Institutional Development and Good Governance in the Highway Sector

10.1596/27815 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnab Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Natalya Stankevich
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Institutional Development

Viewpoint Leadership lessons for institutional development in Albania and Kosovo: handout versus giving a hand

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-359
Author(s):  
Fron Nahzi
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Leadership Lessons ◽  
Contemporary Context ◽  
Local Leaders

PurposeThis essay draws on my experience in the democratic development of Albania and Kosovo. These leadership insights are shared in the contemporary context of the changes in the past ten years to the international development landscape in the Western Balkans and Central and Eastern Europe. My professional reflections on leading efforts to establish democratic institutions form the basis of these case studies on Albania and Kosovo. Drawing on these reflections (Schon, 1982) can generate a deeper understanding of the leadership practices that facilitated a successful transition, as well as make explicit the implicit practices in leadership that resulted in less than successful efforts.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis of the democratic development challenges in Albania and Kosovo are based on my experience in managing multi-million dollar nation building programs in both countries.FindingsThe democratic development of Kosovo and Albania illustrate the challenges that most leaders in governments and civil society face working in transitional societies. It should come as no surprise that their respective roles and goals will come into conflict as local leaders fight to hold onto power, while many Western good governance programs promote sharing of power. This conflict is complicated by the question of to whom the NGOs and international organizations are accountable – their donor or the community they are working in?Originality/valueThe analysis is based on personal experience in developing and implementing nation-building programs in Albania and Kosovo.

Tax Systems, Economic Development, and Good Governance

2016 ◽  
pp. 156-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savaş Çevik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
Tax Ratios ◽  
Tax Structures

The chapter examines tax structure and its relation to good governance and economic development in the MENA countries. First, it discusses how different tax systems and tax structures in the region compared with other countries. MENA region can be characterized with low level of tax-to-GDP ratio compared to other groups of countries. However, tax systems considerably diverge within the region. Most importantly, whether having hydrocarbon revenues meaningfully divides the region's countries with respect to tax composition, tax levels, tax ratios and tax regimes. Literature suggests that natural resource revenue is also an important determinant of governance and institutional development that have impact on economic development, while good governance, a more legitimate and responsive state is an essential factor for a more adequate level of tax effort. Therefore, the second section of the study examines the relationships between taxation and good governance with emphasis on the MENA region.

scholarly journals Institutional Development for Good Governance: the role of intermediary NGOs in Pará state, Amazonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 793-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria de Albuquerque Vasconcellos ◽  
Mário Vasconcellos Sobrinho
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Environmental Development ◽  
Family Based

The paper analyses the roles of intermediary NGOs for linkages between government and rural communities in carrying out socio-environmental development programs as a mean of institutional development for good governance. In particular, the paper focuses on the Proambiente program that was carried out in Pará State, Amazonia, Brazil. This program was the first experience of a socio-environmental development program in Brazilian Amazonia that took into account local communities' demands to link environmental conservation and small-scale family-based rural production. Methodologically, the research was based on qualitative analysis and used semi-structured interviews for data collection. The paper shows that NGOs as intermediaries between government and rural communities is a significant mechanism to promote the strengthening of the power of local communities, to create bridges between federal government and local communities; and to stimulate participatory processes by engaging rural communities' culture and knowledge in socio-environmental development program as Proambiente.

scholarly journals Promoting Good Governance

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gerald E. Caiden ◽  
Yoshikazu Kitaguchi
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Development ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
World Conference ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations

From May 31 to June 4,1999 over eight hundred participants from al1 levels of government and nongovernmental organisations attended the World Conference on Governance held in the Philippines. It had been organised by the Eastern Regional Organisation for Public Administration (EROPA), the Philippine Civil Service, and the National College of Public Administration and Governance at the University of the Philippines, in cooperation with numerous international and regional organisations, including the Asian Development Bank, the Canadian International Development Agency, the Economic Development Institute of the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Its theme was From Government to Governance with emphasis on public finance, capacity building and partnerships. But its major concern was promoting good governance, a topic which has been attracting increasing international attention since the late 1980s and has become a key objective of many technical assistance programmes. The World Conference can be seen as a culmination of these efforts to focus on good governance in institutional development and to prepare an agenda for future action by taking account of current ideas and opinions of all those involved. What follows is a brief overview of some major issues that run through the notion of promoting good governance.

scholarly journals The Role of Geography in Shaping Governance Performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Baluga ◽  
Bruno Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Resource Flows ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Arab Spring

This paper demonstrates that good governance in one country can influence governance improvements in neighboring countries and highlights that regional political and economic cooperation can benefit institutional development across borders. Governance has a spatial dimension due to spillovers and resource flows across juridical boundaries. This paper finds that governance in a given country—manifested most clearly through voice and accountability—exhibits a positive relationship with those in neighboring countries. Feedback mechanisms are traced in that any change in the income level of a country can affect its governance performance and also impact the governance scores of neighboring countries. This phenomenon is observed in the “Arab Spring,” “Me Too,” and “Black Lives Matter” cross-border movements

scholarly journals Corporate University and Development of HR Street-Level Bureaucracy

2019 ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Dedi Kusuma Habibie ◽  
Atika Ulfa Putri
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Corporate University ◽  
Street Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bureaucratic Reform ◽  
Street Level Bureaucracy

The development of science and technology is now so rapid, globalization, industrial revolution 4.0, e-Government etc. Affect the functioning of the current bureaucracy, various efforts taken by the government to be able to adapt to changes, bureaucratic reform, good governance   and   various   other   approaches   focusing   on   professional   institutional development and bureaucratic human resources, until now the approach has continued and continues to look for various approaches that are deemed feasible in increasing the professionalism  of  bureaucratic  human  resources,  especially  at  street-level  bureaucracy which is directly in contact with the community.Corporate University approach (CU) in increasing the professionalism of street-level bureaucracy, what is offered by the CU approach and how this approach can develop street-level bureaucracy. This study uses the literature review method by paying attention to various scientific works that are considered important to explain the topics raised.

scholarly journals Governance and Financial Development: Evidence from the Middle East and North Africa Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badry Hechmy
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Econometric Approach ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

Since the 1990s, the promotion of good governance has been a priority for major international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.  This article aims to estimate the effect of institutional development on financial development in MENA countries during the period 1996 to 2013.  Drawing on Demetriades and Luintel (1996) and Ito (2006), the econometric approach used is based on the GMM, the autocorrelation test for errors of Arellano and Bond (1991), and the over-identification test of Sargan for dynamic panel data. The results derived from this study show a considerable delay in financial development in MENA countries compared to several other emerging countries in Asia and Latin America. Furthermore, it shows a negative effect of institutional development on financial development.  This unexpected relationship between these two variables has two explanations. First, the delusory level of institutional development of some countries in the region actually remains under the threshold beyond which it begins to positively affect the financial sector. Second, the political unrest experienced by the region during the study period has encouraged the informal financial sector to the detriment of the formal sector.

Sierra Leone: Military Coups and Dictatorships

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy D. Kandeh
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
State Power ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Political Class ◽  
People's Party ◽  
Military Disengagement ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Senior Officers ◽  
The Military

The recurrence of subaltern coups and the involvement of politicians in these usurpations of state power are key features of military interventions in Sierra Leone. The losers of the 1967 and 1996 general elections instigated and/or supported coups that toppled the elected governments, and the coups of 1968 and 1992 also attracted the support of many disgruntled politicians. The country’s first two coups and the 1992 coup were pro-SLPP (Sierra Leone People’s Party) while the 1968 and 1997 coups were broadly supportive of the All People’s Congress party. Collusion between military factions and politicians permeates all ranks of the army but is particularly salient among senior officers, who share the same class location with politicians but not with armed subalterns whose ties to politicians are based not on shared class interests but on patronage and communal solidarity. Subaltern usurpations of state power in Sierra Leone reflect, inter alia, the extent to which senior officers have been clientelized by political incumbents and rendered less prone to stage coups in the contemporary period. Far more likely to attempt coups are armed regulars who, as a substratum, are unclientelizable, malleable, and often unpredictable. That the last three coups (1997, 1992, 1968) were carried out by this insurgent militariat is indicative of how senior officers have been displaced as major coup plotters since the 1960s. The underlying causes of these coups are rooted in state failures, low levels of institutional development, endemic corruption, politicization of the military, and the failure of the country’s political class to deliver development and good governance. Deterring coups in the future will depend as much on what politicians do as on what subaltern factions of the military are planning or capable of doing, but distancing politicians from the military and prolonging democratic rule are critical to reducing the probability of coups. Neither civilian nor military factions of the country’s political class are genuinely committed to democratic governance, but the two most important factors holding the military in check are the relatively long duration of constitutional rule (1998 to the present) and the global community’s hostility to military seizures of power. Four elections have been held since the last coup in 1997, with power twice (2007, 2018) alternating between the two main political parties. Elections are no longer precipitating coups, and the more of them that are held freely and fairly the better the prospects for military disengagement from politics and democratic maturation.

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