 21/16�C dayhight temperatures until flowering. They were then either grown on to maturity at these conditions or moved to the other regime. Branches were removed as they started to develop and leaves were removed at the start of flowering so that 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 upper leaves or all 21 leaves were retained. Conditions before flowering determined potential pod number. Defoliation treatments revealed that under favourably cool conditions all leaves contributed to seed yield but in treatments involving 27/22'C there was no seed yield response to more than about six leaves, emphasizing the significance of environmental conditions rather than current assimilate on pod set and other yield components. In another experiment, plants were raised to flowering at 27/22, 21/16 or 15/10�C before flowering, when all were moved to 21/16�C. Half the plants were allowed to develop branches and on the remainder branch buds were removed. Branch and stem growth appeared to provide severe competition for the development of the primary inflorescence. Though branching was much more pronounced in plants at 15/10�C before flowering than in other treatments, vegetative development exceeded reproductive investment and harvest index was low under these conditions. It was suggested that there appears to be a need to develop and evaluate unbranched or less-branched lupin genotypes.

Intraspecific competition in experimental populations of weeds

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1415-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marc Deschênes
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Respective Species

Red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), and mouse-eared chickweed (Cerastium vulgatum L.) were seeded at six densities under greenhouse conditions. Total dry matter production per pot (shoots and roots) increased as density increased for every species until a point was reached where a further increase of the density did not result in a higher production per pot. All species produced about the same shoot yield per pot. Root production per pot, however, was different among the species. The shoot–root ratio was the highest for mouse-eared chickweed, the lowest for red fescue, and intermediate for yarrow. All species exhibited fairly high germination and very low mortality, except yarrow. The three species displayed considerable plasticity in yield and in seed production per pot from low to high densities. The reproductive behavior varied between the species. Red fescue remained vegetative. Sexual reproduction of yarrow decreased drastically with increasing density. Mouse-eared chickweek maintained a large seed production over the whole range of densities. The population of the respective species seemed regulated by (1) individual plasticity and vegetative reproduction (red fescue), (2) individual plasticity, mortality, and limited seed production (yarrow), and (3) individual plasticity and high seed production (mouse-eared chickweed).

Effects of row spacing and plant population on sweet sorghum yield

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (126) ◽  
pp. 386 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Martin ◽  
FM Kelleher
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) was grown in an irrigated field trial at Richmond, New South Wales, to determine the effects of row spacing (30, 75, and 105 cm) and plant population (8 and 16 plants/m2) on yields of water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and dry matter. For both plant populations, narrow row spacing resulted in significantly greater dry matter and WSC yield, especially at seed maturity. Total dry matter and WSC yield also increased with increased plant population from 8 to 16 plants/m2. Much of the WSC yield advantage of reduced row spacing was attributed to greater photosynthetic productivity before anthesis, which resulted in higher WSC yield at anthesis and the production of taller, thicker stems, the volume of which was closely related to post-anthesis WSC accumulation

The effect of copper supply on vegetative and seed yield of pasture legumes and the field calibration of a tissue test for detecting copper deficiency. II. Strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum L.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 833
Author(s):  
JD McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Critical Range ◽  
Matter Production

Seven rates of copper were applied to the soil prior to the sowing of strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferumL. cv. Palestine) on an alkaline peat deficient in copper. Symptoms of copper deficiency were evident only on the untreated plots where the clover did not set seed nor persist into the second year.Over five years� production, 1.0 kg Cu/ha continued to provide adequate copper, with regular dressings of superphosphate, for maximum dry matter production and seed yield. It was found that seed yield was more sensitive than vegetative dry matter yield to sub-optimal copper supply. At the lowest rate of applied copper (0.125 kg/ha), the vegetative yield ranged from 53% to 80% of the maximum harvest yield, whereas the seed yield ranged from 15% to 50% of maximum yield.For tissue sampled in the spring, the proposed critical range for copper concentration in the youngest open leaf (YOL) for vegetative dry matter production is 3-35 mg Cu/kg whereas that for seed production is 4.5-5.5 mg Cu/kg. At other times of the year the critical concentrations were higher. It was not clear if this was due to environmental conditions or changing internal requirements for copper.The critical copper concentration range in whole top (WT) tissue of 3.0-4.0 mg/kg for vegetative dry matter production could be applied to all samplings. For seed yield the critical range for copper concentration in WT was 4.0-5.0 mg/kg for the spring harvests. The critical copper concentration in seed for seed production was 5.0-6.0 mg/kg. In the pasture situation a critical concentration of 5.0-6.0 mg Cu/kg in the WT should be adopted when the animal requirement is considered.

Analysis of seed production and its association with forage production and agronomic traits in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) under different moisture conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Saeidnia ◽  
M. M. Majidi ◽  
A. Mirlohi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Stress Environments

Genetic analysis of seed production and the effect of water stress on seed and forage production have not been addressed simultaneously in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Thirty-six genotypes of orchardgrass were clonally propagated and evaluated in the field under two moisture environments (normal and water stress) during 3 years (2013–15). A high degree of variation was observed among genotypes for all of the measured traits. Water stress had a negative effect on seed weight per plant and dry matter biomass per plant, and it reduced genotypic variation for most of the traits. A significant and positive correlation was found between seed weight per plant and dry matter biomass per plant, which suggested that simultaneous selection for both traits is possible in normal as well as water-stress environments. The results also indicated that traits explaining seed and forage production variability were not exactly the same in water-stress and non-stress environments. Therefore, indirect selection based on seed weight and dry matter biomass components under normal and water-stress conditions may result in genotypes with different performances. In both normal and water-stress environments, some genotypes were identified as superior with respect to high seed weight and dry matter biomass per plant. These genotypes can be used for further studies to improve seed weight and dry matter biomass per plant, simultaneously.

Phenology, Reproductive-Biology and Seed Development in Four Rush and Sedge Species From Western Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Meney ◽  
KW Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Study Species

Four species of Restionaceae and Cyperaceae from the Mediterranean-type climate region of Western Australia were studied to determine factor(s) limiting their reproductive performance. Ecdeiocolea monostachya (Ecdeiocoleaceae), Lepidobolus chaetocephalus (Restionaceae), Restio aff. sphacelatus (Restionaceae) and Mesomelaena pseudostygia (Cyperaceae) differed in the pattern of dry matter partitioning and phenological patterns. All species were moderately efficient at remobilising dry matter from senescing vegetative organs, maintaining constant tissue water to dry matter content in mature organs over the study period regardless of soil moisture availability. In situ nutrient and water supplements of study species did not elicit improved seed production or significant increases in dry matter accumulation (except for current and old culms of E. monostachya and spikelets of L. chaetocephalus). For all study species except L. chaetocephalus, seed production was low, while herbivore activity, insect predation andlor infection by a smut (Tolyposporium lepidiboli) reduced seed production potential in L. chaetocephalus and E. monostachya. Attempts at seed germination for all study species were not successful. Extracted embryos from mature seed of all species cultured in vitro grew rapidly, providing a reliable method for propagation of study species.

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