Controlling Florida Betony (Stachys floridana) with Herbicides

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
Mark A. Czarnota
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
The Past ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Picolinic Acids

In the southeastern United States, Florida betony continues to be a problem weed in both turfgrass and ornamentals. Several herbicides including atrazine, dichlobenil, and glyphosate can provide good control (greater than 70%) of Florida betony, but their uses are limited. Over the past several years, many additional herbicides have been added to the turf market. New herbicides evaluated in this study included the sulfonylurea herbicides foramsulfuron, metsulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron; the picolinic acids clopyralid and fluroxypyr; and the aryl triazinone herbicide carfentrazone in combination with 2,4-D, dicamba, and mecoprop. In both the 2004 and 2005 trials, all sulfonylurea herbicides provided greater than 83% control of Florida betony at 10 wk after treatment. Other herbicides that provided less than 80% control of Florida betony in 2004 and 2005 included clopyralid, fluroxypyr, and the carfentrazone combination treatment. Selective control of Florida betony in ornamentals, however, still remains a challenge, as none of these herbicides are labeled for ornamentals.

Archaic Shell Mounds in the American Southeast

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Saunders
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Savannah River ◽  
The Past ◽  
Island Area ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Shell Mounds ◽  
The Future ◽  
American Southeast ◽  
Shell Rings

Freshwater and estuarine shellfish began to be exploited in the southeastern United States between 9000 and 7000 b.p. Shortly thereafter, shell mounds appeared in the mid-South Shell Mound Archaic, along the St. Johns River in peninsular Florida, and, somewhat later, in the Stallings Island area along the middle Savannah River. On the lower Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, shell rings arose. Until recently, all these mounds were considered middens—the accumulations of the remains of simple meals of mobile peoples who visited the same areas for hundreds or thousands of years. More recent scholarship indicates that these mounds were deliberate constructions—some of the first sculpted landscapes created by Archaic peoples to memorialize the past, celebrate the present, and provide for the future. In this chapter, recent research on shell sites in these four areas is discussed. The emphasis is on changing perspectives about the peoples who built them.

Muskogean Languages

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack B. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Verbal Aspect ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family

The Muskogean languages are a family of languages indigenous to the southeastern United States. Members of the family include Chickasaw, Choctaw, Alabama, Koasati, Apalachee, Hitchiti-Mikasuki, and Muskogee (Creek). The trade language Mobilian Jargon is based on Muskogean vocabulary and grammar. The Muskogean languages all have SOV word order. Noun phrases are marked for subject or non-subject case. Alienable and inalienable possession is marked on possessed nouns. Agreement on verbs for subjects and objects is sensitive to agency. The languages have grammatical tone (used to indicate verbal aspect) and switch reference. Several of the languages have measured tense systems (indicating several degrees of distance in the past).

scholarly journals Tomato Transplant Age: A Review

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Vavrina ◽  
Michael D. Orzolek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Many ◽  
University Scientists ◽  
The Ideal

As early as 1929, university scientists began the quest to determine the ideal age at which to transplant tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Investigations have included seedlings of 2 to 15 weeks of age produced in wood, peat, plastic, or Styrofoam containers. Early researchers often omitted descriptions of soil mixes and nutrient regimes, and used a wide variety of container types. Later investigators were inclined to use commercial soilless mixes, well-defined nutrient regimes, and polystyrene trays. Pioneers of transplant age research tended to use plants of 7 weeks and older, whereas work within the past 30 years has concentrated on younger plants. Many researchers drew conclusions after only 1 year of experimentation, while others found that results varied across years. Prior to the 1980s, virtually all studies were initiated and conducted in areas far from the thriving transplant industry established in the southeastern United States. Southern-grown transplants often were not in cluded for comparison, and few studies were implemented using plants grown under commercial conditions. After more than 60 years of transplant age research, it appears that transplants of 2 to 13 weeks can produce comparable yields, depending on the many factors involved in commercial production.

Influence of the "Hypsithermal Age" and "Neoglaciation" climatic conditions on the Brazilian coast.

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENITIRO SUGUIO
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The Past

Meanwhile the highest relative sea-level is the present one in southeastern United States (Gulf of Mexico) or in Netherlands coast, most of the Brazilian coast exhibited Holocene sea-levels higher than the present in the past. The Brazilian curves, representing the relative sea-level changes during last 7.000 years, are outlined using sedimentological, biological and prehistorical past sea-level records. This paper shows that these relative sea-level records, during the Holocene, can be suitably used to demonstrate the influence of the worldwide known paleoclimatic events, like the “Hypsithermal Age” and “Neoglaciation” on the Brazilian coast.

scholarly journals Development of Pre- and Postharvest Phytophthora Fruit Rot on Watermelons Treated with Fungicides in the Field

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrasekar S. Kousik ◽  
Jennifer L. Ikerd ◽  
Howard F. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potassium Phosphite ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Serious Disease

Fruit rot, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is a serious disease in most watermelon producing regions in the southeastern United States and has caused devastating losses over the past few years. Experiments were conducted from 2010 to 2013 in a P. capsici-infested field to identify fungicides effective for managing pre- and postharvest development of Phytophthora fruit rot. Weekly treatments of OXTP (Oxathiapiprolin), V-10208 (ethaboxam), Zampro (ametoctradin+dimethomorph), Forum (dimethomorph), Prophyt (potassium phosphite) + Kocide 2000 (copper hydroxide), Revus (mandipropamid) rotated with Prophyt + Kocide, and rotations of Revus with Presidio (fluopicolide) and Actigard with Revus significantly reduced preharvest fruit rot in the field compared to nontreated control. Symptomless fruit harvested four days after the last spray was inoculated with P. capsici and maintained in a humid chamber to evaluate postharvest fruit rot development. OXTP, Zampro, Forum, V-10208, Presidio rotated with Revus, and Actigard rotated with Revus applied in the field provided extended postharvest protection compared to nontreated control. Many of these fungicides belonging to different FRAC group should be used in rotations to manage Phytophthora fruit rot of watermelon and should be part of an overall management strategy that also includes use of well drained fields and proper irrigation practices. Accepted 25 August 2014. 29 September 2014.

scholarly journals COVID-19 lockdowns drive decline in active fires in southeastern United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (43) ◽  
pp. e2105666118
Author(s):  
Benjamin Poulter ◽  
Patrick H. Freeborn ◽  
W. Matt Jolly ◽  
J. Morgan Varner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
Active Fire ◽  
Fire Activity ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
In Fire

Fire is a common ecosystem process in forests and grasslands worldwide. Increasingly, ignitions are controlled by human activities either through suppression of wildfires or intentional ignition of prescribed fires. The southeastern United States leads the nation in prescribed fire, burning ca. 80% of the country’s extent annually. The COVID-19 pandemic radically changed human behavior as workplaces implemented social-distancing guidelines and provided an opportunity to evaluate relationships between humans and fire as fire management plans were postponed or cancelled. Using active fire data from satellite-based observations, we found that in the southeastern United States, COVID-19 led to a 21% reduction in fire activity compared to the 2003 to 2019 average. The reduction was more pronounced for federally managed lands, up to 41% below average compared to the past 20 y (38% below average compared to the past decade). Declines in fire activity were partly affected by an unusually wet February before the COVID-19 shutdown began in mid-March 2020. Despite the wet spring, the predicted number of active fire detections was still lower than expected, confirming a COVID-19 signal on ignitions. In addition, prescribed fire management statistics reported by US federal agencies confirmed the satellite observations and showed that, following the wet February and before the mid-March COVID-19 shutdown, cumulative burned area was approaching record highs across the region. With fire return intervals in the southeastern United States as frequent as 1 to 2 y, COVID-19 fire impacts will contribute to an increasing backlog in necessary fire management activities, affecting biodiversity and future fire danger.

Transnationalism and language maintenance: Czech and Slovak as heritage languages in the Southeastern United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (238) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta McCabe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Heritage Languages ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Maintenance Goals

AbstractThis qualitative study examines heritage language maintenance goals, motivation, and strategies in eleven Czech and Slovak immigrant families in the Southeastern United States. The goals of this article are threefold. First, this article outlines the changes in Czech and Slovak immigration patterns over time, documenting that while Czech immigrants used to settle mainly in Texas and the Midwest in the past, they generally opt for the East and West Coast today. Second, this article describes language practices of current Czech and Slovak immigrants in the Southeast and finds that the most successful factors of heritage language (HL) retention include: (a) expectations that children will need the language in the future; (b) consistent HL use by both parents; (c) annual lengthy trips overseas; and (d) parental ability to use additional strategies, such as involving grandparents or employing Slavic au pairs. Third, this article compares today’s HL maintenance with the classical period of immigration. In the past, Czech and Slovak children in the United States learned and used their native languages within ethnic communities. Today, the necessity to learn and use Czech or Slovak in the context of the United States has largely disappeared. Instead, it is the transnational context that is vital for HL retention.

International Research and Variation in Views of Ethnicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Ella Inglebret ◽  
Amy Skinder-Meredith ◽  
Shana Bailey ◽  
Carla Jones ◽  
Ashley France
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Classification System ◽  
International Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Scale ◽  
Publication Patterns

The authors in this article first identify the extent to which research articles published in three American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) journals included participants, age birth to 18 years, from international backgrounds (i.e., residence outside of the United States), and go on to describe associated publication patterns over the past 12 years. These patterns then provide a context for examining variation in the conceptualization of ethnicity on an international scale. Further, the authors examine terminology and categories used by 11 countries where research participants resided. Each country uses a unique classification system. Thus, it can be expected that descriptions of the ethnic characteristics of international participants involved in research published in ASHA journal articles will widely vary.

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