Fourier Analysis of Human Sagittal Sutures

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 482-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yii-Der Wu ◽  
Chi-Hui Chien ◽  
Yuh J. Chao ◽  
Jack C. Yu ◽  
Mathew A. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Sagittal Suture ◽  
Geometric Patterns ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Terry Collection ◽  
Human Skulls

Objective: To evaluate the complexity of human sagittal suture patterns and to investigate whether the suture complexity correlates with age. Design: Geometric patterns of the sagittal sutures from 104 dry human skulls from the Terry Collection and 16 computed tomography images from the Bosma Collection, aged 2 months to 60 years, were digitized. The complexity of the patterns was presented by suture length, curved suture (or skull) length, and length ratio and the frequency and amplitude contents by the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) analysis. Results: The suture length along the skull showed a positive correlation with age from 2 months to 10 years, reflecting the growth of the skull. The suture length ratio, R, a measure of the complexity of the suture pattern, had a similar trend to suture length (i.e., increased with age to about 10 years and leveled off afterward, accompanied by a large scatter). The major frequency from the DFT analysis indicated an age-related development in suture complexity from infants to about 10 years and no further change for individuals older than 10 years. Conclusions: Quantitative analyses of human sagittal suture using length, length ratio, and DFT indicated that there is a progressive increase in the complexity of sagittal sutural waveform with age, especially in the early ages. These findings agree with the observations from animal experiments that sagittal sutural waveform is the result of intrinsic tissue response to extrinsic forces such as those generated by the temporalis.

Histological Studies on Ageing Changes in the Cornea of Indian Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Prasanth Babu ◽  
P. Jagapathi Ramayya ◽  
Y. Nagamalleswari ◽  
Makkena Sreenu ◽  
K. Lakshmi Kavitha
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Corneal Stroma ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group I ◽  
Descemet's Membrane ◽  
Descemet’S Membrane ◽  
The Mean

Background: Affections of eye commonly encountered in all the species of animals. If these not treated in time, the vision may be hampered, this may impair the physical ability, utility and productivity of animals leading to economic loss to the animal owners. Corneal dystrophies like basement membrane dystrophy, stromal dystrophy, endothelial dystrophy, corneal erosions and corneal ulcerations etc., seen in the aged buffaloes. The current study was carried out to establish basic data and to provide authentic information to the clinicians on ageing changes in eyes of buffaloes.Methods: The study on age related changes in the cornea was conducted on 63 eye balls of locally available buffaloes of different breeds in and around Proddatur. These buffaloes were categorized into 3 groups based on their age i.e., group I (1-5 yrs), group II (6-10 yrs) and group III (11 yrs and above) buffaloes. The eyeballs were isolated and fixed with Davidson’s fluid. The paraffin sections of cornea were subjected for routine histological study.Result: The mean total thickness (µm) of cornea was increased from group I to III animals and it was 747.22±13.57, 853.33±11.05 and 897.22±8.06. Hence, The mean thickness (µm) of all five layers of cornea increased with advancement of age. Superficial corneal epithelial layer was made up of non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with 6 to 7 layers at early age and 12-14 layers of cells in adult animals. The mean thickness (µm) of corneal epithelium in group I to III animals was 117.04±3.37, 122.59±2.23 and 133.71±3.55 respectively. Bowman’s membrane of cornea was measured 12.97±0.86, 17.22±0.55 and 18.71±0.68 in group I, II and III animals respectively. The mean thickness (µm) of corneal stroma in group I to III animals was 600.75±10.33, 672.22±10.46 and 690.00±5.32 respectively. This was mainly due to progressive increase in number of collagenous lamellae. The keratocytes became thin in old animals. Thickness of posterior band zone (PBZ) of Descemet’s membrane was increased with advancement of age. The mean thickness (µm) of Descemet’s membrane and endothelium together was in group I, II and III animals was 16.48±0.91, 41.29±2.25 and 54.82±1.44 respectively. The corneal endothelial cells were enlarged and increased in size in old buffaloes. The age related pigmentation was also noticed in epithelium and stroma of cornea in animals of group III. Density of sub basal nerve plexuses between the stroma and the corneal epithelium was not altered with advancement of age.

scholarly journals Age-related mortality in 61,993 confirmed COVID-19 cases over three epidemic waves in Aragon, Spain. Implications for vaccination programmes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261061
Author(s):  
Diego Casas-Deza ◽  
Vanesa Bernal-Monterde ◽  
Angel Nicolás Aranda-Alonso ◽  
Enrique Montil-Miguel ◽  
Ana Belen Julián-Gomara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Age Related

Background Risk for severe COVID-19 increases with age. Different vaccination strategies are currently being considered, including those aimed at slowing down transmission and those aimed at providing direct protection to those most at risk. Methods The objectives of the current study were i) to assess age-related incidence and survival between PCR-diagnosed COVID-19 cases (n = 61,993) in the Autonomous Community of Aragon from March to November 2020, and ii) to characterize age differences regarding the course of the disease in hospitalized patients in a tertiary university hospital. Results We found a similar incidence of COVID-19 in individuals between 10 and 79 years. Incidence increased in those over 80 years possibly because of the elevated transmission within the nursing homes. We observed a profound disparity among age groups; case fatality rates (CFRs) were near 0 in cases younger than 39 years throughout different waves. In contrast, there was an age-dependent and progressive increase in the CFRs, especially during the first pandemic wave. SARS-CoV-2 infection caused a more severe and rapid progression in older patients. The elderly required faster hospitalization, presented more serious symptoms on admission, and had a worse clinical course. Hospitalized older individuals, even without comorbidities, had an increased mortality risk directly associated with their age. Lastly, the existence of comorbidities dramatically increased the CFRs in the elderly, especially in males. Conclusion The elevated incidence of COVID-19 and the vulnerability of the elderly call for their prioritization in vaccination and targeted prevention measures specifically focused on this aged population.

scholarly journals Effect of the Resveratrol Rice DJ526 on Longevity

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Saidul Islam ◽  
Yan Yan Jin ◽  
Hea-Jong Chung ◽  
Hyeon-Jin Kim ◽  
So-Hyeon Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
Age Related

Resveratrol is the best-known chemical for extending the lifespan of various organisms. Extensive recent research has shown that resveratrol can extend the lifespan of single-celled organisms, but its effects on the extension of animal lifespans are marginal. Despite the limited efficacy of pure resveratrol, resveratrol with the endogenous property of the DJ rice in the resveratrol rice DJ526 previously showed profound health benefits. Here, we report that the resveratrol rice DJ526 markedly extended the lifespan of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster by as much as 41.4% compared to that of the control. The resveratrol rice DJ526 also improved age-related symptoms such as locomotive deterioration, body weight gain, eye degeneration and neurodegeneration in D. melanogaster upon aging. This result shows the most significantly improved lifespan in animal experiments to date, meaning that the resveratrol rice DJ526 will assist in the development of a therapeutic agent for longevity or addressing age-related degeneration.

scholarly journals Lactate Levels in Bowel Strangulation With Experimental Animal Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichiro Tanaka ◽  
Hisashi Hashimoto ◽  
Takao Ohki
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Bowel Strangulation

Bowel strangulation is a common disease and often requires an urgent operation. Our previous report showed that lactate concentration in the blood is a good predictive marker for emergency. However, the alteration in lactate levels during the course of bowel strangulation remains unclear. We have investigated the progressive increase of lactate after induction of bowel strangulation with animal experiments. Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: 0, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 hours after operation. Under anesthesia, laparotomy was performed and a 5-cm segment of terminal ileum with the mesenteric artery and veins was ligated to create a strangulation obstruction. After operation, the arterial blood was collected and lactate concentration and pH were measured using a blood gas analyzer. Lactate concentration in the 8-hour group was markedly increased, while pH decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Lactate concentrations were kept at a high level from 8 to 72 hours after operation. The time lag between strangulation and an increase of lactate is 8 hours. Our study is the first report of a bowel strangulation mouse model. Therefore, it would be possible to find a more specific marker of bowel strangulation using our experimental model.

Autophagy: A Promising Target for Age-related Osteoporosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Wang ◽  
Hongchen He ◽  
Shaxin Liu ◽  
Chengsen Jia ◽  
Ziyan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Cellular Components

Autophagy is a process the primary role of which is to clear up damaged cellular components such as long-lived proteins and organelles, thus participating in the conservation of different cells. Osteoporosis associated with aging is characterized by consistent changes in bone metabolism with suppression of bone formation as well as increased bone resorption. In advanced age, not only bone mass but also bone strength decrease in both sexes, resulting in an increased incidence of fractures. Clinical and animal experiments reveal that age-related bone loss is associated with many factors such as accumulation of autophagy, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, sex hormone deficiency, and high levels of endogenous glucocorticoids. Available basic and clinical studies indicate that age-associated factors can regulate autophagy. Those factors play important roles in bone remodeling and contribute to decreased bone mass and bone strength with aging. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms involved in bone metabolism related to aging and autophagy, supplying a theory for therapeutic targets to rescue bone mass and bone strength in older people.

scholarly journals What Does Nasal Cavity Size Tell us about Functional Nasal Airways?

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Heuzé
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Nasal Airways ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Low Correlation ◽  
Human Skulls

Studies on dry human skulls have shown that nasal cavity (NC) morphology varies with eco-geographic factors. These findings have been used by some authors to interpret the facial morphology of Neanderthals. However, respiratory and air-conditioning functions are primarily carried out by the nasal airways (NA), which are delimited by mucosa. The aims of this study were to test whether: (1) NC volume (V) and surface-area-to-volume ratio (SA/ V) are proportional to NA counterparts; (2) measurements for male NC and NA are larger than in females; (3) the centroid size (CS) of a set of landmarks measured on NC provides a reliable proxy for NC V. Head CT (computed tomography) images of adult patients (N = 30) at the University Hospital of Bordeaux were selected retrospectively. NA were defined by segmenting the lumen corresponding to the functional volume. NC was defined by adding to NA the soft tissues delimited by the bones forming the NC. The coordinates of 16 landmarks measured on NC bones were recorded. A rather low correlation was found between NA and NC V while NA SA/V and NC SA/V were not correlated. No significant differences were found between male and female NA and NC measurements. A rather low correlation was found between NC Vand NC CS. If these preliminary results were to be confirmed by future studies, results using NC as a proxy for NA focusing on air-conditioning and respiratory energetics might need to be re-interpreted.

scholarly journals Autologous adipose mesenchymal stem cell administration in arteriosclerosis and potential for anti-aging application: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Ohta ◽  
Xiaolan Liu ◽  
Miho Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Clinical Records

Abstract Objective Arteriosclerosis is an age-related disease and a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. In animal experiments, mesenchymal stem cells and its culture-conditioned medium have been shown to be promising tools for prevention or treatment of arteriosclerosis. On the basis of these evidences, we aimed to assess whether administration of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSC) is safe and effective for treatment of arteriosclerosis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of patients with arteriosclerosis who had received autologous Ad-MSC administration at our clinic. Patients’ characteristics were recorded and data on lipid profile, intimal-media thickness (IMT), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and ankle-brachial index (ABI) before and after Ad-MSC administration were collected and compared. Results Treatment with Ad-MSC significantly improved HDL, LDL, and remnant-like particle (RLP) cholesterol levels. No adverse effect or toxicity was observed in relation to the treatment. Of the patients with abnormal HDL values before treatment, the vast majority showed improvement in the values. Overall, the measurements after treatment were significantly increased compared with those before treatment (p < 0.01). In addition, decreases in LDL cholesterol and RLP levels were observed after treatment in patients who had abnormal LDL cholesterol or RLP levels before treatment. The majority of patients with pre-treatment abnormal CAVI values had improved values after treatment. In patients with available IMT values, a significant decrease in the IMT values was found after therapy (p < 0.01). All patients with borderline arteriosclerosis disease had improved laboratory findings after treatment. In general, post-treatment values were significantly decreased as compared with pre-treatment values. Of the patients with normal ABI values before treatment at the same time as CAVI, the vast majority remained normal after treatment. Conclusions These findings suggest that Ad-MSC administration is safe and effective in patients developing arteriosclerosis, thereby providing an attractive tool for anti-aging application.

Ontogeny of vasoconstrictor neurohypophysial hormone function in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. R263-R268 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Kullama ◽  
V. Balaraman ◽  
J. R. Claybaugh ◽  
W. M. Ichimura ◽  
K. T. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Age Related

This in vitro study examined the ontogeny of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and arginine vasotocin (AVT) compared with norepinephrine (NE)-mediated contraction in rat thoracic aortas. Aortas from three age groups (2-3 days, 6-7 days, and 12 wk) of Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Ring segment resting length was adjusted to optimize tension developed to a dose that produces half-maximal tension of NE in Krebs solution (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C) and gassed with 95% O2-5% CO2. Cumulative dose-response curves were generated for KCl (5-100 mM), NE (10(-10)-10(-5) M), AVP, and AVT (both 10(-10)-10(-6) M) in the presence and absence of a selective V1 vasopressinergic inhibitor, [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid), 2-(O-methyl)tyrosine]arginine vasopressin ([d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)]AVP). A progressive increase in sensitivity among all age groups was found for KCl and NE. There was a slight decrease in sensitivity to both AVP and AVT in the 1st wk. Maximum contractile response to NE increased between 2-3 and 6-7 days, whereas no change was observed for KCl, AVP, or AVT. AVP- and AVT-mediated contractions were selectively inhibited by [d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)]-AVP. These results suggest 1) receptor-mediated contractility is present from 2 days of age for NE, AVP, and AVT; 2) sensitivity to KCl and NE increases progressively during postnatal development, whereas sensitivity to AVP and AVT slightly decreases in the 1st wk with no progressive age-related increase by 12 wk; 3) AVP and AVT mediate contraction via a similar V1-like receptor.

scholarly journals Marrow Fat-Secreted Factors as Biomarkers for Osteoporosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Endocrine Effects ◽  
Marrow Fat ◽  
Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue ◽  
Secreted Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Osteoporosis Risk

Abstract Purpose of Review The age-related accumulation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) negatively impacts bone metabolism and hematopoiesis. This review provides an overview about BMAT-secreted factors as biomarkers for BMAT accumulation and osteoporosis risk. Recent Findings The adipokines leptin and adiponectin are regulators of BMAT. It remains to be clarified if locally produced adipokines substantially contribute to their peripheral serum levels and if they influence bone metabolism beyond that of extraosseous adipokine production. Existing data also suggests that BMAT disturbs bone metabolism primarily through palmitate-mediated toxic effects on osteoblasts and osteocytes, including dysregulated autophagy and apoptosis. Summary BMAT-secreted factors are important modulators of bone metabolism. However, the majority of our understanding about MAT-secreted factors and their paracrine and endocrine effects is derived from in vitro studies and animal experiments. Therefore, more research is needed before BMAT-secreted biomarkers can be applied in medical practice.

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