scholarly journals Chickpea genotypes contrasting for seed yield under terminal drought stress in the field differ for traits related to the control of water use

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mainassara Zaman-Allah ◽  
David M. Jenkinson ◽  
Vincent Vadez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Canopy Conductance ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is often exposed to terminal drought, and deep, profuse rooting has been proposed as the main breeding target to improve terminal drought tolerance. This work tested whether plant water use at the vegetative stage and under non-limited water conditions could relate to the degree of sensitivity of chickpea to terminal drought. Transpiration response to a range of vapour pressure deficits under controlled and outdoor conditions was measured with canopy conductance using gravimetric measurements and thermal imagery in eight chickpea genotypes with comparable phenology and contrasting seed yield under terminal drought in the field. Additionally, the response of plant growth and transpiration to progressive soil moisture depletion was assayed in the same genotypes. Drought-tolerant genotypes had a lower canopy conductance under fully irrigated conditions at the vegetative stage; this trend was reversed at the early pod filling stage. While two sensitive genotypes had high early growth vigour and leaf development, there was a trend of lower growth in tolerant genotypes under progressive soil drying than in sensitive ones. Tolerant genotypes also exhibited a decline of transpiration in wetter soil compared to sensitive genotypes. Canopy conductance could be proxied by measuring leaf temperature with an infrared camera, although the relationship lost sensitivity at the pod filling stage. This work suggests that some traits contribute to water saving when water does not limit plant growth and development in drought-tolerant chickpea. It is hypothesised that this water would be available for the reproduction and grain filling stages.

scholarly journals Pattern of Water Use and Seed Yield under Terminal Drought in Chickpea Genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayin Pang ◽  
Neil C. Turner ◽  
Yan-Lei Du ◽  
Timothy D. Colmer ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Terminal Drought

Growth, development and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in the lowland tropics:2. Effect of reduced assimilatory capacity

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Tayo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Seed Yields

SUMMARYIn two field trials in 1980, 33, 67 or 100% of the leaves on pigeon pea (cv. Cita-1) plants were removed either at the vegetative stage, the onset of flowering, or at the rapid pod-filling stage, in order to evaluate the effect of reduced assimilatory capacity on the growth and yield characteristics of the crop.Reduction in the assimilatory capacity of the plant led to significant reduction in the vegetative growth, dry-matter accumulation and seed yield of the defoliated plants compared with the undefoliated control such that 33, 67 or 100% defoliation led to 15–55, 40–60 and 75–80% reduction in seed yield respectively, at both trials. Also, defoliation was more damaging to crop performance if carried out from the onset of flowering than at the vegetative stage. Thus, the seed yields of plants defoliated at the onset of flowering and the rapid pod-filling stage were 30–80 and 40–45 % lower than the yield from plants defoliated at the vegetative stage in both trials.

scholarly journals Character association and path co-efficient analysis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-588
Author(s):  
MF Amin ◽  
M Hasan ◽  
NCD Barma ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

The experiment was carried out with 50 wheat lines to study their mean, range, cv (%), correlation co- efficient, and path co- efficient considering 14 different morphological characters at the experimental field of Regional Wheat Research Centre (RWRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during December 2010 to April 2011. Significant variation was observed among the genotypes for all characters studied. In general, genotypic correlations were higher than the phenotypic correlations. It indicates that there was an inherent association among them which was adversely influenced by the environment. The correlation coefficients showed that, seed yield was negatively and significantly correlated with days to heading (DTH), plant height (PHT), days to anthesis (DTA), days to physiological maturity (DPM), and canopy temperature at anthesis stage (CTanth.) but only negatively correlated with canopy temperature at vegetative stage (CTveg.), canopy temperature at grain filling stage (CTgf.), spikelets per spike both genotypically and phenotypically and grain per spike showed genotypically negative correlation. Path analysis showed that plant height (PHT), days to physiological maturity (DPM), canopy temperature at grain filling stage (CTgf.), and thousand grain weight (TGW) influenced seed yield directly in positive direction but days to heading (DTH), days to anthesis (DTA), grain filling duration (GFD), grain filling rate (GFR), Chlorophyll content at anthesis stage (CHLA), canopy temperature at vegetative stage (CTveg.), canopy temperature at anthesis stage (CTanth.), spikelets per spike, and grains per spike had negative direct effect on seed yield. Considering analytical findings of correlation co-efficient, path co-efficient analysis and field performance, the genotypes G 3, G 10, G 11, G 12, G13, G 21, G 29, G 35, G 38, G 40, G 46 and G 48 were found suitable for future breeding programme.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 571-588, September 2017

Effect of Salicylic Acid on Plant Physiological and Yield Traits of Soybean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kuchlan ◽  
M.K. Kuchlan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Filling Stage

Background: Salicylic acid (SA) is an endogenous plant growth regulator plays a vital role in plant growth, ion uptake, transport, interaction with other organisms and in the responses to environmental stress. The aim of the study was to find the effect of salicylic acid on chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde level of leaves and seed yield parameters of soybean.Methods: Field trials were conducted during kharif 2018 and 2019 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore farm (22.78oN, 75.88oE), India. Salicylic acid applied as foliar spray with (50,100 and 200 ppm) concentrations at vegetative stage (22-25 days after sowing) and at pod filling stage (57-60 days after sowing). Chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation activity and superoxide dismutase enzyme, plant height, number of pod per plant, seed yield and seed index were determined.Result: Chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme were enhanced and the level of lipid peroxidation of leaves was reduced as compared to untreated plant when salicylic acid applied at critical stage of crop growth. Significant increase in soybean seed yield was observed both with concentration of 100 and 200 ppm salicylic acid. Foliar spray with salicylic acid @ 100 ppm at vegetative and at pod filling stage was very effective for better seed production programme to improve quantity as well as quality of soybean seeds.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL DUA VARIETAS TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max (L.) Merril) DIBAWAH KONDISI CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN PADA BERBAGAI STADIA TUMBUH

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Maimunah Maimunah ◽  
Gusti Rusmayadi ◽  
Bambang F. Langai
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Filling Stage

Soybean is categorized as a plant which sensitive to water deficit or surplus in its life cycle. If water requirement is not sufficient for the growth and development, the soybean will be subjected to stress. Water stress, such deficiency or excess of water in the plant environment is a condition that disrupts the balance of plant growth. Therefore, it is necessary to observe the interaction between drought stress at various growth stages and soybean varieties, and observe which growth stages that would provide the highest yield of soybean know the differences in drought stress in various stadia of plant growth on the growth and yield of two varieties of soybean crops and which currently can give the highest yield in various stadia grow. This research was carried out by using polybag in the greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru for 4 months from March to June 2017. The experimental design was Randomized Completely Design with Split Plot Design Factorial. The first factor is soybean varieties (V) as main plot, i.e. Grobogan (v1) and Anjasmoro (v2), and the second factor is the growth stages those subjected to drought stress (C) as subplot, i.e. c1 : vegetative stage 3 (29 DAS and 36 DAS), c2 : flowering stage (35 DAS and 46 DAS), c3 pods appearance/emergence (42 DAS and 53 DAS), and c4 : pods filling stage (68 DAS and 76 DAS). The treatment was repeated 3 times and each experiment unit consists of 5 polybags, thus there were 120 plants in total. The crop growth rate, number of main branch nodes, number of effective root nodules, shoot root ratio, the first flowering time, the harvest time, number of pods per plant, number of seed per plant, 100 seed dry weight, and the number of dry seed per plant. The result showed there was no interaction effect between drought stress in various stages and soybean varieties on all variables. Drought stress at vegetative stage 3 (c1) caused the number of main branch nodes, the number of pods per plant, the number of seed per plant, the 100 seed dry weight and the number of dry seed per plant are lower if they are compared to the plants those subjected to drought stress at pod filling stage (c4). Nevertheless, those variables were not different at drought stress at flowering stage (c2), pods appearance (c3) and pod filling stage  (4). Soybean varieties observation showed that the Grobogan were faster in flowering time and higher in crop growth (26.49 DAS and 3.08 g d-1 respectively) compared to the Anjasmoro (34.08 DAS and 2.73 g d-1 respectively).

scholarly journals Remote Sensing of Ecosystem Water Use Efficiency: A Review of Direct and Indirect Estimation Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2393
Author(s):  
Wanyuan Cai ◽  
Sana Ullah ◽  
Lei Yan ◽  
Yi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Canopy Conductance ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Use Efficiency

Water use efficiency (WUE) is a key index for understanding the ecosystem of carbon–water coupling. The undistinguishable carbon–water coupling mechanism and uncertainties of indirect methods by remote sensing products and process models render challenges for WUE remote sensing. In this paper, current progress in direct and indirect methods of WUE estimation by remote sensing is reviewed. Indirect methods based on gross primary production (GPP)/evapotranspiration (ET) from ground observation, processed models and remote sensing are the main ways to estimate WUE in which carbon and water cycles are independent processes. Various empirical models based on meteorological variables and remote sensed vegetation indices to estimate WUE proved the ability of remotely sensed data for WUE estimating. The analytical model provides a mechanistic opportunity for WUE estimation on an ecosystem scale, while the hypothesis has yet to be validated and applied for the shorter time scales. An optimized response of canopy conductance to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in an analytical model inverted from the conductance model has been also challenged. Partitioning transpiration (T) and evaporation (E) is a more complex phenomenon than that stated in the analytic model and needs a more precise remote sensing retrieval algorithm as well as ground validation, which is an opportunity for remote sensing to extrapolate WUE estimation from sites to a regional scale. Although studies on controlling the mechanism of environmental factors have provided an opportunity to improve WUE remote sensing, the mismatch in the spatial and temporal resolution of meteorological products and remote sensing data, as well as the uncertainty of meteorological reanalysis data, add further challenges. Therefore, improving the remote sensing-based methods of GPP and ET, developing high-quality meteorological forcing datasets and building mechanistic remote sensing models directly acting on carbon–water cycle coupling are possible ways to improve WUE remote sensing. Improvement in direct WUE remote sensing methods or remote sensing-driven ecosystem analysis methods can promote a better understanding of the global ecosystem carbon–water coupling mechanisms and vegetation functions–climate feedbacks to serve for the future global carbon neutrality.

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Seed Yield, Yield Components, and Water Use Efficiency of Cleistogenes songorica

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Qibo Tao ◽  
Mengjie Bai ◽  
Cunzhi Jia ◽  
Yunhua Han ◽  
Yanrong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Use Efficiency

Irrigation and nitrogen (N) are two crucial factors affecting perennial grass seed production. To investigate the effects of irrigation and N rate on seed yield (SY), yield components, and water use efficiency (WUE) of Cleistogenes songorica (Roshevitz) Ohwi, an ecologically significant perennial grass, a four-year (2016–2019) field trial was conducted in an arid region of northwestern China. Two irrigation regimes (I1 treatment: irrigation at tillering stage; I2 treatment: irrigation at tillering, spikelet initiation, and early flowering stages) and four N rates (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha−1) were arranged. Increasing amounts of both irrigation and N improved SY, evapotranspiration, WUE, and related yield components like fertile tillers m−2 (FTSM) and seeds spikelet−1. Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed between 120 and 180 kg N ha−1 treatments for most variables. The highest SY and WUE was obtained with treatment combination of I2 plus 120 kg N ha−1 with four-year average values of 507.3 kg ha−1 and 1.8 kg ha−1 mm−1, respectively. Path coefficient and contribution analysis indicated that FTSM was the most important yield component for SY, with direct path coefficient and contribution coefficient of 0.626 and 0.592. Overall, we recommend I2 treatment (three irrigations) together with 120 kg N ha−1 to both increase SY and WUE, especially in arid regions. Future agronomic managements and breeding programs for seed should mainly focus on FTSM. This study will enable grass seed producers, plant breeders, and government program directors to more effectively target higher SY of C. songorica.

Low temperature acclimation and legacy effects of summer water deficits in olive freezing resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia S Arias ◽  
Fabián G Scholz ◽  
Guillermo Goldstein ◽  
Sandra J Bucci
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Freezing Resistance ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Water Deficits

Abstract Low temperatures and drought are the main environmental factors affecting plant growth and productivity across most of the terrestrial biomes. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of water deficits before the onset of low temperatures in winter to enhance freezing resistance in olive trees. The study was carried out near the coast of Chubut, Argentina. Plants of five olive cultivars were grown out-door in pots and exposed to different water deficit treatments. We assessed leaf water relations, ice nucleation temperature (INT), cell damage (LT50), plant growth and leaf nitrogen content during summer and winter in all cultivars and across water deficit treatments. Leaf INT and LT50 decreased significantly from summer to winter within each cultivar and between treatments. We observed a trade-off between resources allocation to freezing resistance and vegetative growth, such that an improvement in resistance to sub-zero temperatures was associated to lower growth in tree height. Water deficit applied during summer increased the amount of osmotically active solutes and decreased the leaf water potentials. This type of legacy effects persists during the winter after the water deficit even when treatment was removed, because of natural rainfalls.

scholarly journals Effects of Biofertilizer Produced from Bradyrhizobium and Streptomyces griseoflavus on Plant Growth, Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, Nutrient Uptake, and Seed Yield of Mung Bean, Cowpea, and Soybean

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aung Zaw Htwe ◽  
Seinn Moh Moh ◽  
Khin Myat Soe ◽  
Kyi Moe ◽  
Takeo Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
N Application ◽  
Npk Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Leguminous Crops

The use of biofertilizers is important for sustainable agriculture, and the use of nodule bacteria and endophytic actinomycetes is an attractive way to enhance plant growth and yield. This study tested the effects of a biofertilizer produced from Bradyrhizobium strains and Streptomyces griseoflavus on leguminous, cereal, and vegetable crops. Nitrogen fixation was measured using the acetylene reduction assay. Under N-limited or N-supplemented conditions, the biofertilizer significantly promoted the shoot and root growth of mung bean, cowpea, and soybean compared with the control. Therefore, the biofertilizer used in this study was effective in mung bean, cowpea, and soybean regardless of N application. In this study, significant increments in plant growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) uptake, and seed yield were found in mung beans and soybeans. Therefore, Bradyrhizobium japonicum SAY3-7 plus Bradyrhizobium elkanii BLY3-8 and Streptomyces griseoflavus are effective bacteria that can be used together as biofertilizer for the production of economically important leguminous crops, especially soybean and mung bean. The biofertilizer produced from Bradyrhizobium and S. griseoflavus P4 will be useful for both soybean and mung bean production.

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