Status of biological control of pink hibiscus mealybug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus) in the Pacific Islands

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gadi V. P. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pink Hibiscus Mealybug

scholarly journals Biological Control of Pest Non-Marine Molluscs: A Pacific Perspective on Risks to Non-Target Organisms

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Carl C. Christensen ◽  
Robert H. Cowie ◽  
Norine W. Yeung ◽  
Kenneth A. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Marine Mollusk ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Scientific Framework

Classic biological control of pest non-marine mollusks has a long history of disastrous outcomes, and despite claims to the contrary, few advances have been made to ensure that contemporary biocontrol efforts targeting mollusks are safe and effective. For more than half a century, malacologists have warned of the dangers in applying practices developed in the field of insect biological control, where biocontrol agents are often highly host-specific, to the use of generalist predators and parasites against non-marine mollusk pests. Unfortunately, many of the lessons that should have been learned from these failed biocontrol programs have not been rigorously applied to contemporary efforts. Here, we briefly review the failures of past non-marine mollusk biocontrol efforts in the Pacific islands and their adverse environmental impacts that continue to reverberate across ecosystems. We highlight the fact that none of these past programs has ever been demonstrated to be effective against targeted species, and at least two (the snails Euglandina spp. and the flatworm Platydemus manokwari) are implicated in the extinction of hundreds of snail species endemic to Pacific islands. We also highlight other recent efforts, including the proposed use of sarcophagid flies and nematodes in the genus Phasmarhabditis, that clearly illustrate the false claims that past bad practices are not being repeated. We are not making the claim that biocontrol programs can never be safe and effective. Instead, we hope that in highlighting the need for robust controls, clear and measurable definitions of success, and a broader understanding of ecosystem level interactions within a rigorous scientific framework are all necessary before claims of success can be made by biocontrol advocates. Without such amendments to contemporary biocontrol programs, it will be impossible to avoid repeating the failures of non-marine mollusk biocontrol programs to date.

History, opportunities and challenges for biological control in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific islands

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Julien ◽  
J.K. Scott ◽  
W. Orapa ◽  
Q. Paynter
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
The Pacific

Encarsia species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) of Australia and the Pacific Islands attacking Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) – a pictorial key and descriptions of four new species

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schmidt ◽  
I.D. Naumann ◽  
P.J. De Barro
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Records ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Biotype B

AbstractAfter the recent introduction of the pest whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B into Australia, research was undertaken to study the parasitoids of the long established native B. tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). The genus Encarsia species which are important biological control agents of whiteflies and hard scales. The taxonomy of the Encarsia species attacking B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum in Australia and the Pacific Islands is revised. DNA sequencing of the 28S D2 ribosomal DNA was used characterize species. Sixteen species are recognized, with 12 occurring in Australia, eight in the Pacific region, and four in both regions. All except one species (E. formosa Gahan) are new records for Australia. Four species are described as new from Australia: E. accenta & Naumann sp. n., E. adusta Schmidt & Naumann sp. n., E. oakeyensis Schmidt & Naumann sp. n., and E. ustulata Schmidt & Naumann sp. n. Diagnostic descriptions are given for all species and each species is illustrated. pictorial key is provided to allow the identification of species by non-specialists.

Classical biological control of the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), in southern California

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Roltsch ◽  
Dale E. Meyerdirk ◽  
Richard Warkentin ◽  
Earl R. Andress ◽  
Karina Carrera
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽  
Pink Hibiscus Mealybug

Genetic estimates of dispersal ability in the leucaena psyllid predator Curinus coeruleus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): implications for biological control

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Follett ◽  
George K. Roderick
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Curinus Coeruleus

AbstractThe leucaena psyllid, Heteropsylla cubana Crawford, can devastate plantings of Leucaena leucocephala (Leguminosae), an economically important tree species in the Pacific Islands, Southeast Asia, Australia, India, Africa, and elsewhere. The predatory beetle, Curinus coeruleus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), has been introduced into many of these areas from Hawaii for biological control of the psyllid. In this study, collections of C. coeruleus were made from 11 populations on four islands in the Hawaiian archipelago to determine population structure and estimate levels of gene flow. Over all populations, a measure of population subdivision, θ was 0.095, and the estimate of Nem, the average migration rate, was 2.4. θ values for the individual islands were 0.02, 0.12, 0.24 and 0.05 for Kauai, Hawaii, Maui, and Oahu, respectively. Estimated levels of gene flow between populations were not correlated with geographic distance, therefore isolation by distance does not appear to be an important process structuring C. coeruleus populations. Gene flow estimates can be used to characterize dispersal capabilities in insects or other organisms released for biological control. In this case, the inferior dispersal ability of C. coeruleus likely limits its rapid widespread establishment during release programmes.

West African Arthropods Hold Promise as Biological Control Agents for an Invasive Tree in the Pacific Islands

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.D. Paterson ◽  
Q. Paynter ◽  
S. Neser ◽  
F.J. Akpabey ◽  
W. Orapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
West African ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Invasive Tree
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