Asian Oral-Facial Cleft Birth Prevalence

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Cooper ◽  
Jessica S. Ratay ◽  
Mary L. Marazita
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Apparent Reason

Objective: To determine the clefting birth prevalence among Asian populations, specifically Chinese and Japanese, using raw counts from nonoverlapping published studies of Asian populations, and to investigate whether Asian clefting rates have been interpreted accurately as being up to twice the Caucasian rate. Design: A literature review of articles giving raw counts of clefting in Asian populations, primarily Japanese and Chinese. Main Outcome Measures: Where possible, clefts were identified by the patients’ ethnicity, country of origin, cleft type, syndromic status, and birth status. Results: Prevalence rates of cleft lip with or without cleft palate per 1000 live births are reported. Syndromic plus nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: Chinese, 1.30; Japanese, 1.34; Other Asian, 1.47; and total, 1.33. Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: Chinese, 1.20; Japanese, 1.18; Other Asian, 1.22; and total, 1.19. Conclusions: Overall, Chinese and Japanese live birth prevalence rates for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate, based on the published reports of birth prevalence, are significantly lower than the oft-quoted rate of 2 per 1000 for Asians. The apparent reason for the discrepancy is that many published prevalence rates included all pregnancies (live births plus pregnancy losses) and do not distinguish between syndromic and nonsyndromic clefts or between cleft palate alone and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. These results demonstrate that it is extremely important for current population-based studies of clefts to include careful delineation of population groups, syndromes, cleft type, and birth status.

scholarly journals Folic acid supplements and risk for oral clefts in the newborn: a population-based study

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (9) ◽  
pp. 1456-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trude Gildestad ◽  
Tone Bjørge ◽  
Stein Emil Vollset ◽  
Kari Klungsøyr ◽  
Roy Miodini Nilsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Oral Clefts ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Relative Risks

AbstractResults from previous studies on maternal folic acid intake and infant oral clefts are inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between women’s use of folic acid and/or multivitamin supplements and the risk for oral cleft in the newborn. We used data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway based on all births in Norway from 1999 to 2013. A total of 528 220 women had 880 568 pregnancies, resulting in 896 674 live births and stillbirths, of which 1623 had oral clefts (isolated oral clefts, n 1311; non-isolated oral clefts, n 312). Altogether, 21·5 % of women were vitamin supplement users before pregnancy. The birth prevalence of oral clefts was 1·81/1000 live births and stillbirths. Relative risks (RR) were estimated with log-binomial regression. For pregnancies with maternal use of vitamins, the adjusted RR for clefts overall was 0·90 (95 % CI 0·79, 1·04). The adjusted RR for cleft palate only (n 586) was 0·84 (95 % CI 0·66, 1·06) and that for cleft lip with or without cleft palate (n 1037) was 0·94 (95 % CI 0·79, 1·13). Associations were stronger for cleft cases that occurred in combination with other malformations (adjusted RR 0·63; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·88), although vitamin supplements provided no protection against isolated clefts (adjusted RR 0·98; 95 % CI 0·84, 1·15). In conclusion, our study demonstrates no statistically significant association between vitamin use and isolated oral clefts. However, we found lower risk for oral clefts that occurred in combination with other malformations.

Birth Prevalence of Cleft Lip and Palate in Northern Ireland (1981 to 2000)

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Gregg ◽  
A. G. Leonard ◽  
C. Hayden ◽  
K. E. Howard ◽  
C. F. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The Past

Objective: The prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in Northern Ireland (NI) was last reported for 1980 through 1990. This study was undertaken to update the prevalence of CL/P in NI for the 20-year period 1981 to 2000, to determine the pattern of prevalence, and to report the proportion of different cleft types and sex distribution. Design: Retrospective, population-based analysis. Patients/participants: All live born children with CL/P in NI from 1981 to 2000 were included. A total of 750 cases were identified. Resident births outside NI, stillbirths, abortuses, and children born with atypical orofacial clefts were excluded. Those with syndromes and submucous clefts were included in the study. Results: The overall prevalence of children born with CL/P within NI for the period 1981 to 2000 was 1.47 per 1000 live births, or 1:682. This was consistent with the findings reported by other U.K. studies. There were no significant changes in the prevalence rates over any 5-year period. No significant seasonality trends were noted. Clefts of the palate only were always in the majority. More boys than girls were affected by cleft lip with or without cleft palate. There was a significant left-sided predilection for unilateral clefting of the lip. Conclusions: There have been no significant changes in the birth prevalence of children born with CL/P or the distribution or laterality of cleft type in the NI population during the past 20 years.

scholarly journals Gastroschisis in Finland 1993 to 2014—Increasing Prevalence, High Rates of Abortion, and Survival: A Population-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (06) ◽  
pp. 536-540
Author(s):  
Arimatias Raitio ◽  
Asta Lahtinen ◽  
Johanna Syvänen ◽  
Teemu Kemppainen ◽  
Eliisa Löyttyniemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Associated Anomalies ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Total Prevalence

Abstract Introduction The study aims to assess the changes in prevalence and mortality of gastroschisis, and to identify associated anomalies. Materials and Methods It is a population-based nationwide study. All gastroschisis cases were identified in the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations and the Care Register for Health Care from 1993 to 2014 including live births, stillbirths, and terminations of pregnancy due to fetal anomalies. Associated anomalies were recorded, and analyzed, and prevalence and infant mortality were calculated. Results There were 320 cases of gastroschisis; 235 (73%) live births, 16 (5%) stillbirths, and 69 (22%) terminations of pregnancy. Live birth prevalence of gastroschisis in Finland was lower than generally reported (1.73 in 10,000). However, due to relatively high rates of abortion, our total prevalence of 2.57/10,000 was similar with other reports. The most common risk factor was young maternal age. Babies with gastroschisis were born prematurely, on average on the 36th week and most are delivered by caesarean section. There was a significant increasing trend in live birth prevalence (p = 0.0018). Overall infant mortality was 7.7% (18/235), 7.2% (16/222) in simple gastroschisis and 15% (2/13) in complex gastroschisis. Associated anomalies were rare both in aborted fetuses and neonates, and there was only one case with a chromosomal abnormality. Conclusion Gastroschisis is usually an isolated anomaly with increasing birth prevalence and excellent survival rates. Regardless of the good prognosis, the abortion rates in Finland are higher than previously reported, and we hypothesize this to be due to lack of appropriate antenatal counselling.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts and the Influence of Consanguinity

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
NM Alamoudi ◽  
H J Sabbagh ◽  
NPT Innes ◽  
D El Derwi ◽  
AZ Hanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Orofacial Cleft ◽  
Prospective Surveillance ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Jeddah City ◽  
The Relationship

The Objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and describe the characteristics of non-syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOFC) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and examine the influence of consanguinity. Study Design: Six hospitals were selected to represent Jeddah's five municipal districts. New born infants with NSOFC born between 1st of January 2010 to 31st of December 2011 were clinically examined and their number compared to the total number of infants born in these hospitals to calculate the prevalence of NSOFC types and sub-phenotypes. Referred Infants were included for the purpose of studying NSOFC characteristics and their relationship to consanguinity. Information on NSOFC infants was gathered through parents’ interviews, infants’ files and patient examinations. Results: Prospective surveillance of births resulted in identifying 37 NSOFC infants born between 1st of January 2010 to 31st of December 2011 giving a birth prevalence of 0.80/1000 living births. The total infants seen, including referred cases, were 79 children. Consanguinity among parents of cleft palate (CP) cases was statistically higher than that among cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) patients (P=0.039). Although there appears to be a trend in the relationship between consanguinity and severity of CL/P sub-phenotype, it was not statistically significant (P= 0.248). Conclusions: Birth prevalence of NSOFC in Jeddah City was 0.8/1000 live births with CL/P: 0.68/1000 and CP: 0.13/1000. Both figures were low compared to the global birth prevalence (NSOFC: 1.25/1000, CL/P: 0.94/1000 and CP: 0.31/1000 live births). Consanguineous parents were statistically higher among CP cases than among other NSOFC phenotypes.

Cleft Lip and Palate in Jordan: Birth Prevalence Rate

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Al Omari ◽  
I. K. Al-Omari
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Oral Clefts ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Orofacial Clefting ◽  
Retrospective Investigation

Objective and Design A retrospective investigation was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of Jordanian children born with oral clefts from 1991 to 2001. Setting Hospital surgical records from two main sources were used to identify all children born with orofacial clefting. Information about date of birth, sex, cleft types, and associated major anomalies and syndromes were recorded. Results The overall prevalence rate for live births with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both was 1.39 per 1000 live births. Thirty percent of the clefts identified affected the lip, 22 percent affected the palate, and 48 percent involved the clefts of the lip and palate. In general, higher prevalence rates were found for boys than girls (55% boys versus 45% girls). There was a statistically significant sex difference between the cleft types. Clefts of the isolated palate, however, were more common in girls. Eighteen percent of patients with cleft were associated with major anomalies or syndromes. Conclusions The reported prevalence rate for orofacial clefts among Jordanians is similar to the previously reported prevalence rate in white Caucasians. Results and future recommendations are discussed.

Ethnic Variation in Oral Cleft Occurrence in Denmark 1981–2002

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-685
Author(s):  
Grete Skøtt Pedersen ◽  
Dorthe Almind Pedersen ◽  
Laust Hvas Mortensen ◽  
Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen ◽  
Kaare Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Danish Population ◽  
Oral Cleft ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
World Region ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Medical Birth Register

Objective To examine differences in oral cleft (OC) occurrence based on maternal only and parental country of origin in Denmark from 1981 to 2002. Methods Data on all live births from the Danish Medical Birth Register from 1981 to 2002 were linked with the Danish Facial Cleft Database. Cleft cases were categorized into isolated and nonisolated cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CP). Birth prevalence was calculated as cases per 1,000 live born children by maternal country of origin, world region, and mixed parental groups. Results We identified 3094 OC cases among 1,319,426 live births. Danish-born women had an OC birth prevalence of 2.38 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.29–2.47) and foreign-born women a significant lower prevalence of 2.01 (CI, 1.77–2.27). This difference was explained by a lower isolated CL/P birth prevalence among foreign-born women of 0.97 (CI, 0.81–1.16) versus 1.35 (CI, 1.28–1.41). No significant differences were seen for the remaining subtypes. Parents with the same foreign country of origin had a lower overall OC (1.63; CI, 1.35–1.94) and isolated CL/P (0.76; CI, 0.57–0.99) birth prevalence than Danish-born parents. This was not the case for any of the mixed parental groups. Overall and subtype prevalence rates varied according to maternal categories of world region. Conclusion In this study we found differences in OC occurrence among all live births in the Danish population based on maternal country of origin from 1981 to 2002. Danish-born women had higher OC and isolated CL/P birth prevalence compared with foreign-born women.

An Epidemiologic Study of Isolated Cleft Lip, Palate, or Both in Victoria, Australia from 1983 to 2000

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda D. Vallino-Napoli ◽  
Merilyn M. Riley ◽  
Jane Halliday
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Country Of Birth ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Cleft Lip Palate ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Objective To report the epidemiological characteristics of isolated cleft lip, cleft palate or both (CL ± P and CP) using population-based data in Victoria, Australia. Design Descriptive study of a cohort of children born between 1983 and 2000 notified to the Victorian Birth Defects Register by multiple ascertainment sources. Participants Data were collected on patients identified with CL ± P and CP without associated defects classified as live births, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, and terminated pregnancies < 20 weeks’ gestation following prenatal identification. Information was collected on sex, plurality, maternal age, and country of birth. Results The overall prevalence (per 10,000 pregnancies) of CL ± P was 7.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.30, 8.33; cleft lip [CL] 3.3; 95% CI = 2.97, 3.65, CL+P 4.5; 95% CI = 4.13, 4.91) and cleft palate (CP), 4.3 (95% CI = 3.89, 4.66). The prevalence of CL + P was higher among stillbirths, neonatal deaths, and terminated pregnancies than CL (without CP) and CP. Boys were at greater risk than girls for CL ± P and girls at greater risk than boys for CP. Regardless of cleft type, there was a nonsignificant excess of clefts among singleton births than multiple births and no related effects of maternal age or country of birth. Conclusions The prevalence of isolated CL ± P and CP in Victoria parallels other population-based studies of the same conditions. Inclusion of stillbirths, neonatal deaths, and terminations had little impact on rates. The effect of sex and plurality on cleft type is consistent with the literature, but the effects of maternal age and country of birth remain equivocal. Further studies focusing on certain ethnic groups are warranted to explain the higher rates observed.

Descriptive Epidemiology of Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate in Shanghai, China, from 1980 to 1989

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Cooper ◽  
Roslyn A. Stone ◽  
You-E Liu ◽  
Dan-Ning Hu ◽  
Michael Melnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Pregnancy History

Objective The purpose of this study was to characterize nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±CP) in an Asian population. Design Birth prevalence was assessed in a large birth series in Shanghai, China. A 1:3 sex-age-hospital matched case-control design was used to assess the effects of parental ages and pregnancy history on risk of CL±CP. Participants Records of live births from 1980 to 1989 in 22 hospitals in Shanghai, China, were reviewed, comprising 541,504 consecutive births, which is by far the largest such Chinese sample ever investigated. The case-control study included 528 (308 male, 220 female) nonsyndromic CL±CP cases and 1563 (912 male, 651 female) controls. Results From 1980 to 1989, the overall birth prevalence was 1.2 per 1000 live births with statistically significant seasonal variation (more CL±CP births in January to July). The overall male:female ratio was 1.40:1. For males, statistically significant associations were identified with maternal age for the most severe clefts (bilateral overall, and also bilateral CL+CP subgroup). For females, statistically significant association was shown for pregnancy age with birth order (overall and in most subgroups). Conclusions The birth prevalence of CL±CP in this Asian population was similar to published Caucasian rates. The observed seasonal variation would be consistent with possible environmental factors. Significant associations with maternal age, pregnancy age, and birth order warrant additional study of pregnancy history in Asian CL±CP.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic Trends of Infants With Orofacial Clefts in a Multiethnic Country: A Retrospective Population-based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Yow ◽  
Aizhen Jin ◽  
George SH Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Resident Population ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Associated Malformations

Abstract Objectives: To establish the population-based prevalence and trends of cleft live births, evaluate associated malformations and infant mortality rate (IMR), and delineate the orofacial cleft (OFC) topography, ethnic and gender-specific features of the resident-population in Singapore from 2003 to 2012. Cleft-births surveillance and data of affected individuals, families, ethnic groups, locations and environment are essential in upstream healthcare planning. Well-informed decisions supported by data are all-important in health policies.Methods: Resident population-based data were compiled from the National Birth Defects Registry (NBDR). The Registry’s data was established from multiple sources: cytogenetics and histopathology laboratories, neonatal wards and maternity hospitals, medi-claims, birth defects, death certificates with reported congenital anomalies, stillbirths and abortuses (spontaneous and elective). The significance level of trend testing was set at p<0.05.Results: Prevalence per 10 000 for all cleft live births was 16.72; isolated clefts with no associated malformations, cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip with cleft palate were 8.77, 6.85, 3.16, and 6.71, respectively. Prevalence in cleft live births was sexually dimorphic and ethnic-specific: Male, 17.72; Female, 15.78; Chinese group, 17.17; Malay group, 16.92; Indian group, 10.74; and mixed ethnicity group, 21.73. Infants with isolated clefts, non-isolated clefts with other malformations, and syndromic clefts were 52.5%, 42.1%, and 5.4%, respectively. Upward trend in infants with non-isolated clefts was significant (p=0.0287). The mortality rate in infants with clefts was 4.76%.Conclusions: The population-based prevalence for cleft live births was 16.72 per 10 000 with no significant upward trend. Co-occurrence of malformations and syndromes was found in almost half of all cleft live births. The IMR of infants with OFC was double that of the population norm.

Birth Prevalence of Oral Clefting in Northern Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jafar Golalipour ◽  
Arezo Mirfazeli ◽  
Naser Behnampour
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Oral Clefts ◽  
Oral Cleft ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Parental Consanguinity ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Isolated Cleft Palate

Objective: To explore the prevalence of oral clefting in northern Iran. Setting: In the Dezyani hospital 37,951 live births from 1998 through 2003 were screened for oral clefts. Clinical and demographic factors of diagnosed cases, including birth date, ethnicity, type of oral cleft, parental consanguinity, and coexisting anomalies, were recorded for analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of oral clefting was 0.97 per 1000 live births. The prevalence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate and isolated cleft palate was 0.60 and 0.37 per 1000, respectively. The prevalence of oral clefting was 1.08 per 1000 male births and 0.86 per 1000 female births. With respect to parental ethnicity, the prevalence of oral clefting was 0.86, 0.88, and 1.47 per 1000 in Fars, Turkman, and Sistani, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of oral cleft among live births in the Dezyani hospital is similar to that reported in the previous studies for Iran and whites.

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