scholarly journals Relationships between Body Composition and Physical Function among Community-Dwelling Elderly

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro KAI ◽  
Shin MURATA ◽  
Hiroshi OTAO ◽  
Jun MURATA ◽  
Nozomi IKEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a resistance training program on physical function, muscle strength, and body composition in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Bremseth Bårdstu ◽  
Vidar Andersen ◽  
Marius Steiro Fimland ◽  
Lene Aasdahl ◽  
Truls Raastad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Aging is associated with reduced muscle mass and strength leading to impaired physical function. Resistance training programs incorporated into older adults’ real-life settings may have the potential to counteract these changes. We evaluated the effectiveness of 8 months resistance training using easily available, low cost equipment compared to physical activity counselling on physical function, muscle strength, and body composition in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care. Methods This open label, two-armed, parallel group, cluster randomized trial recruited older adults above 70 years (median age 86.0 (Interquartile range 80–90) years) receiving home care. Participants were randomized at cluster level to the resistance training group (RTG) or the control group (CG). The RTG trained twice a week while the CG were informed about the national recommendations for physical activity and received a motivational talk every 6th week. Outcomes were assessed at participant level at baseline, after four, and 8 months and included tests of physical function (chair rise, 8 ft-up-and-go, preferred- and maximal gait speed, and stair climb), maximal strength, rate of force development, and body composition. Results Twelve clusters were allocated to RTG (7 clusters, 60 participants) or CG (5 clusters, 44 participants). The number of participants analyzed was 56–64 (6–7 clusters) in RTG and 20–42 (5 clusters) in CG. After 8 months, multilevel linear mixed models showed that RTG improved in all tests of physical function and maximal leg strength (9–24%, p = 0.01–0.03) compared to CG. No effects were seen for rate of force development or body composition. Conclusion This study show that resistance training using easily available, low cost equipment is more effective than physical activity counselling for improving physical function and maximal strength in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care. Trial registration ISRCTN1067873

Association of Dairy Intake with Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Community-Dwelling Women

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 1669-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Radavelli-Bagatini ◽  
Kun Zhu ◽  
Joshua R. Lewis ◽  
Satvinder S. Dhaliwal ◽  
Richard L. Prince
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Dairy Intake

Effect of Isometric Tongue Lifting Exercise on Oral Function, Physical Function, and Body Composition in Community-Dwelling Older Individuals: A Pilot Study

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kiyomi Iyota ◽  
Shinsuke Mizutani ◽  
Hiro Kishimoto ◽  
Saori Oku ◽  
Asuka Tani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Tongue Pressure ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Oral Function ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Oral Frailty

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> It is known that oral frailty is one of the risk factors for physical frailty. Therefore, early detection, appropriate treatment, and prevention of oral frailty are really important. Tongue lifting exercise has been identified as a well-known method for improving decreased tongue pressure, one of the factors for oral frailty. However, few reports have investigated how tongue-strengthening exercises affect physical function and body composition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of isometric tongue lifting exercises on oral function, physical function, and body composition. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Participants were 49 elderly people aged 68–79 years, who had previously participated in the “Itoshima Frail Study.” Participants performed isometric tongue lift exercises for 3 months. Oral function (tongue pressure and oral diadocokinesis), physical function (grip strength, open-eyed one-leg standing, sit-to-stand motion time, 5-m gait speed, and 3-m Timed up and go [TUG]), and body composition were measured at baseline and post-intervention, and the extent of changes in each item was statistically analyzed. Furthermore, participants were divided into physical frailty/pre-frailty and robust groups based on the Japanese version of the frail scale proposed by [BMC Geriatr. 2015 Apr;15:36] and were compared in terms of the extent of changes in each item baseline and the post-intervention. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After the intervention, oral function increased significantly together with a significant improvement in physical function, open-eyed one-leg standing time, sit-to-stand motion, and 3-m TUG. For body composition, visceral fat level and basal metabolic rate decreased significantly. Although no significant change in body composition was observed in the physical frailty/pre-frailty group after the intervention, significant improvements in several items were observed in the robust group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Isometric tongue lifting exercise can effectively improve oral function. Furthermore, it might affect physical function and body composition.

Association of dietary variety with body composition and physical function in community-dwelling elderly Japanese

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 691-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Yokoyama ◽  
M. Nishi ◽  
H. Murayama ◽  
H. Amano ◽  
Y. Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Dietary Variety ◽  
Elderly Japanese

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Wellness in New York City Community-Dwelling Seniors (P01-035-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Briana Nyemchek ◽  
Lucy Quigley ◽  
Sonja Molfenter ◽  
Kathleen Woolf
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Calf Circumference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives The older adult population is increasing worldwide, placing significant burden on healthcare and support systems. Meeting nutrition and physical activity guidelines is critical to maintain health and quality of life (QOL). The objective of this study was to assess nutrition, swallowing, body composition, and physical function in community-dwelling seniors (CDSs) and describe the prevalence of poor status. Methods CDSs (n = 54; 42 female; age = 80.1 ± 6.7; body mass index [BMI] = 25.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2) participated in a wellness visit to assess a) nutrition (Dietary Screening Tool [DST], an instrument that identifies nutritional risk), b) swallowing (90 ml water swallow challenge; EAT-10 swallowing screening tool) c) body composition (waist circumference; calf circumference; body fat mass index [BFMI]; fat-free mass index [FFMI]), and d) physical function (SARC-F, a five item sarcopenia screener; Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB], testing balance, gait speed, and sit to stand). Height was measured using a portable stadiometer; weight with a Seca digital scale. Waist and calf circumferences were measured in triplicate. Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis using the Quad Scan 4000 multifrequency analyzer (BodyStat). BFMI (fat mass, kg/[height, m]2) and FFMI (fat-free mass, kg/[height, m]2) were determined. Results The DST revealed that 11(20.4%) and 35(64.8%) of the CDSs were “at risk” and “possible risk” for poor nutritional status, respectively. Although the EAT-10 documented swallowing difficulties in 5(9.3%) of the CDSs, 12 (22.2%) failed the 90 ml water swallow challenge, consistent with risk of swallowing impairment. Excess adiposity was found in 31(57.4%) using waist circumference and 30(55.6%) using BFMI. Low muscle mass, captured by FFMI, was found in 35(64.8%) of the CDSs. Calf circumference values revealed malnutrition in 3(5.6%) of the CDSs. Six (11.1%) of the CDSs had SARC-F scores associated with poor physical function indicating significant muscle loss in aging. Similarly, SPPB results revealed 14(25.9%) had poor lower extremity physical function. Conclusions CDSs exhibit impairments in these measures of wellness, placing their health and QOL at risk. Research examining the impact of lifestyle interventions on these measures is needed. Funding Sources None

scholarly journals A poor appetite or ability to eat and its association with physical function amongst community-dwelling older adults: age, gene/environment susceptibility-Reykjavik study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Chang ◽  
Olof G. Geirsdottir ◽  
Lenore J. Launer ◽  
Vilmundur Gudnasson ◽  
Marjolein Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Poor Appetite ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract A poor appetite or ability to eat and its association with physical function have not been explored considerably amongst community-dwelling older adults. The current study examined whether having an illness or physical condition affecting one’s appetite or ability to eat is associated with body composition, muscle strength, or physical function amongst community-dwelling older adults. This is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the age, gene/environment susceptibility-Reykjavik study (n = 5764). Illnesses or physical conditions affecting one’s appetite or ability to eat, activities of daily living, current level of physical activity, and smoking habits were assessed with a questionnaire. Fat mass, fat-free mass, body mass index, knee extension strength, and grip strength were measured, and the 6-m walk test and timed up-and-go test were administered. Individuals who reported illnesses or physical conditions affecting their appetite or ability to eat were considered to have a poor appetite. The associations of appetite or the ability to eat with body composition and physical function were analysed with stepwise linear regression models. A total of 804 (14%) individuals reported having conditions affecting their appetite or ability to eat and had a significantly lower fat-free mass and body mass index, less grip strength, and poorer physical function than did those without any conditions affecting their appetite or ability to eat. Although the factors reported to affect one’s appetite or ability to eat are seldom considered severe, their strong associations with physical function suggest that any condition affecting one’s appetite or ability to eat requires attention.

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