Nomenclature Abstract for Spiroplasma kunkelii Whitcomb et al. 1986.

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Thomas Parker ◽  
George M Garrity
Keyword(s):  
Spiroplasma Kunkelii

Exemplar Abstract for Spiroplasma kunkelii Whitcomb et al. 1986.

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Thomas Parker ◽  
Dorothea Taylor ◽  
George M Garrity
Keyword(s):  
Spiroplasma Kunkelii

Spiroplasma kunkelii. [Distribution map].

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Spiroplasma Kunkelii ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Spiroplasma kunkelii Whitcomb, Chen et al. Bacteria. Hosts: maize (Zea mays), sweetcorn (Zea mays subsp. mays), teosinte (Zea mexicana) and perennial teosinte (Zea perennis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America (Mexico, USA, California, Florida, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Ohio, Texas), Central America and Caribbean (Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela).

Physical and genetic map of the Spiroplasma kunkelii CR2-3x chromosome

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 857-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen L Dally ◽  
Thereza S.L Barros ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
ShaoPing Lin ◽  
Bruce A Roe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Map ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Spiroplasma Kunkelii ◽  
Corn Stunt ◽  
Physical And Genetic Map

Spiroplasma kunkelii (class Mollicutes) is the characteristically helical, wall-less bacterium that causes corn stunt disease. A combination of restriction enzyme analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and Southern hybridization analysis was used to construct a physical and genetic map of the S. kunkelii CR2-3x chromosome. The order of restriction fragments on the map was determined by analyses of reciprocal endonuclease double digests employing I-CeuI, AscI, ApaI, EagI, SmaI, BssHII, BglI, and SalI; adjacent fragments were identified on two-dimensional pulsed-field electrophoresis gels. The size of the chromosome was estimated at 1550 kb. Oligonucleotide pairs were designed to prime the amplification of 26 S. kunkelii gene sequences in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using PCR amplicons as probes, the locations of 27 S. kunkelii putative single-copy genes were positioned on the map by Southern hybridization analyses of chromosomal fragments separated in PFGE. The nucleotide sequence of the single ribosomal RNA operon was determined and its location mapped to a chromosomal segment bearing recognition sites for SalI, SmaI, EagI, and I-CeuI.Key words: Spiroplasma kunkelii CR2-3x, corn stunt spiroplasma, mollicutes, genome mapping, two-dimensional pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

scholarly journals Presence of Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and of Spiroplasma kunkelii in the Temperate Region of Argentina

2013 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 1574-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Carloni ◽  
P. Carpane ◽  
S. Paradell ◽  
I. Laguna ◽  
M. P. Giménez Pecci
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Region ◽  
Dalbulus Maidis ◽  
Spiroplasma Kunkelii

Zymoblot, a new microtechnique used to detect enzyme activity in spiroplasmas and bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed E. Wagih ◽  
Jacqueline Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Spiroplasma Citri ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
Spiroplasma Kunkelii ◽  
Coomassie Blue ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Spiroplasma Melliferum

A new microtechnique that detects enzyme activity in prokaryotes is described. The technique, designated zymoblot, is based on the immobilization of negatively charged enzymes from an alkaline extract spotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane. The presence of specific enzyme activity in the extract is selectively assayed with a reaction mixture containing the corresponding substrate. The enzyme–substrate reaction produces an insoluble colored product that accumulates at the site. The zymoblot technique offers the advantages of simplicity, sensitivity, reproducibility, speed, and the use of microquantities of reactants. The protein in the spot can be visualized by a technique termed "proteinblot," in which the protein is stained with Coomassie blue. Esterase and tyrosinase were detected by the zymoblot method in six spiroplasmas including four strains of Spiroplasma citri, one of Spiroplasma kunkelii, and one of Spiroplasma melliferum, and two bacteria, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B301D and Escherichia coli K-12. Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine dehydrogenase, peroxidase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were not detected in any of the spiroplasmas, but were each detected in one or both of the walled bacteria.Key words: spiroplasma, enzyme, protein, zymoblot.

Spiroplasma kunkelii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Principal Vector ◽  
Vinca Rosea ◽  
The North ◽  
Spiroplasma Kunkelii ◽  
Euscelidius Variegatus ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Tropical Lowlands

Abstract A description is provided for Spiroplasma kunkelii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Zea mays is the major natural host. Euchlaena mexicana and E. perennis are known experimental hosts and may be involved in the epidemiology of this disease. Various other plants have been infected by artificial inoculation using leafhopper vectors. e.g. Broad bean and Vinca rosea[Catharanthus roseus] using Euscelidius variegatus (57, 565) but these are probably not natural hosts. DISEASE: Corn/maize stunt. Infected maize is stunted and shows chlorotic stripes and often reddish purple leaf margins (69, 1042). Some plants have been found to be infected but show no symptoms. This is a major disease limiting maize production in tropical lowlands of America. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in tropical lowland America, from Texas in the north to the lowlands of Bolivia in the south (62, 166). Reports include USA: California, Florida (69, 1042), Michigan (Whitcomb et al., 1986); Texas; Mexico (69, 1042); Jamaica (62, 2437); Nicaragua (67, 1283); Peru (66, 3773); Brazil (Paranfi, 65 4390) and possibly Venezuela with very low incidence (57, 133). TRANSMISSION: The principal vector is the leaf hopper Dalbulus maidis but other leaf hoppers, such as Euscelidius variegatus, Dalbulus longulus, Cicadulina and Baldulus spp., have been shown to acquire and transmit the pathogen experimentally (64, 160, 3831; 63, 1748, 5332). No other method of transmission has been found.

Exemplar Abstract for Spiroplasma kunkelii Whitcomb et al. 1986.

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Thomas Parker ◽  
Dorothea Taylor ◽  
George M Garrity
Keyword(s):  
Spiroplasma Kunkelii

scholarly journals Design of a Polymerase Chain Reaction for Specific Detection of Corn Stunt Spiroplasma

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thereza S. L. Barros ◽  
Robert E. Davis ◽  
Renato O. Resende ◽  
Ellen L. Dally
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Spiroplasma Kunkelii ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Corn Stunt ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Corn stunt disease is a major limiting factor in production of corn (Zea mays) in the Americas. To develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay specific for detection of the causal agent, Spiroplasma kunkelii, PCR primers were designed on the basis of unique regions of the nucleotide sequence of the S. kunkelii spiralin gene. DNA was amplified in PCRs containing template DNAs derived from laboratory strains of S. kunkelii and from naturally diseased corn plants collected in the field. No DNA amplification was observed in PCRs containing template DNAs derived from other Spiroplasma species tested or from healthy corn or corn infected by maize bushy stunt phytoplasma. The availability of a sensitive and specific PCR for detection and identification of S. kunkelii should facilitate studies of the ecology of this pathogen, as well as its influence in the incidence, spread, and severity of corn stunting diseases.

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