scholarly journals A Vertical Hole in Compacted Soil Improved Plant Growth and Water Use of an Upland Rice during the Vegetative Stage.

1997 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-506
Author(s):  
Tohru KOBATA ◽  
Murshidul Md. HOQUE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Vertical Hole

scholarly journals Chickpea genotypes contrasting for seed yield under terminal drought stress in the field differ for traits related to the control of water use

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mainassara Zaman-Allah ◽  
David M. Jenkinson ◽  
Vincent Vadez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Canopy Conductance ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is often exposed to terminal drought, and deep, profuse rooting has been proposed as the main breeding target to improve terminal drought tolerance. This work tested whether plant water use at the vegetative stage and under non-limited water conditions could relate to the degree of sensitivity of chickpea to terminal drought. Transpiration response to a range of vapour pressure deficits under controlled and outdoor conditions was measured with canopy conductance using gravimetric measurements and thermal imagery in eight chickpea genotypes with comparable phenology and contrasting seed yield under terminal drought in the field. Additionally, the response of plant growth and transpiration to progressive soil moisture depletion was assayed in the same genotypes. Drought-tolerant genotypes had a lower canopy conductance under fully irrigated conditions at the vegetative stage; this trend was reversed at the early pod filling stage. While two sensitive genotypes had high early growth vigour and leaf development, there was a trend of lower growth in tolerant genotypes under progressive soil drying than in sensitive ones. Tolerant genotypes also exhibited a decline of transpiration in wetter soil compared to sensitive genotypes. Canopy conductance could be proxied by measuring leaf temperature with an infrared camera, although the relationship lost sensitivity at the pod filling stage. This work suggests that some traits contribute to water saving when water does not limit plant growth and development in drought-tolerant chickpea. It is hypothesised that this water would be available for the reproduction and grain filling stages.

scholarly journals Drought tolerance in selected aerobic and upland rice varieties is driven by different metabolic and antioxidative responses

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Melandri ◽  
Hamada AbdElgawad ◽  
Kristýna Floková ◽  
Diaan C. Jamar ◽  
Han Asard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Antioxidative Response ◽  
Biomass Loss ◽  
Osmotic Acclimation

Abstract Main conclusions Sugar-mediated osmotic acclimation and a strong antioxidative response reduce drought-induced biomass loss at the vegetative stage in rice. Abstract A clear understanding of the physiological and biochemical adaptations to water limitation in upland and aerobic rice can help to identify the mechanisms underlying their tolerance to low water availability. In this study, three indica rice varieties-IR64 (lowland), Apo (aerobic), and UPL Ri-7 (upland)-, that are characterized by contrasting levels of drought tolerance, were exposed to drought at the vegetative stage. Drought-induced changes in biomass, leaf metabolites and oxidative stress markers/enzyme activities were analyzed in each variety at multiple time points. The two drought-tolerant varieties, Apo and UPL Ri-7 displayed a reduced water use in contrast to the susceptible variety IR64 that displayed high water consumption and consequent strong leaf dehydration upon drought treatment. A sugar-mediated osmotic acclimation in UPL Ri-7 and a strong antioxidative response in Apo were both effective in limiting the drought-induced biomass loss in these two varieties, while biomass loss was high in IR64, also after recovery. A qualitative comparison of these results with the ones of a similar experiment conducted in the field at the reproductive stage showed that only Apo, which also in this stage showed the highest antioxidant power, was able to maintain a stable grain yield under stress. Our results show that different metabolic and antioxidant adaptations confer drought tolerance to aerobic and upland rice varieties in the vegetative stage. The effectiveness of these adaptations differs between developmental stages. Unraveling the genetic control of these mechanisms might be exploited in breeding for new rice varieties adapted to water-limited environments.

MODIFICATION OF MICROCLIMATE CONDITIONS FOR IMPROVING TOMATO PLANT GROWTH COMPONENTS AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Wafaa Abd El-Bary ◽  
Mahmoud Hegazi ◽  
Khaled El-Bagoury ◽  
Wael Sultan ◽  
Manal Mubarak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Microclimate Conditions

scholarly journals Plant Growth Modulates Metabolites and Biological Activities in Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariem Saada ◽  
Hanen Falleh ◽  
Marcelo Catarino ◽  
Susana Cardoso ◽  
Riadh Ksouri
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Retama Raetam ◽  
Physiological Stage ◽  
Main Class

This work focuses on the variability of Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb bioactive compounds as a function of the plant cycle. The main results showed that it exhibited the highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids, along with superior levels of vitamin C and total phenolic compounds (66.49%, 645.6 mg·100 g−1 FW and 23.9 mg GAE·g−1, respectively) at the vegetative stage. Instead, at the flowering and mature fruiting stages, R. raetam (Forssk.) Webb exhibited notable contents of proline (25.4 μmol·g−1 DW) and carotenoids (27.2 μg·g−1 FW), respectively. The gathered data concerning the antioxidant activity highlighted the effectiveness of the vegetative stage in comparison to the other periods. Actually, IC50 and EC50 values of the hydromethanolic extract obtained from the plant shoots at the vegetative stage were of 23, 380, 410, 1160 and 960 μg·mL−1 (DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals scavenging activity, reducing power, chelating power and β-carotene bleaching activity, respectively). Furthermore, the four studied stages showed appreciable antibacterial capacities against human pathogens with a higher efficiency of the vegetative stage extract. Finally, the LC-DAD-ESI/MSn analysis revealed the predominance of isoflavonoids as main class of phenolic compounds and demonstrates that individual phenolic biosynthesis was clearly different as a function of plant growth. These findings highlight that reaching the optimum efficiency of R. raetam (Forssk.) Webb is closely linked to the physiological stage.

scholarly journals Evaluating On-demand Irrigation Systems for Container-grown Woody Plants Grown in Biochar-amended Pine Bark

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1891-1896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastaran Basiri Jahromi ◽  
Amy Fulcher ◽  
Forbes Walker ◽  
James Altland ◽  
Wesley Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Total Water ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Substrate Moisture ◽  
Silver Dollar ◽  
Conventional Irrigation

Controlling irrigation using timers or manually operated systems is the most common irrigation scheduling method in outdoor container production systems. Improving irrigation efficiency can be achieved by scheduling irrigation based on plant water needs and the appropriate use of sensors rather than relying on periodically adjusting irrigation volume based on perceived water needs. Substrate amendments such as biochar, a carbon (C)-rich by-product of pyrolysis or gasification, can increase the amount of available water and improve irrigation efficiency and plant growth. Previous work examined two on-demand irrigation schedules in controlled indoor (greenhouse) environments. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of these on-demand irrigation schedules and hardwood biochar on water use and biomass gain of container-grown Hydrangea paniculata ‘Silver Dollar’ in a typical outdoor nursery production environment. Eighteen independently controlled irrigation zones were designed to test three irrigation schedules on ‘Silver Dollar’ hydrangea grown in pine bark amended with 0% or 25% hardwood biochar. The three irrigation schedules were conventional irrigation and two on-demand schedules, which were based on substrate physical properties or plant physiology. Conventional irrigation delivered 1.8 cm water in one event each day. The scheduling of substrate-based irrigation was based on the soilless substrate moisture characteristic curve, applying water whenever the substrate water content corresponding to a substrate water potential of –10 kPa was reached. The plant-based irrigation schedule was based on a specific substrate moisture content derived from a previously defined relationship between substrate moisture content and photosynthetic rate, maintaining the volumetric water content (VWC) to support photosynthesis at 90% of the maximum predicted photosynthetic rate. Total water use for the substrate-based irrigation was the same as for the conventional system; the plant-based system used significantly less water. However, plant dry weight was 22% and 15% greater, water use efficiency (WUE) was 40% and 40% greater, and total leachate volume was 25% and 30% less for the substrate-based and plant-based irrigation scheduling systems, respectively, than for conventional irrigation. The 25% biochar amendment rate reduced leachate volume per irrigation event, and leaching fraction, but did not affect total water use or plant dry weight. This research demonstrated that on-demand irrigation scheduling that is plant based or substrate based could be an effective approach to increase WUE for container-grown nursery crops without affecting plant growth negatively.

scholarly journals Agronomic Biofortification of Cayenne Pepper Cultivars with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Chili Residue in a Chinese Solar Greenhouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2398
Author(s):  
Ibraheem Olamide Olasupo ◽  
Qiuju Liang ◽  
Chunyi Zhang ◽  
Md Shariful Islam ◽  
Yansu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Agronomic Biofortification

Agronomic biofortification of horticultural crops using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) under crop residue incorporation systems remains largely underexploited. Bacillus subtilis (B1), Bacillus laterosporus (B2), or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B3) was inoculated on soil containing chili residue, while chili residue without PGPR (NP) served as the control. Two hybrid long cayenne peppers, succeeding a leaf mustard crop were used in the intensive cultivation study. Net photosynthesis, leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic water use efficiency, shoot and root biomass, and fruit yield were evaluated. Derivatives of folate, minerals, and nitrate contents in the pepper fruits were also assessed. B1 elicited higher net photosynthesis and photosynthetic water use efficiency, while B2 and B3 had higher transpiration rates than B1 and NP. B1 and B3 resulted in 27–36% increase in pepper fruit yield compared to other treatments, whereas B3 produced 24–27.5% and 21.9–27.2% higher 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and total folate contents, respectively, compared to B1 and NP. However, chili residue without PGPR inoculation improved fruit calcium, magnesium, and potassium contents than the inoculated treatments. ‘Xin Xian La 8 F1’ cultivar had higher yield and plant biomass, fruit potassium, total soluble solids, and total folate contents compared to ‘La Gao F1.’ Agronomic biofortification through the synergy of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and chili residue produced better yield and folate contents with a trade-off in the mineral contents of the greenhouse-grown long cayenne pepper.

scholarly journals Shade Intensity Influences Water Use and Growth of Three Viburnum Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjina Shrestha ◽  
Janet C. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Necrosis ◽  
Growth Quality

Water use, growth, and leaf necrosis of Burkwood viburnum, Korean spice viburnum, and leatherleaf viburnum were evaluated on plants grown in 0 (full sun), 30, or 60% shade during 2010 and 2011. In both years, total water use of Burkwood viburnum decreased with increased shade intensity. Water use of leatherleaf viburnum was lowest in 0% and highest in 30% shade. Daily water use was lower in 0% than in 30 or 60% shade for leatherleaf viburnum plants in August of both years and September of 2010 due to greater leaf necrosis, leaf abscission, and less growth in height and width. In both years, growth in height and width, and leaf number at harvest generally increased in all three species with increased shade intensity. All species had a larger leaf area, stem dry weight, and root dry weight in 30 and 60% than in 0% shade. Shade intensity did not influence root to shoot (R/S) ratio in Burkwood viburnum in 2010, but in 2011, a curvilinear relationship occurred between R/S ratio and shade intensity. Root to shoot ratio of Korean spice and leatherleaf viburnum decreased linearly in 2010 but curvilinearly in 2011 with increasing shade. Leaf necrosis ratings were lower in shaded plants of all three species in both years. Results indicate that greater plant growth, quality, and water use efficiency occurs when these three viburnum species are grown in shade than when they are grown in full sun.

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