scholarly journals Effects of Low-Intensity Brief Exercise and Training on Cell-Mediated Immunity

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Osamu TERADA ◽  
Katsuhiko SUZUKI ◽  
Yoshiko KURIHARA ◽  
Satoru MORIGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Exercise And Training ◽  
And Training

Effects of intensive physical exercise and training on cell mediated immunity

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
P. Marnila ◽  
L. Vider ◽  
Ü. Kaljumäe ◽  
E.-K. Titov ◽  
E.-M. Lilius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Exercise And Training ◽  
And Training ◽  
Intensive Physical Exercise

scholarly journals Therapist Characteristics and their Effect on Training Outcomes: What Counts?

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Branson ◽  
Roz Shafran
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Clinical Skill ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Therapist Characteristics ◽  
Training Outcomes ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

Background:Evidence exists for a relationship between individual characteristics and both job and training performance; however relationships may not be generalizable. Little is known about the impact of therapist characteristics on performance in postgraduate therapist training programmes.Aims:The aim of this study was to investigate associations between the grades of trainee Low-Intensity and High-Intensity cognitive behavioural therapists and individual characteristics.Method:Trainee Low-Intensity (n= 81) and High-Intensity (n= 59) therapists completed measures of personality and cognitive ability; demographic and course grade data for participants were collected.Results:Degree classification emerged as the only variable to be significantly associated with performance across assessments and courses. Higher undergraduate degree classifications were associated with superior academic and clinical performance. Agreeableness was the only dimension of personality to be associated (positively) with clinical skill. Age was weakly and negatively associated with performance.Conclusions:Relationships between individual characteristics and training outcomes are complex and may be context specific. These results could have important implications for the selection and development of therapists for Low or High-Intensity cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) training.

439 EFFECTS OF EXERCISE AND TRAINING ON NEUTROPHIL NUMBER AND FUNCTION

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S78
Author(s):  
K. L. Woolley ◽  
J. Kajiura ◽  
D. MacDougall ◽  
N. L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Neutrophil Number ◽  
And Function ◽  
Exercise And Training ◽  
And Training

Exercise and Training in Women, Part I: Influence of Gender on Exercise and Training Responses

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Shephard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Employment Standards ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Hormonal Milieu ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Exercise And Training ◽  
And Training ◽  
Average Woman

Exercise and training responses in women are briefly reviewed. Part I of the paper considers the influence of gender on such responses. The average woman has a smaller inherent aerobic power and less muscular strength than a man, reflecting sociocultural influences, physical size, body composition, and hormonal milieu. Nevertheless, the best-trained women can out-perform sedentary men. The handicap of the average woman is offset by a lighter body mass and a tendency to metabolize fat rather than carbohydrate during exercise. A lack of anabolic hormones may limit training increases of muscle bulk in the female. A low initial fitness may enhance the scope for training tolerance, but it also limits tolerance of conditioning. Nevertheless, women seem less vulnerable than men to exercise-induced sudden death and overtraining. Part II of the review considers the influence of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy upon exercise and training responses. Physical activity programmes for young women should take account of possible pregnancy. Potential dangers to the foetus include an excessive rise of core body temperature, a decrease of maternal blood sugar, and foetal hypoxia. Nevertheless, regular moderate exercise generally has a favourable impact upon pregnancy outcomes. Key Words: sex differences, sociocultural issues, biological differences, physical activity, conditioning, menstruation, pregnancy, employment standards

Muscle morphology heterogeneity: control, significance for performance and responses to training

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
J L L Rivero
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
The Past ◽  
Skeletal Musculature ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibres ◽  
Exercise And Training ◽  
And Training ◽  
Total Muscle

The skeletal musculature of the horse is highly developed and adapted to match the animal's athletic potential. More than half of a mature horse's body weight comprises skeletal muscle and the total muscle blood flow during maximal exercise represents 78% of total cardiac output. Exercise requires the co–ordinated application of many different body systems under the control of the nervous systems. Metabolites and oxygen reach skeletal muscle fibres via the respiratory, cardiovascular and haematological systems. The muscle fibres produce energy in the form of ATP that, via the contractile machinery, is converted into mechanical work. The structural arrangements of the musculoskeletal system provides the means with which to harness this energy to move the horse's limbs in a characteristic rhythmical pattern that is well established for each gait.Equine skeletal muscle is considerably heterogeneous and this diversity reflects functional specialisation and is the basis of its adaptive plasticity. Cellular and molecular diversity of equine muscle and the response of this tissue to exercise and training have been studied extensively over the past 30 years.

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