scholarly journals Studies on the ecology and geographical distribution of C3 and C4 grasses. I. Taxonomic and geographical distribution of C3 and C4 grasses in Japan with special reference to climatic conditions.

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoshiro TAKEDA ◽  
Takahiro TANlKAWA ◽  
Waichi AGATA ◽  
Susumu HAKOYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
C3 And C4 Grasses

scholarly journals Tendencies towards a C4 Leaf: Quantitative Studies on Leaf Anatomy of Selected C3 and C4 Grasses

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiruni Nuwanthika Weerasooriya ◽  
Anil Jayasekera ◽  
Iroja Caldera
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
C3 And C4 Grasses

The distribution of C3 and C4 grasses in Australia in relation to climate

Oecologia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Hattersley
Keyword(s):  
C4 Grasses ◽  
C3 And C4 Grasses

Xanthomonas cassavae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Green Point ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Dark Green

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas cassavae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Manihot esculenta (Euphorbiaceae); by artificial inoculation: Euphorbia pulcherrima (Euphorbiaceae). DISEASE: Cassava leaf spot or bacterial necrosis. Angular leaf spots extend along veins but generally do not develop into blight. Spots age, turn dark brown and are surrounded by a yellow halo. Exudate is frequently produced. On stems, dark green point lesions develop slowly up to 1 cm diam. Lytic pockets generally develop under lesions in the cortex. Lateral extension can lead to girdling and tip dieback. Secondary colonization by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides[Glomerella cingulata] is frequently observed. Systemic infection and vascular browning are absent or very restricted. Entry into the host is through natural openings (stomata) or epidermal wounds, which can be caused (especially on the stem) by sand particles or small grains of gravel thrown up by the strong winds which precede the first rains. The optimum temperature for disease development is 25°C. Disease mainly occurs above altitudes of 800 m. There is evidence that disease severity is linked to poor plant nutrition. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Burundi, Congo Democratic Republic, Kenya, Malawi, Niger, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire. SOUTH AMERICA: Colombia. TRANSMISSION: Long distance spread is restricted. Symptomless cuttings taken from diseased plants were unable to demonstrate propagation. Rapid disease development under favourable climatic conditions suggests a symptomless epiphytic phase on the host itself or on a plant other than cassava. In the field, dispersal is by wind and rain.

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