Evolutionary analysis of host resistance to cattle tick infestation and tick-borne disease in ungulates

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Nils Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Tick Borne Disease

The Distribution and economic Importance of Ixodes ricinus (L.) in Wales and the Welsh Border Counties with special Reference to N.W. Cardiganshire

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Owen Evans
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Nardus Stricta ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Ixodes ricinus is the common tick infesting farmstock in Wales. Dermacentor reticulatus is recorded on cattle and sheep on two farms in N. Cardiganshire.I. ricinus is widely distributed in the four major grassland zones of N.W. Cardiganshire. The most extensive areas of tick infestation are found on the marginal and hill farms. In lowland areas, except on extensive stretches of marshland, infested pastures are confined to isolated tracts of badly managed or poorly drained land. Infested grazings are invariably “rough” and contain one of the following plants as dominant: Festuca spp., Agrostis spp., Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Pteris aquilina or Juncus spp. The degree of infestation of cattle depends on the relative area of the available grazing land colonised by the tick. Continuous stocking of infested pastures results in heavy infestations and vice versa.Bovine piroplasmosis is the major tick-borne disease in N.W. Cardiganshire and predominates in the lowland districts. Outbreaks of the disease on marginal and hill farms are generally infrequent. Reasons are suggested for this phenomenon. Tick pyaemia is confined to lambs on hill grazings. The incidence of this disease is low.The distribution of the tick in Wales and the border counties of Hereford and Salop shows a general relationship to areas of rough grazing. The tick is widespread in the western counties and is almost absent in the border counties. Radnorshire and Breconshire are interesting in that they have few infested farms in relation to the extensive nature of the “rough” grazing. A survey has also been conducted of the incidence of bovine piroplasmosis in Wales.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of Anaplasma / Ehrlichia spp based on 16S rRNA gene in Hyalomma ticks in border line of Iran-Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayyereh Choubdar ◽  
Fateh Karimian ◽  
Mona Koosha ◽  
Jalil Nejati ◽  
Mohammad Ali Oshaghi
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Anaplasma Ovis ◽  
Border Line ◽  
The World ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
16Srrna Gene

Abstract Background Anaplasmosis / Ehrlichiosis are tick-borne diseases affecting human and livestock in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Due to infection both animals and humans and monitoring of ticks and the pathogens they carry, an extensive survey was conducted in border line of Iran-Pakistan of Sistan and Baluchistan, southeast corner of Iran in 2016-2017, where animal husbandry is the main activity of people and every week thousands of cattle cross the borders into the countries. The aim of the survey was to determine the prevalence and geographical distribution of Anaplasmosis / Ehrlichiosis agents in Hyalomma spp hard ticks. Ticks were collected, identified and processed for Anaplasma / Ehrlichia spp DNA detection. Results Six Hyalomma species were found in the region, where Hy. anatolicum was the most prevalent species collected on goats, cattle, and camel. Anaplasma / Ehrlichia genomes were found in 68.3% of the specimens. Anaplasma ovis, A.marginale, and E.ewingii DNAs prevalence were 81.82, 9.09, and 9.09% in the infected ticks respectively. DNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the 16SrRNA gene confirmed the detection of these three anaplasmosis agents while they had 99-100% identity with the strains previously reported in genbank from different parts of the world. Conclusion Because A.ovis and A.marginale are important livestock pathogens, and E.ewingii is an important human pathogen, both farmers and people in border line of the countries which engaged in livestock need to be made aware of the risks of tick infestation and the tick-borne disease they transmit.

Labelling larvae of the cattle-tick Boophilus microplus, with 32P to follow their movements on the host

Parasitology ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Kemp ◽  
D. Koudstall ◽  
J. D. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Drinking Solution

SUMMARYAfter 24 h desiccation at 28–29 °C and approximately 50 % relative humidity about 70 % of B. microplus larvae drank sufficient solution containing 1·5 mCi of 32P per ml for their movements on the host to be followed with a portable G-M counter. Reduced viability of the labelled ticks could not be detected when they were kept for 24 h on the host and either allowed to feed or prevented from doing so. When feeding was continued for 72 h or when larvae were incubated for 3–4 weeks, adverse effects were found, the severity of which could not be directly related to the amount of 32P label. Desiccation, handling of larvae and exposure to radiation in the drinking solution may have contributed to their reduced viability.Since resistance to the tick is manifest within the first 24 h after infestation labelled larvae could be used to compare development on different hosts during this time. Even after feeding for 72 h, larvae were more adversely affected by host resistance than by labelling damage.We would like to thank Mr C. A. Schuntner for helpful advice and Mrs J.Galligan for technical assistance. The financial support of the Australian Meat Research Committee is gratefully acknowledged. Messrs D. Hancox and S. R.Henderson assisted with some of the experiments.

Host resistance to cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) in Brahman (Bos indicus) cattle. I. Responses of previously unexposed cattle to four infestations with 20,000 larvae

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
BM Wagland
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Brahman Cattle ◽  
The Mean

Four purebred Brahman and four beef Shorthorn cattle which had not previously been exposed to Boophilus microplus were infested four times with 20,000 B. microplus larvae. On first infestation, the yield of engorged female ticks on all animals was about 25% of the larvae applied. Aftcr three further infestations, the mean yield of engorged females on the Brahmans decreased to 7.5% whereas there was no decrease in the yield of ticks on the Shorthorns. On the Brahman cattle. development of larvae to engorged females took 1–2 days longer and the engorged females weighed less. However, there was no difference in the reproductive index of female ticks engorged on either Brahmans or Shorthorns. Increases in rectal temperatures occurred in all cattle 15–17 days after the first infestation and in some cattle on days 6–7 as well as on days 15–17 after reinfestation. It was concluded that resistance to B. microplus is an acquired phenomenon in Brahman cattle.

Boophilus microplus: the effect of histamine on the attachment of cattle-tick larvae–studies in vivo and in vitro

Parasitology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Kemp ◽  
A. Bourne
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Larval Behaviour

SummaryCircumstantial evidence suggests that the earlier detachment of Boophilus microplus larvae from highly resistant cattle follows the release of histamine at the attachment site. In vivo and in vitro experiments show that a proportion of the larvae will detach following injection or infusion of histamine. Other mediators such as bradykinin, prostaglandin E2, 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine have little or no effect on tick behaviour in vivo. Sensitivity to histamine declines as larval attachments stabilize, and repeated injections have no effect on the weight of larvae after 3 days on the host. Response to histamine is discussed in relation to host resistance, histology of the feeding lesion and larval behaviour.

The spelling of pasture in cattle tick control

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Cattle Tick Control

When two comparable herds of cattle were kept continuously in adjoining paddocks, frequent acaricidal treatment was necessary to control ticks (Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) ). Thereafter, one of the two herds was grazed alternately in its own and an adjacent paddock, the intervals between each transfer being sufficient to ensure that most of the ticks in the unoccupied paddock had died. Tick infestations on this herd were greatly reduced, and less frequent use of acaricides was necessary. The herd remaining in the continuously stocked pasture continued to need acaricidal treatment for recurring tick infestation. In a field trial with 350–400 cattle moved a t intervals to each of three formerly heavily infested paddocks, tick infestations remained very light, although the herd was dipped only In January, September, and the following January. A control herd on continuously stocked pasture, treated at the owner's discretion, required eight dippings in this period. This procedure of "pasture spelling" seems likely to be widely applicable in central Queensland.

Host resistance in cattle tick control

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. de Castro ◽  
R.M. Newson
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Cattle Tick Control

scholarly journals Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann (Arachnida: Acari: Ixodidae)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuexun Tian ◽  
Phillip E Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The U.S

The Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, also known as the longhorned tick, bush tick (Australia), and cattle tick (New Zealand), is a three-host tick native to East Asia. This tick has been categorized as an invasive species in Australia, New Zealand, and several Pacific Islands. In the U.S., an Asian longhorned tick infestation was recorded in New Jersey during the fall of 2017. This tick is somewhat unique in that females are capable of parthenogenesis, meaning that females can produce offspring without having mated with males. The Asian longhorned tick feeds on a wide range of hosts including birds and mammals, including humans. This tick is considered a medical and veterinary vector due to its ability to transmit pathogens that cause disease in humans and other animals.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1263

scholarly journals Chemoprophylaxis for babesiosis and anaplasmosis in cattle: case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerbeson Hoffmann da Silva ◽  
Renata Rebesquini ◽  
Diorges Henrique Setim ◽  
Cláudia Almeida Scariot ◽  
Maria Isabel Botelho Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Hereford Cattle ◽  
Imidocarb Dipropionate ◽  
Pathogenic Action

Abstract Cattle tick fever (CTF) causes significant economic losses in the livestock sector. The pathogenic action of the hemoparasites is associated with anemia, weight loss, abortion and reduced productivity, which result with animal death. Programs to prevent CTF involve several procedures, including immunization, chemoprophylaxis and use of ectoparasiticides, together with the vector control in the environment. The objective of this study was to report an acute outbreak of CTF in a group of 157 Hereford cattle from a farm without presence of the vector, that were moved to a farm in the same state with a high tick infestation (Rhipicephalus microplus). On the day before the transportation, the animals received a chemoprophylaxis with imidocarb dipropionate (3 mg/kg, SC), which was repeated 21 days after the first application. After 42 days, some animals showed signs compatible with CTF, which was confirmed through clinical examination, necropsy, histopathological and hemoparasitological analyses. The morbidity rate was 37.6% and the mortality rate was 24.8%. Calves that were recently weaned were the group most affected with the tick fever, morbidity (100% and mortality (73%). Chemoprophylaxis in association with use of ectoparasiticides was not sufficient to control the outbreak of the disease.

scholarly journals Proteomics as a Potential Tool for Identifying Biomarkers for Host Resistance to Cattle Tick

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Ali Raza ◽  
Peter James ◽  
Ala Tabor
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies

The cattle tick, Rhiphicephalus microplus, and the diseases it transmits lead to massive economic losses to cattle industries in tropical and subtropical countries. The emergence of widespread resistance to acaricide drugs and the absence of an effective vaccine for tick control had led to genetic selection of host resistance as a method of choice for non-chemical control of cattle tick. Research to identify host genetic markers associated with tick susceptibility or resistance has been limited to the comparison of local breeds in specific geographic regions. Previous studies have also focused on gene expression profiles, localizing cellular and humoral immune responses, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify functional genetic variants associated with tick resistance/susceptibility. Given the fact that gene expression results and actual dynamics occurring at the protein level often do not correlate due to post-transcriptional, post-translational and degradation regulation, host proteomics may provide reliable biomarkers to assist in selection to support traditional breeding programs. The present study aims to investigate the variation in protein profiles among tick resistant and susceptible cattle following tick infestation. Preliminary findings suggest that different serum proteins exist between tick resistant and susceptible Santa Gertrudis cattle. This research is supported by Meat & Livestock Australia.

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