The spelling of pasture in cattle tick control

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Cattle Tick Control

When two comparable herds of cattle were kept continuously in adjoining paddocks, frequent acaricidal treatment was necessary to control ticks (Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) ). Thereafter, one of the two herds was grazed alternately in its own and an adjacent paddock, the intervals between each transfer being sufficient to ensure that most of the ticks in the unoccupied paddock had died. Tick infestations on this herd were greatly reduced, and less frequent use of acaricides was necessary. The herd remaining in the continuously stocked pasture continued to need acaricidal treatment for recurring tick infestation. In a field trial with 350–400 cattle moved a t intervals to each of three formerly heavily infested paddocks, tick infestations remained very light, although the herd was dipped only In January, September, and the following January. A control herd on continuously stocked pasture, treated at the owner's discretion, required eight dippings in this period. This procedure of "pasture spelling" seems likely to be widely applicable in central Queensland.

A comparison of cattle tick control by "conventional" acaricidal treatment, planned dipping, and pasture spelling

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
KLS Harley ◽  
PR Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tick Burden ◽  
Cattle Tick Control

Three comparable herds of cattle were grazed in a wet tropical area of north Queensland for the comparison of control measures against the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. The cattle tick infestation of one herd was controlled by simulated "conventional" methods, the cattle receiving acaricidal treatment when the count of "standard" ticks (0.5 cm or more in length) on the right side averaged 20 or more per animal. The tick infestation of the second herd was controlled by dipping in acaricide at 21-day intervals, so that few of the tick larvae attaching to the cattle between dippings reached maturity. This was continued until the larval population in the pasture was greatly depleted. The procedure, for which the term planned dipping has been proposed, was repeated when the count of standard ticks on the right side averaged more than 20 per animal. The tick infestation of the third herd was controlled by grazing alternately in two adjacent paddocks, the interval between each transfer being sufficient to ensure that most of the ticks in the unstocked paddock had died. Acaricidal treatment was applied at times of paddock changes and also at other times if the tick count was more than 20 per animal. This procedure is known as pasture spelling. Over the 2 years of the experiment, planned dipping and pasture spelling resulted in increased efficiency in tick control. In comparison with the herd given conventional tick control, planned dipping resulted in no reduction in the number of acaricidal treatments, but the tick burden was reduced by 79%. Pasture spelling resulted in the number of acaricidal treatments being reduced by 60% and the tick burden by 64%.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Acaricidal Activity of Nemuaron vieillardii Essential Oil against the Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601101
Author(s):  
Nicolas Lebouvier ◽  
Thomas Hue ◽  
Joseph Brophy ◽  
Edouard Hnawia ◽  
Mohammed Nour
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Human Carcinogen

Essential oil from leaves of Nemuaron vieillardii (Baill.) Baill., a shrub used in the kanak pharmacopeia, was analyzed by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main compounds identified were safrole (49.7%), linalool (8.0%), δ-cadinene (5.1%), caryophyllene oxide (4%) and α-copaene (2.4%). This chemical composition is consistent with leaf oils of the Atherospermataceae family and demonstrates the proximity of the two genera Nemuaron and Atherosperma as regards to their essential oil compositions. The modified Larval Packet Test (LPT) was used to assess acaricidal effect of N. vieillardii essential oil on larvae of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and LC50 was then calculated to 14.67%. High content of safrole in this oil which is suspected of being a human carcinogen, poses the problem of the use of this oil in a perspective of development of alternative tick control strategy and in the traditional medicinal consumption of Nemuaron vieillardii.

Selection of cattle for tick resistance, and the effect of herds of different susceptibility on Boophilus populations

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 974 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
In Parenthesis ◽  
Tick Counts ◽  
Tick Resistance ◽  
Selection Of

Weekly counts of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) on 30 Australian Illawarra Shorthorn heifers enabled the cattle to be ranked in order of tick infestation, with highly significant correlations between counts of two observers and between counts of one observer on different occasions. In May 1960, when the heifers were 1½–2 years old, 12 were selected as relatively tick-resistant and 12 as relatively tick-susceptible. Each of these groups was divided at random into herds of six, and the four herds were then allotted randomly to separate paddocks, each onequarter of the area previously grazed. A herd was sprayed with 0.5% DDT emulsion when its average count of ticks (adult females over 5 mm in length) on one side of the animals exceeded 40. During the ensuing tick season, from October 5, 1960, to June 7, 1961, the sums of average weekly tick counts, and the numbers of sprayings (in parenthesis) were: susceptible herds 4853 (5) and 5962 (6): resistant herds 718 (0) and 1073 (1). Counts of tick larvae on defined body areas showed that, in the summer after segregation, resistant herds carried fewer larvae than the susceptible herds, apparently because fewer mature ticks fell from the resistant cattle in the preceding spring and winter. As a consequence of this, counts of adult ticks were comparatively lower after than before segregation. There was little or no 'spring rise' of tick infestation on the resistant herds. There was no significant correlation between tick resistance and coat score, sweat gland dimensions, or total skin thickness, but a correlation of -0.53 with follicle depth was significant at the 1% level. There was no evidence of adaptation of cattle ticks to the resistant animals, either in the field experiment or in observations on stalled cattle. The experiment draws attention to the appreciable proportion of tick-resistant animals within the Australian Illawarra Shorthorn breed, which has largely been overlooked in past discussions on tick-resistant breeds of cattle. It also suggests a technique for estimating the improvement in tick control that may be obtained by a given degree of selection within any breed, for any given environment.

A ten-year review of commercial vaccine performance for control of tick infestations on cattle

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
José de la Fuente ◽  
Consuelo Almazán ◽  
Mario Canales ◽  
José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra ◽  
Katherine M. Kocan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Antigen Discovery ◽  
Tick Vaccine ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractTicks are important ectoparasites of domestic and wild animals, and tick infestations economically impact cattle production worldwide. Control of cattle tick infestations has been primarily by application of acaricides which has resulted in selection of resistant ticks and environmental pollution. Herein we discuss data from tick vaccine application in Australia, Cuba, Mexico and other Latin American countries. Commercial tick vaccines for cattle based on the Boophilus microplus Bm86 gut antigen have proven to be a feasible tick control method that offers a cost-effective, environmentally friendly alternative to the use of acaricides. Commercial tick vaccines reduced tick infestations on cattle and the intensity of acaricide usage, as well as increasing animal production and reducing transmission of some tick-borne pathogens. Although commercialization of tick vaccines has been difficult owing to previous constraints of antigen discovery, the expense of testing vaccines in cattle, and company restructuring, the success of these vaccines over the past decade has clearly demonstrated their potential as an improved method of tick control for cattle. Development of improved vaccines in the future will be greatly enhanced by new and efficient molecular technologies for antigen discovery and the urgent need for a tick control method to reduce or replace the use of acaricides, especially in regions where extensive tick resistance has occurred.

A SURVEY CONCERNING CATTLE TICK CONTROL IN QUEENSLAND.

1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Elder ◽  
F. R. Emmerson ◽  
J. F. Kearnan ◽  
K. S. Waters ◽  
G. H. Dunwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Control ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Cattle Tick Control

The economics of cattle tick control in dry tropical Australia

1983 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. SING ◽  
L. A. Y. JOHNSTON ◽  
G. LEATCH
Keyword(s):  
Tick Control ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Tropical Australia ◽  
Cattle Tick Control

Ecological aspects of cattle tick control in central Zambia

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. PEGRAM ◽  
J. LEMCHE ◽  
H. G. B. CHIZYUKA ◽  
R. W. SUTHERST ◽  
R. B. FLOYD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Control ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Cattle Tick Control

Host resistance in cattle tick control

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. de Castro ◽  
R.M. Newson
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Cattle Tick Control

Cattle-tick control in Northern Nigeria: a field study of BHC, Sevin, toxaphene and ronnel used as sprays

1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Thorpe ◽  
P. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Amblyomma Variegatum ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Tick Population ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Boophilus Annulatus ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Savannah Zone ◽  
Cattle Tick Control

A field study was made of the effects of γ BHC, Sevin, toxaphene and ronnel (fenchlorphos) used as sprays on the numbers of ticks infesting cattle at Shika stockfarm in the Northern Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria.The tick population included Boophilus annulatus (Say), B. decoloratus (Koch), Amblyomma variegatum (F.), Hyalomma truncatum Koch and Rhipiccphalus simus simus Koch, and its distribution on the host is described.Significance tests of treatment difference were carried out for initial kill and reinfestation rate. In both dry- and wet-season trials toxaphene proved to be the most effective ixodicide. A satisfactory degree of control was given by γ BHC but not by Sevin or ronnel.It is concluded that spraying at 21- and 7-day intervals during the dry and wet seasons, respectively, with either toxaphene or γ BHC will maintain a stable, satisfactory level of tick parasitism and premunity to tick-borne diseases in the herd.

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