Early weed and crop interference was examined in a greenhouse pot experiment combining aspects of additive, substitutive, and diallel designs. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. 'Stoneville 213′) and four weeds {purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.], velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) and prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.)} were grown singly and in all possible combinations of pairs including reciprocals for 5 weeks in 10-cm plastic pots. After 5 weeks large crabgrass was the tallest species in all combinations except when grown with purple nutsedge. Purple nutsedge, however, had more leaf area and greater dry weight than all other species. Height, leaf area, and dry weight were lowest in prickly sida. Mean relative yields in mixtures (a measure of competitive ability) were 1.90, 1.15, 1.13, 0.86, and 0.41 for purple nutsedge, large crabgrass, cotton, velvetleaf, and prickly sida, respectively, when grown with the other four species as associates. Conversely, purple nutsedge and cotton as associates depressed mean relative yields of competing species to 0.59 and 0.94. Large crabgrass, velvetleaf, and prickly sida as associates increased mean relative yields of competing species to 1.17, 1.18, and 1.55, respectively. Analysis of these data and replacement-series diagrams indicated that purple nutsedge was the most competitive, prickly sida the least, and the other species were intermediate and approximately equivalent in competitive ability.
Assessment of some herbicides for the control of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)