Production of Anti-Gordonia amarae Mycolic Acid Polyclonal Antibody for Detection of Mycolic Acid-Containing Bacteria in Activated Sludge Foam.

2001 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEISUKE IWAHORI ◽  
NAOYUKI MIYATA ◽  
NAMI TAKATA ◽  
SACHIKO MORISADA ◽  
TOHRU MOCHIZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Gordonia Amarae

Production of anti-Gordonia amarae mycolic acid polyclonal antibody for detection of mycolic acid-containing bacteria in activated sludge foam

2001 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Iwahori ◽  
Naoyuki Miyata ◽  
Nami Takata ◽  
Sachiko Morisada ◽  
Tohru Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Gordonia Amarae

Substrate uptake by Gordonia amarae in activated sludge foams by FISH-MAR

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.L. Carr ◽  
K.L. Eales ◽  
R.J. Seviour
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Substrate Uptake ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Gordonia Amarae

Gordonia amarae is a right-angled branching filament belonging to the mycolic acid-containing Actinobacteria which is commonly found in many foaming activated sludge wastewater treatment plants. Although studies on different substrates as sole carbon sources by pure cultures of G. amarae have been carried out, none have examined substrate uptake by this organism in situ. Uptake of several hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates by G. amarae was evaluated in situ using a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization and microautoradiography. G. amarae could assimilate a range of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates. From the data, G. amarae appears to be physiologically active under aerobic, anaerobic and anoxic condition (NO2 and NO3) for some substrates. This might explain why attempts to control foaming caused by G. amarae using anoxic and anaerobic selectors have been unsuccessful. This study emphasizes that bacteria can behave differently in situ to pure cultures and that it is important to evaluate the in situ physiology of these bacteria if we are to better understand their role in the wastewater treatment process.

Dispelling the “Nocardia amarae” myth: a phylogenetic and phenotypic study of mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes isolated from activated sludge foam

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Stainsby ◽  
J. Soddell ◽  
R. Seviour ◽  
J. Upton ◽  
M. Goodfellow
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Microscopic Approach ◽  
Nocardia Species ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Nocardia Amarae

Right-angle branched filaments and rods micromanipulated from activated sludge foam and mixed liquor were identified as putatively novel members of the genera Gordonia, Mycobacterium and Rhodococcus using a combination of chemical, molecular and morphological data. Pyrolysis mass spectrometric analyses of gordoniae isolated in both the present and a previous study revealed pyro-groups, distinct from validly described Gordonia species, which could be equated with those based on morphological properties and 16S rDNA data. Putative gordoniae assigned to one of these groups were found to be closely related to strains currently identified as “Rhodococcus australis”. These strains were also found to have properties consistent with their classification in the genus Gordonia. The results of this study highlight the limitations of the microscopic approach to filament identification and cast further doubt on the view that foaming can be attributed to members of one or a few Nocardia species.

scholarly journals Ecophysiology of mycolic acid-containing Actinobacteria (Mycolata) in activated sludge foams

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Kragelund ◽  
Zaneta Remesova ◽  
Jeppe Lund Nielsen ◽  
Trine Rolighed Thomsen ◽  
Kathryn Eales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Mycolic Acid

scholarly journals Millisia brevis gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from activated sludge foam

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques A. Soddell ◽  
Fiona M. Stainsby ◽  
Kathryn L. Eales ◽  
Reiner M. Kroppenstedt ◽  
Robert J. Seviour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Gene Tree ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Mycolic Acids ◽  
Distinct Lineage

The taxonomic position of two mycolic-acid-producing actinomycetes, isolates J81T and J82, which were recovered from activated sludge foam, was clarified. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies indicated that the organisms formed a distinct lineage within the Corynebacterineae 16S rRNA gene tree. The taxonomic integrity of this group was underpinned by a wealth of phenotypic data, notably characteristic rudimentary right-angled branching. In addition, isolate J81T contained the following: meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose; N-glycolated muramic acid residues; a dihydrogenated menaquinone with eight isoprene units as the predominant isoprenologue; a fatty acid profile rich in oleic and palmitoleic acids and with relatively small proportions of myristic, stearic and tuberculostearic acids; mycolic acids with 44–52 carbons; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides as major polar lipids. Strain J81T was found to have a chemotaxonomic profile that serves to distinguish it from representatives of all of the other taxa classified as belonging to the suborder Corynebacterineae. In the light of these data, it is proposed that the two isolates be classified in a novel monospecific genus. The name proposed for this taxon is Millisia brevis gen. nov., sp. nov.; strain J81T (=DSM 44463T=NRRL B-24424T) is the type strain of Millisia brevis.

scholarly journals Causes and remedies for filamentous foaming in activated sludge treatment plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-772 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Polymer Addition ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods

<p>This paper reviews the problem of foaming associated with the activated sludge process and its control using various physical, chemical and biological methods. Activated sludge process is widely used for treatment of every type of wastewater like industrial, domestic and municipal wastewater. This process is driven by a complex microbial population, among which some mycolic acid containing bacteria leads to the stable foam formation which ultimately results in poor efficiency of the plants and leading to major environmental, operational, and health problems. A number of researches provide the evidences of foaming in wastewater treatment plants and its control using physical, chemical and biological methods. Current approaches for controlling foam includes operational adjustments, additional structures, controlling dissolved oxygen levels, water sprays, steam application, polymer addition, chlorination and a novel and ecofriendly approach that is treatment of filamentous bacteria with the specific phages. A detailed study of all methods is presented and collectively described in this review paper for a better understanding of the foam controlling strategies.&nbsp;</p>

Activated sludge foaming: what causes hydrophobicity and can it be manipulated to control foaming?

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Stratton ◽  
Bob Seviour ◽  
Peter Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Rhodococcus Rhodochrous ◽  
Stable Foam

Activated sludge aeration tanks frequently suffer from the formation of a stable foam on their surfaces, a problem which results in increased operating costs and reduces performance. Current control strategies are often unsuccessful, mainly because of a lack of understanding of the microbes involved, and often employ expensive and environmentally undesirable procedures, such as the addition of chemicals. Here we have attempted to better understand the mechanism(s) involved in foam formation. We have investigated the possible relationship between the mycolic acid content in a Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain isolated from foam, its cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and ability to form stable foam. Results show that mycolic acid composition is not the only contributor to CSH, nor is the CSH the only factor responsible for foam formation and stabilisation. Other possible explanations for mechanisms of foaming and ways to control it are addressed.

Gordona scum suppression mechanism of ozone added in wastewater treatment plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Goi ◽  
K. Odagawa ◽  
T. Nishimura ◽  
T. Okoch ◽  
H. Yuzawa
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Suppression Mechanism ◽  
Nocardia Amarae ◽  
Sludge Settleability ◽  
Suppression Effects

In order to prevent the scum generation due to Gordona (Nocardia) amarae, experiments were made to add ozone in the aeration tank from 1990 to 1994, and scum suppression effects, sludge settleability improvement effects, etc. were reported. The studies made so far did not clarify the scum suppression mechanism of added ozone. Based on the measurements of the number of Gordona, mycolic acid, etc., an attempt was made to investigate this mechanism. By adding ozone, the number of Gordona was suppressed in general to below 1 × 105 CFU/mg-SS. In the presence of mycolic acid produced by Gordona amarae at a rate of about 178-236 μg in 1g activated sludge, no scum generation was seen. Within an experimental range of ozone added at a rate below 3 mg/l, it was considered that the scum suppression effect was due more to the decomposition of mycolic acid, which is a metabolite of Gordona amarae, than to the effect of the number of Gordona amarae being reduced by the disinfectant action of ozone.

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