Calibration and validation of a common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) seedling emergence model

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryse L. Leblanc ◽  
Daniel C. Cloutier ◽  
Katrine A. Stewart ◽  
Chantal Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

Studies were conducted to calibrate and validate a mathematical model previously developed to predict common lambsquarters seedling emergence at different corn seedbed preparation times. The model was calibrated for different types of soil by adjusting the base temperature of common lambsquarters seedling emergence to the soil texture. A relationship was established with the sand mineral fraction of the soil and was integrated into the model. The calibrated model provided a good fit of the field data and was accurate in predicting cumulative weed emergence in different soil types. The validation was done using data collected independently at a site located 80 km from the original experimental area. There were no differences between observed and predicted values. The accuracy of the model is very satisfactory because the emergence of common lambsquarters populations was accurately predicted at the 95% probability level. This model is one of the first to take into consideration seedbed preparation time and soil texture. This common lambsquarters emergence model could be adapted to model other weed species whose emergence is limited by low spring temperature.

Vernal Seedling Emergence Model for Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Harvey ◽  
Frank Forcella
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Individual Site ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Weed Emergence

Knowledge of timing and extent of weed emergence before and immediately after crop seedbed preparation is needed to decrease need for preplant herbicides and increase efficacy of postemergence weed control in crops with either mechanical or chemical methods. Such knowledge is important for weeds that infest most crops over a wide area. For these reasons a mechanistic seedling emergence model based solely on soil temperature was developed for common lambsquarters. The model was validated using four sets of field data collected in 1988, 1990, and 1991 near Morris, MN. Agreement of predicted and observed emergence values across all site-years was 0.95 and the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.98 (P < 0.001). Agreement for individual site-years was 0.96, 1.08, 1.08, and 0.98 and associated R2values were 0.99, 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98 (P < 0.001 for each site-year), indicating close agreement between predicted and actual emergence values.

scholarly journals Biological Parameters for Germination of Selected Summer Weed Species: First Step to Transfer the Hydrothermal Model Alertinf to Croatia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Šoštarčić ◽  
Roberta Masin ◽  
Donato Loddo ◽  
Ema Brijačak ◽  
Maja Šćepanović
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Base Water Potential

The efficacy of weed management depends on the correct control timing according to the seedling emergence dynamics. Since soil temperature and soil moisture are two main factors that determine weed germination, the hydrothermal time model can be used to predict their emergence. The aim of this study was to estimate the base temperature (Tb) and base water potential (&Psi;b) for germination of Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria pumila and Panicum capillare collected from fields in continental Croatia and then to compare these values with those of Italian populations embedded in the AlertInf model. Germination tests were performed at seven constant temperatures (ranging from 4 to 27&deg;C) and eight water potentials (0.00 to - 1.00 MPa). Estimated Tb and &Psi;b were 3.4&deg;C, -1.38 MPa for C. album, 13.9&deg;C, -0.36 MPa for A. retroflexus, 6.6&deg;C, -0.71 MPa for S. pumila and 11.0&deg;C, -0.87 MPa for P. capillare, respectively. According to the criterion of overlap of the 95% confidence intervals, only Tb of C. album, and &Psi;b of A. retroflexus were similar between Croatian and Italian populations. Further field experiments should be conducted in the Croatian field to monitor weed emergence patterns of C. album and to calibrate the AlerInf equation parameters.

Modeling germination and seedling elongation of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erivelton S. Roman ◽  
A. Gordon Thomas ◽  
Stephen D. Murphy ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Hydrothermal Time ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Radicle Elongation

The ability to predict time of weed seedling emergence relative to the crop is an important component of a mechanistic model describing weed and crop competition. In this paper, we hypothesized that the process of germination could be described by the interaction of temperature and water potential and that the rate of seedling shoot and radicle elongation vary as a function of temperature. To test these hypotheses, incubator studies were conducted using seeds and seedlings of common lambsquarters. Probit analysis was used to account for variation in cardinal temperatures and base water potentials and to develop parameters for a new mathematical model that describes seed germination and shoot and radicle elongation in terms of hydrothermal time and temperature, respectively. This hydrothermal time model describes the phenology of seed germination using a single curve, generated from the relationship of temperature and water potential.

scholarly journals Predicting Yield Losses in Rice Mixed-Weed Species Infestations in California

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney B. Brim-DeForest ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib ◽  
Albert J Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Combined Models ◽  
Relative Cover ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Using Data

Although many pests constrain rice production, weeds are considered to be the major barrier to achieving optimal yields. A predictive model based on naturally occurring mixed-species infestations in the field would enable growers to target the specific weed group that is the greatest contributor to yield loss, but as of now no such models are available. In 2013 and 2014, two empirical hyperbolic models were tested using the relative cover at canopy closure of groups of weed species as independent variables: grasses, sedges, broadleaves, grasses and sedges combined, grasses and broadleaves combined, and all weed species combined. Models were calibrated using data from experiments conducted at the California Rice Experiment Station, in Biggs, CA, and validated across four sites over 2 years, for a total of 7 site-year combinations. Of the three major weed groups, grasses, sedges, and broadleaves, the only groups positively related to yield loss in the multispecies infestation were grasses. At the model calibration site, grasses and sedges combined best predicted yield loss (corrected Akaike information criterion [AICc]=−21.5) in 2013, and grasses alone best predicted yield loss (AICc=−19.0) in 2014. Across the validation sites, the model using grasses and sedges combined was the best predictor in 5 out of 7 site-years. Accuracy of the predicted values at the model validation sites ranged from 6% mean average error to 17% mean average error. No single model and set of parameters accurately predicted losses across all years and locations, but relative cover of grasses and sedges combined at canopy closure was the best estimate over the most sites and years.

Effect of water on common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.] seedling emergence in corn

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Leblanc ◽  
D. C. Cloutier ◽  
C. Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Emergence

A 2-year field study was conducted in corn to determine the influence of rainfall, irrigation and soil water content on common lambsquarters and barnyardgrass emergence. Rainfall or irrigation had no influence on the final weed density and little on the pattern of weed emergence because the soil water content was at or greater than field capacity during the main weed emergence period. Irrigation may hasten the first weed emergence by warming the soil when temperature is limiting for germination. In southwestern Quebec, temperature appears to be the most important factor regulating germination in the spring since soil moisture is normally at field capacity for a long period, in part because of the melting of snow. Key words: Irrigation, weed emergence, soil moisture

scholarly journals Isoxaflutole and metribuzin interactions in isoxaflutole-resistant soybean

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (05) ◽  
pp. 485-496
Author(s):  
Andrea Smith ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Allan C. Kaastra ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Soybean Leaf

AbstractHerbicide-resistant weeds are a growing concern globally; in response, new herbicide resistance traits are being inserted into crops. Isoxaflutole-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] will provide a new mode of action for use in this crop. Ten experiments were conducted over a 2-yr period (2017, 2018) to determine herbicide interactions between isoxaflutole and metribuzin on soybean injury, weed control efficacy, and soybean yield on a range of soil types. Soybean leaf-bleaching injury caused by isoxaflutole was most severe at sites with higher levels of rainfall after application. Control of weed species with isoxaflutole (52.5, 79, and 105 g ai ha−1) and metribuzin (210, 315, and 420 g ai ha−1) differed by site based on amount of rainfall after application. At sites where there was sufficient rainfall for herbicide activation, isoxaflutole at all rates controlled common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), Amaranthus spp., common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) &gt;90%; metribuzin at all rates controlled Amaranthus spp. and witchgrass (Panicum capillare L.) &gt;80%. Control of every weed species evaluated was reduced when there was limited rainfall after herbicide application. The co-application of isoxaflutole + metribuzin resulted in additive or synergistic interactions for the control of C. album, Amaranthus spp., A. artemisiifolia, A. theophrasti, Setaria spp., barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv], and P. capillare. Isoxaflutole and metribuzin can be an effective management strategy for common annual broadleaf and grass weeds in Ontario if timely rainfall events occur after herbicide application.

Response of Weed Seeds to Ethylene and Related Hydrocarbons

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Taylorson
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Common Purslane

AbstractGermination of seeds of 10 grass and 33 broadleaved weed species was examined for response to ethylene. Germination was promoted in nine species, inhibited in two, and not affected in the remainder. Of the species promoted, common purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), and several Amaranths, including redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), were affected most. Transformation of phytochrome to the active form (Pfr) gave interactions that ranged from none to syntergistic with the applied ethylene. In subsequent tests seeds of purslane, redroot pigweed, and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.), a species not responsive to ethylene, were examined for germination response to 14 low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases other than ethylene. Some stimulation by the olefins propylene and propadiene was found for purslane and pigweed. Propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde were slightly stimulatory to purslane only.

Invertebrate Seed Predators Reduce Weed Emergence Following Seed Rain

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen K. Blubaugh ◽  
Ian Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seed Predator ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Seed Predators

Weeds are selected to produce overwhelming propagule pressure, and while vertebrate and invertebrate seed predators destroy a large percentage of seeds, their ecosystem services may not be sufficient to overcome germination site limitations. Cover crops are suggested to facilitate seed predation, but it is difficult to disentangle reductions in weed recruitment attributable to granivores from those due to plant competition. Using common lambsquarters as a focal weed species, we used experimental seed subsidies and differential seed predator exclusion to evaluate the utility of vertebrate and invertebrate seed predators in fallow, killed cover crop, and living mulch systems. Over two growing seasons, we found that seed predators were responsible for a 38% reduction in seedling emergence and 81% reduction in weed biomass in fallow plots following simulated seed rain, suggesting that granivory indeed overcomes safe-site limitation and suppresses weeds. However, the common lambsquarters densities in ambient seedbanks across fallow and cover crop treatments were high, and seed predators did not impact their abundance. Across the study, we found either neutral or negative effects of vertebrate seed predators on seed predation, suggesting that invertebrate seed predators contribute most to common lamnsquarters regulation in our system. These results imply that weed seed biocontrol by invertebrates can reduce propagule pressure initially following senescence, but other tools must be leveraged for long-term seedbank management.

Weed control in soybean using pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly D. Belfry ◽  
Kristen E. McNaughton ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Control Option ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Glycine Max L

Belfry, K. D., McNaughton, K. E. and Sikkema, P. H. 2015. Weed control in soybean using pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1199–1204. Pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone are new herbicides currently being evaluated for weed control in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Ontario, Canada. Seven experiments were conducted over a 3-yr period (2011 to 2013) at Ridgetown and Exeter, Ontario, to evaluate weed management using pyroxasulfone, sulfentrazone and their tank-mixes relative to the industry standard, imazethapyr plus metribuzin. Tank-mixing pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone provided up to 97, 46, 60, 100 and 71% control of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.], Powell amaranth [Amaranthus powellii (S.) Wats.] and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.), respectively, at 2 wk after treatment. Control with pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone was improved when tank-mixed, relative to application of each herbicide separately. Although control was variable across weed species, no difference in control was identified between pyroxasulfone plus sulfentrazone and imazethapyr plus metribuzin. Soybean yield was up to 2.7, 2.4 and 2.9 t ha−1 for pyroxasulfone, sulfentrazone and pyroxasulfone plus sulfentrazone application, yet imazethapyr plus metribuzin provided the highest yield (3.3 t ha−1). This research demonstrates that pyroxasulfone plus sulfentrazone may be used as a valuable weed control option in soybean; however, weed community composition may limit herbicidal utility.

scholarly journals Emergence of weeds as affected by vertical seed distribution in arable soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
T.K. James ◽  
A. Rahman ◽  
T. Webster ◽  
J. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Seed Distribution ◽  
Polygonum Persicaria ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum

A glasshouse study examined weed seedling emergence in soils collected from 20 sites Soil was placed in open topped columns of differing heights and the number of seedlings that emerged were counted A total of 77 different weed species emerged but most were in small numbers Four summer broadleaf weeds black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) fathen (Chenopodium album) spurrey (Spergula arvensis) and willow weed (Polygonum persicaria) showed little restriction and emerged freely from depths up to 50 mm Of the grasses summer grass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and annual poa (Poa annua) were clearly constrained at depths greater than 20 mm while smooth witchgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum) was not Of the other broadleaf weeds waxweed (Hydrocotyle sp) and Lotus sp were constrained at depths greater than 30 mm while two smallseeded species cudweed (Gnaphalium sp) and toad rush (Juncus bufonius) did not emerge from depths greater than10 mm

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