Exemplar Abstract for Nocardia amarae Lechevalier and Lechevalier 1974 (Approved Lists 1980), Gordonia amarae corrig. (Lechevalier and Lechevalier 1974) Klatte et al. 1994 emend. Nouioui et al. 2018 and Gordona amarae (sic) (Lechevalier and Lechevalier 1974) Klatte et al. 1994 emend. Nouioui et al. 2018.

Dispelling the “Nocardia amarae” myth: a phylogenetic and phenotypic study of mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes isolated from activated sludge foam

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2002.0460 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 46 (1-2) ◽

pp. 81-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

F.M. Stainsby ◽

J. Soddell ◽

R. Seviour ◽

J. Upton ◽

M. Goodfellow

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

16S Rdna ◽

Mycolic Acid ◽

Mass Spectrometric ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Microscopic Approach ◽

Nocardia Species ◽

Mixed Liquor ◽

Nocardia Amarae

Right-angle branched filaments and rods micromanipulated from activated sludge foam and mixed liquor were identified as putatively novel members of the genera Gordonia, Mycobacterium and Rhodococcus using a combination of chemical, molecular and morphological data. Pyrolysis mass spectrometric analyses of gordoniae isolated in both the present and a previous study revealed pyro-groups, distinct from validly described Gordonia species, which could be equated with those based on morphological properties and 16S rDNA data. Putative gordoniae assigned to one of these groups were found to be closely related to strains currently identified as “Rhodococcus australis”. These strains were also found to have properties consistent with their classification in the genus Gordonia. The results of this study highlight the limitations of the microscopic approach to filament identification and cast further doubt on the view that foaming can be attributed to members of one or a few Nocardia species.

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Interaction of Operational and Physicochemical Factors Leading to Gordonia amarae-Like Foaming in an Incompletely Nitrifying Activated Sludge Plant

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00404-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (23) ◽

pp. 8165-8175 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Pitiporn Asvapathanagul ◽

Zhonghua Huang ◽

Phillip B. Gedalanga ◽

Amber Baylor ◽

Betty H. Olson

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Ammonium Ion ◽

Content Type ◽

Mixed Liquor ◽

Physicochemical Changes ◽

Cell Concentrations ◽

Gordonia Amarae

ABSTRACTThe overgrowth ofGordonia amarae-like bacteria in the mixed liquor of an incompletely nitrifying water reclamation plant was inversely correlated with temperature (r= −0.78;P< 0.005) and positively correlated with the solids retention time (SRT) obtained a week prior to sampling (r= 0.67;P< 0.005). Drops followed by spikes in the food-to-mass ratio (0.18 to 0.52) and biochemical oxygen demand concentrations in primary effluent (94 to 298 mg liter−1) occurred at the initiation ofG. amarae-like bacterial growth. The total bacterial concentration did not increase as concentrations ofG. amarae-like cells increased, but total bacterial cell concentrations fluctuated in a manner similar to that ofG. amarae-like bacteria in the pseudo-steady state. The ammonium ion removal rate (percent) was inversely related toG. amarae-like cell concentrations during accelerated growth and washout phases. The dissolved oxygen concentration decreased as theG. amarae-like cell concentration decreased. The concentrations ofG. amarae-like cells peaked (2.47 × 109cells liter−1) approximately 1.5 months prior to foaming. Foaming occurred during the late pseudo-steady-state phase, when temperature declines reversed. These findings suggested that temperature changes triggered operational and physicochemical changes favorable to the growth ofG. amarae-like bacteria. Fine-scale quantitative PCR (qPCR) monitoring at weekly intervals allowed a better understanding of the factors affecting this organism and indicated that frequent sampling was required to obtain statistical significance with factors changing as the concentrations of this organism increased. Furthermore, the early identification ofG. amarae-like cells when they are confined to mixed liquor (107cells liter−1) allows management strategies to prevent foaming.

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Synergetic flocculation of the bioflocculant fix extracellularly produced by Nocardia amarae.

The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology ◽

10.2323/jgam.37.447 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 447-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

JUN-ICHI KOIZUMI ◽

MINORU TAKEDA ◽

RYUICHIRO KURANE ◽

ISEI NAKAMURA

Keyword(s):

Nocardia Amarae

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Cause of Gordonia amarae-like Foaming in an Incompletely Nitrifying Plant: 3.5 Year Study

Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation ◽

10.2175/193864712811708635 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 (12) ◽

pp. 4323-4331

Author(s):

Pitiporn Asvapathanagul ◽

Zhonghua Huang ◽

Phillip B Gedalanga ◽

Tracy Wallace ◽

Jim Pullen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gordonia Amarae

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Production of Anti-Gordonia amarae Mycolic Acid Polyclonal Antibody for Detection of Mycolic Acid-Containing Bacteria in Activated Sludge Foam.

Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering ◽

10.1263/jbb.92.417 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 92 (5) ◽

pp. 417-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

KEISUKE IWAHORI ◽

NAOYUKI MIYATA ◽

NAMI TAKATA ◽

SACHIKO MORISADA ◽

TOHRU MOCHIZUKI

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Polyclonal Antibody ◽

Mycolic Acid ◽

Gordonia Amarae

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Substrate uptake by Gordonia amarae in activated sludge foams by FISH-MAR

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2006.369 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 39-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

E.L. Carr ◽

K.L. Eales ◽

R.J. Seviour

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Mycolic Acid ◽

Substrate Uptake ◽

Wastewater Treatment Process ◽

Pure Cultures ◽

Gordonia Amarae

Gordonia amarae is a right-angled branching filament belonging to the mycolic acid-containing Actinobacteria which is commonly found in many foaming activated sludge wastewater treatment plants. Although studies on different substrates as sole carbon sources by pure cultures of G. amarae have been carried out, none have examined substrate uptake by this organism in situ. Uptake of several hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates by G. amarae was evaluated in situ using a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization and microautoradiography. G. amarae could assimilate a range of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates. From the data, G. amarae appears to be physiologically active under aerobic, anaerobic and anoxic condition (NO2 and NO3) for some substrates. This might explain why attempts to control foaming caused by G. amarae using anoxic and anaerobic selectors have been unsuccessful. This study emphasizes that bacteria can behave differently in situ to pure cultures and that it is important to evaluate the in situ physiology of these bacteria if we are to better understand their role in the wastewater treatment process.

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