Spiroplasma kunkelii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Principal Vector ◽  
Vinca Rosea ◽  
The North ◽  
Spiroplasma Kunkelii ◽  
Euscelidius Variegatus ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Tropical Lowlands

Abstract A description is provided for Spiroplasma kunkelii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Zea mays is the major natural host. Euchlaena mexicana and E. perennis are known experimental hosts and may be involved in the epidemiology of this disease. Various other plants have been infected by artificial inoculation using leafhopper vectors. e.g. Broad bean and Vinca rosea[Catharanthus roseus] using Euscelidius variegatus (57, 565) but these are probably not natural hosts. DISEASE: Corn/maize stunt. Infected maize is stunted and shows chlorotic stripes and often reddish purple leaf margins (69, 1042). Some plants have been found to be infected but show no symptoms. This is a major disease limiting maize production in tropical lowlands of America. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in tropical lowland America, from Texas in the north to the lowlands of Bolivia in the south (62, 166). Reports include USA: California, Florida (69, 1042), Michigan (Whitcomb et al., 1986); Texas; Mexico (69, 1042); Jamaica (62, 2437); Nicaragua (67, 1283); Peru (66, 3773); Brazil (Paranfi, 65 4390) and possibly Venezuela with very low incidence (57, 133). TRANSMISSION: The principal vector is the leaf hopper Dalbulus maidis but other leaf hoppers, such as Euscelidius variegatus, Dalbulus longulus, Cicadulina and Baldulus spp., have been shown to acquire and transmit the pathogen experimentally (64, 160, 3831; 63, 1748, 5332). No other method of transmission has been found.

TBE in Italy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Tagliapietra ◽  
Flavia Riccardo ◽  
Giovanni Rezza
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
East Part ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Low Incidence

Italy is considered a low incidence country for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe. Areas at higher risk for TBE in Italy are geographically clustered in the forested and mountainous regions and provinces in the north east part of the country, as suggested by TBE case series published over the last decade.

TBE in Italy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
National Level ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Low Incidence

Italy is considered a low-incidence country for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe.1 Areas at higher risk for TBE in Italy are geographically clustered in the forested and mountainous regions and provinces in the north east part of the country, as suggested by TBE case series published over the last decade.2-5 A national enhanced surveillance system for TBE has been established since 2017.6 Before this, information on the occurrence of TBE cases at the national level in Italy was lacking. Both incidence rates and the geographical distribution of the disease were mostly inferred from endemic areas where surveillance was already in place, ad hoc studies and international literature.1

Spiroplasma kunkelii. [Distribution map].

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Spiroplasma Kunkelii ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Spiroplasma kunkelii Whitcomb, Chen et al. Bacteria. Hosts: maize (Zea mays), sweetcorn (Zea mays subsp. mays), teosinte (Zea mexicana) and perennial teosinte (Zea perennis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America (Mexico, USA, California, Florida, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Ohio, Texas), Central America and Caribbean (Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela).

Palmaria hecatensis sp. nov. (Rhodophyta, Palmariales) from British Columbia and Alaska with a survey of other Palmaria species

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Aleutian Islands ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Intertidal Zones ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

Palmaria hecatensis sp. nov. is described based on material from northern British Columbia. Male gametophytes and tetrasporophytes are thick, coriaceous, flattened blades, linear to lobed in habit and arise from an extensive encrusting basal holdfast. Putative female gametophytes are microscopic multicellular discs. Palmaria hecatensis grows on rocky shores in the midintertidal to lower intertidal zones and has a known geographical distribution from Nootka Island, Vancouver Island, B.C., to Shemya Island in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Palmaria hecatensis is compared with other species in the genus and, in addition, another distinctive (and possibly undescribed) Palmaria species from British Columbia and Alaska is discussed, bringing the total number of Palmaria species reported in the North Pacific Ocean to six.

scholarly journals EXPANSÃO DA ÁREA DE OCORRÊNCIA DO LOBO-GUARÁ, Chrysocyon brachyurus (CARNIVORA, CANIDAE) NO BIOMA AMAZÔNICO

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 928-937
Author(s):  
Odair Silva-Diogo ◽  
◽  
Larissa Gabriela Araujo Goebel ◽  
Marco Rodrigo de Sousa ◽  
Almério Câmara Gusmão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
New Records ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Gray Literature ◽  
The North ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Maned Wolf ◽  
Chrysocyon Brachyurus

The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus; Carnivora, Canidae) is the South America's largest canid, typically occurring in open areas of Cerrado, Chaco and Pampa. Its geographical distribution is historically limited to the north by the Amazon forest, and to the northeast by the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes. However, recent studies have reported that its occurrence has recently been expanded to the boundaries of its distribution range. In this study, we presented 22 records of the maned wolf for the Amazon biome, including six records from gray literature, six records of scientific articles from indexed journals and 10 new records, expanding the northwest limit of its geographical range in 51,178.78 km². The presence of the maned wolf in protected and unprotected areas of the Amazon biome, as reported in this study, can play a complementary role in the conservation of species, since its historically boundaries are becoming increasingly permeable.

scholarly journals Ecological and Geographical distribution of species and genera of Primulaceae in Iraq

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 829-840
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
East And West ◽  
Prevalent Species

The present research deal with ecological and geographical distribution of species and genera of Primulaceae in Iraq. The results were revealed that species distributed in the north , north-east and west of Iraq. Anagallis arvensis L. is the most prevalent species tolerant to different environmental conditions, while the species of Primula L. characterized as less widespread and limited in one District. In addition, the districts Rawanduz (MRO) and Sulaymaniyah (MSU) have ranked first in distribution of the species on geographical districts with (75%), while the districts southern desert (DSD) and Basra (LBA) in last place with (16.7%). Maps for geographical distribution for all species were illustrated.

Pseudomonas cichorii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Pseudomonas Cichorii ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Natural Hosts

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas cichorii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Naturally infects the following: Araceae: Scindapsus sp. (46, 3116); Compositae: Chrysanthemum morifolium, Chrysanthemum sp. (40: 473; 51, 3694j), Cichorium intybus, C. endivia (5: 275; 42: 236), Gerbera jamesonii (53, 580), Lactuca sativa (50, 1025); Cruciferae: Brassica oleracea (cabbage and cauliflower: 35: 859; 51, 2027); Papaveraceae: Papaver rhoeas, P. orientale (50, 3853); Rubiaceae: Coffea arabica (55, 4727); Solanaceae: Lycopersicon escutentum (53, 4375), Nicotiana tabacum (40: 75), Solanum melongena (57, 5808); Umbelliferae: Apium graveolens (44, 2940). In addition to these natural hosts a large number of plants from various families have been successfully infected by artificial inoculation. DISEASE: Leaf spot symptoms start as small watersoaked spots, which enlarge and rapidly become dark brown to blackish. The disease is frequently systemic and produces a rot of the centre leaves in chicory, and long dark brown streaks on the stems of tomatoes. Vascular darkening is also seen in tomato (53, 4375). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The known distribution is widespread but rather scattered. It is probably present in many more countries than those reported, which include the following: Tanzania (as P. papaveris, 35: 188); India (58, 2991); Japan (57, 5808); Taiwan (14: 738); New Zealand (53, 4375); Bulgaria (45, 929); France (51, 2027); Germany (14: 418); Italy (50, 1025); England; USA (Montana, Illinois, Florida, Georgia, New York); Barbados; Brazil (40: 75). TRANSMISSION: Mainly by water splash. It is rapid under warm, wet conditions. Seed transmission occurs in lettuce (45, 929).

Morpho (Morpho) helenor (Cramer) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Morphinae) in Bolivia: Geographical distribution and ecological plasticity, with a description of a new subspecies

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3130 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUVINKA GARECA ◽  
PATRICK BLANDIN
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Wide Range

The geographical distribution of Morpho helenor (Cramer) in Bolivia is mapped from the study of specimens preserved in Bolivian and foreign collections, and from recent field studies in various ecoregions. One subspecies, M. h. theodorus Fruhstorfer, inhabits Amazonian moist forests in the western and northern parts of the country. Another subspecies, M. h. coelestis Butler, is common in moist cloud forests (Bolivian Yungas), but also occurs to the North and North-East. We describe a new subspecies, M. h. prometa ssp. nov., from Southern Andean Yungas. Transition zones between theodorus and coelestis are highlighted, where specimens exhibiting intermediate phenotypes were collected. The pattern of geographic transition from M. h. coelestis to M. h. prometa needs to be documented. M. h. prometa inhabits sub-humid, semideciduous forests, whereas M. h. theodorus and M. h. coelestis live in rainforests. M. h. coelestis populations are found from less than 100 m to more than 1600 m a.s.l.; M. h. theodorus has been collected at more than 1000 m a.s.l.; and M. h. prometa between 500 m and 1400 m a.s.l.. Therefore, Bolivian M. helenor populations are distributed throughout a wide range of ecological contexts: we discuss the habitat plasticity of the species in light of available knowledge of its geographical distribution and habitats in the Neotropical Region.

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