Tick Paralysis Caused by Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) is a Heritable Trait

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Lysyk
Keyword(s):  
Dermacentor Andersoni ◽  
Heritable Trait ◽  
Tick Paralysis

Experiments on Oral Secretion of the Rocky Mountain Wood Tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles (Acarina: Ixodidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gregson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Oral Secretion ◽  
Amblyomma Maculatum ◽  
Dermacentor Andersoni ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Tick Paralysis ◽  
Rocky Mountain Wood Tick

Tick paralysis continues to be one of the most baffling and fascinating tickborne diseases in Canada. It was first reported in this country by Todd in 1912. Since then about 250 human cases, including 28 deaths, have been recorded from British Columbia. Outbreaks in cattle have affected up to 400 animals at a time, with losses in a herd as high as 65 head. Although the disease is most common in the Pacific northwest, where it is caused by the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, it has lately been reported as far south as Florida and has been produced by Dermacentor variabilis Say, Amblyomma maculatum Koch, and A. americanum (L.) (Gregson, 1953). The symptoms include a gradual ascending symmetrical flaccid paralysis. Apparently only man, sheep, cattle, dogs, and buffalo (one known instance) are susceptible, but even these may not necessarily be paralysed.

Host Susceptibility to Paralysis by the Tick Dermacentor andersoni Stiles (Acarina: Ixodidae)

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gregson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Dermacentor Andersoni ◽  
Tick Paralysis

One of the objectives in the study of tick paralysis at Kamloops was to discover a species of laboratory animal that is consistently susceptible to this disease. Such an animal was needed to explore inconsistencies probably caused by differences in tick virulence or host susceptibility. Observations on infestations of adults of Dermacentor andersoni in tick paralysis areas in British Columbia, and experiments with similar ticks on large and small wild and domestic animals, have revealed the following.

scholarly journals Some Observations on Tick Paralysis in Marmots

1960 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
PATRICIA EMMONS ◽  
H. McLENNAN
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Dermacentor Andersoni ◽  
Acetylcholine Synthesis ◽  
Excised Tissues ◽  
Tick Paralysis ◽  
Ventricular Depolarization

1. Observations have been made on marmots paralysed by the attachment of the ixodid tick Dermacentor andersoni Stiles. 2. Acetylcholine synthesis by excised tissues from paralysed animals is unaffected. 3. Conduction in both motor and sensory nerve fibres is markedly reduced. It is likely also that the excitability of neurones of the spinal cord is diminished. 4. There are changes in the electrocardiogram suggestive of a slowed rate of auricular and ventricular depolarization and repolarization.

Ticks in Relation to Certain Diseases of Man and Animals in Canada

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 112-112
Author(s):  
J. D. Gregson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Ixodes Pacificus ◽  
Dermacentor Andersoni ◽  
Dermacentor Albipictus ◽  
Tick Paralysis

In Canada eight species of ticks are implicated with ten and possibly seventeen diseases of man and animals. The most important of these, tick paralysis, is caused by Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, and of three hundred human cases in British Columbia since 1910, thirty have been fatal. In livestock, outbreaks have involved up to four hundred cattle in a single herd, with losses of up to fifty head. Other diseases resulting from tick toxins include a paralysis of cattle by Oyobius megnini Dugès, which has caused twelve deaths since 1955; occasional deaths in deer and moose from heavy infestations of Dermacentor albipictus (Packard); and slow-healing sores in man resulting from the bites of Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls.

scholarly journals Genetic architecture of reciprocal social behavior in toddlers: Implications for heterogeneity in the early origins of autism spectrum disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1190-1205
Author(s):  
Natasha Marrus ◽  
Julia D. Grant ◽  
Brooke Harris-Olenak ◽  
Jordan Albright ◽  
Drew Bolster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Heritable Trait ◽  
Birth Registries

AbstractImpairment in reciprocal social behavior (RSB), an essential component of early social competence, clinically defines autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the behavioral and genetic architecture of RSB in toddlerhood, when ASD first emerges, has not been fully characterized. We analyzed data from a quantitative video-referenced rating of RSB (vrRSB) in two toddler samples: a community-based volunteer research registry (n = 1,563) and an ethnically diverse, longitudinal twin sample ascertained from two state birth registries (n = 714). Variation in RSB was continuously distributed, temporally stable, significantly associated with ASD risk at age 18 months, and only modestly explained by sociodemographic and medical factors (r2 = 9.4%). Five latent RSB factors were identified and corresponded to aspects of social communication or restricted repetitive behaviors, the two core ASD symptom domains. Quantitative genetic analyses indicated substantial heritability for all factors at age 24 months (h2 ≥ .61). Genetic influences strongly overlapped across all factors, with a social motivation factor showing evidence of newly-emerging genetic influences between the ages of 18 and 24 months. RSB constitutes a heritable, trait-like competency whose factorial and genetic structure is generalized across diverse populations, demonstrating its role as an early, enduring dimension of inherited variation in human social behavior. Substantially overlapping RSB domains, measurable when core ASD features arise and consolidate, may serve as markers of specific pathways to autism and anchors to inform determinants of autism's heterogeneity.

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