Effect of Isometric Tongue Lifting Exercise on Oral Function, Physical Function, and Body Composition in Community-Dwelling Older Individuals: A Pilot Study

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kiyomi Iyota ◽  
Shinsuke Mizutani ◽  
Hiro Kishimoto ◽  
Saori Oku ◽  
Asuka Tani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Tongue Pressure ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Oral Function ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Oral Frailty

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> It is known that oral frailty is one of the risk factors for physical frailty. Therefore, early detection, appropriate treatment, and prevention of oral frailty are really important. Tongue lifting exercise has been identified as a well-known method for improving decreased tongue pressure, one of the factors for oral frailty. However, few reports have investigated how tongue-strengthening exercises affect physical function and body composition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of isometric tongue lifting exercises on oral function, physical function, and body composition. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Participants were 49 elderly people aged 68–79 years, who had previously participated in the “Itoshima Frail Study.” Participants performed isometric tongue lift exercises for 3 months. Oral function (tongue pressure and oral diadocokinesis), physical function (grip strength, open-eyed one-leg standing, sit-to-stand motion time, 5-m gait speed, and 3-m Timed up and go [TUG]), and body composition were measured at baseline and post-intervention, and the extent of changes in each item was statistically analyzed. Furthermore, participants were divided into physical frailty/pre-frailty and robust groups based on the Japanese version of the frail scale proposed by [BMC Geriatr. 2015 Apr;15:36] and were compared in terms of the extent of changes in each item baseline and the post-intervention. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After the intervention, oral function increased significantly together with a significant improvement in physical function, open-eyed one-leg standing time, sit-to-stand motion, and 3-m TUG. For body composition, visceral fat level and basal metabolic rate decreased significantly. Although no significant change in body composition was observed in the physical frailty/pre-frailty group after the intervention, significant improvements in several items were observed in the robust group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Isometric tongue lifting exercise can effectively improve oral function. Furthermore, it might affect physical function and body composition.

scholarly journals Association between Physical Frailty Subdomains and Oral Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2931
Author(s):  
Ryo Komatsu ◽  
Koutatsu Nagai ◽  
Yoko Hasegawa ◽  
Kazuki Okuda ◽  
Yuto Okinaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Oral Frailty

This cross-sectional study aimed to demonstrate the association between physical frailty subdomains and oral frailty. This study involved community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥65 years). Physical frailty was assessed with the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. Oral frailty was defined as limitations in at least three of six domains. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between physical frailty risk and oral frailty. In addition, we examined the association between physical frailty subdomains (gait speed, grip strength, exhaustion, low physical activity, and weight loss) and oral frailty. A total of 380 participants were recruited for this study. Overall, 18% and 14% of the participants were at risk of physical frailty and had oral frailty, respectively. Physical frailty risk (odds ratio (OR) = 2.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–4.75, p = 0.012) was associated with oral frailty in multivariate analysis. In secondary analysis, among physical frailty subdomains, gait speed (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73–0.97, p = 0.019) was associated with oral frailty. The present findings suggest that physical frailty is closely related to oral frailty. Among physical frailty subdomains, decreased gait speed in particular is an important indicator related to the development of oral frailty.

scholarly journals Comparison of difficulty with activities of daily living in elderly adults undergoing hemodialysis and community-dwelling individuals: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Kutsuna ◽  
Yusuke Isobe ◽  
Takaaki Watanabe ◽  
Yusuke Matsunaga ◽  
Satomi Kusaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Difficulty Score ◽  
Usual Gait Speed

Abstract Background Elderly adults undergoing hemodialysis (HD) have multiple comorbidities, physical frailty, and functional dependence with activities of daily living (ADL). ADL difficulty is an early predictor of ADL dependency in community-dwelling elderly adults. However, the characteristics of ADL difficulty in patients undergoing HD have not yet been reported. The present study aimed to examine the current status and characteristics of physical function and ADL difficulty in ambulatory elderly patients undergoing HD. Methods In all, 136 elderly outpatients undergoing HD and 40 community-dwelling controls participated in the present study. The characteristics, physical function (SARC-F score, grip strength, five-times sit-to-stand test time, usual gait speed, maximum gait speed, and short physical performance battery score), and scores from the ADL difficulty questionnaires [difficulty related to upper limb (U/L) and lower limb (L/L) functions] were compared between the HD and control groups. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine whether the characteristics of physical function were able to discriminate ADL difficulty in the HD group. Results The HD group had a significantly greater SARC-F score, lower grip strength, longer five-times sit-to-stand test time, slower usual gait speed, slower maximum gait speed, lower short physical performance battery score, and lower U/L and L/L ADL difficulty scores compared to the control group (all P < 0.001). The distribution of U/L and L/L ADL difficulty scores showed a wider variation in the HD group than in the control group. The U/L ADL difficulty score was independently associated with the SARC-F score (β = −0.52, P < 0.001) and grip strength (β = 0.21, P = 0.02). The L/L ADL difficulty score was independently associated with the SARC-F score (β = −0.56, P < 0.001) and usual gait speed (β = 0.35, P < 0.001). Conclusions The elderly HD group had a poorer physical function and experienced stronger ADL difficulty than the control group. There was an association between ADL difficulty and sarcopenia or poor physical function among patients undergoing HD. These findings provide useful data for effective clinical management to prevent decline of ADL in ambulatory elderly patients undergoing HD.

scholarly journals Relationships between Body Composition and Physical Function among Community-Dwelling Elderly

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro KAI ◽  
Shin MURATA ◽  
Hiroshi OTAO ◽  
Jun MURATA ◽  
Nozomi IKEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling

scholarly journals Dysphagia and Masticatory Performance as a Mediator of the Xerostomia to Quality of Life Relation in the Older Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Yu Lu ◽  
Jen-Hao Chen ◽  
Je-Kan Du ◽  
Ying-Chun Lin ◽  
Pei-Shan Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Masticatory Performance ◽  
Oral Function

Abstract Background: The impact of poor oral health on older adults’ quality of life is a public health problem. In this study, the mediating effects of dental status, occlusal condition, dysphagia, and masticatory performance on the association between xerostomia and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) were assessed in the older adult population. Methods: Stratified cluster sampling was used to recruit 1076 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older from Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Community care centers were randomly selected according to their geographic classifications (urban, rural, or mountainous areas). Assessments of dental status and occlusal condition were performed by dentists. Information on demographics, physical function, xerostomia, dysphagia and depression was collected through face-to-face interviews. Masticatory performance was evaluated using color-changeable chewing gum. OHRQoL was measured using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. Hierarchical regression models were used to assess the relationships between OHRQoL and physical function, dental status and oral function in older adults. Path analysis was used to estimate direct and indirect pathways between xerostomia and OHRQoL.Results: Participants with xerostomia exhibited a 0.20 OHRQoL reduction (p < .001) compared with patients with no xerostomia, and the direct effect accounted for 83.3% of the total effect. Dysphagia and masticatory performance were found to exert significant mediating effects on the association between xerostomia and OHRQoL (βs = 0.20 and −0.12, respectively; both p < .001; βs = 0.06 and −0.09, respectively; both p < .05). Moreover, potential mediating effects of the number of functional teeth (βs = −0.11 and −0.43, respectively; both p < .001) and occlusal condition (βs = 0.09 and 0.13, respectively; both p < .05) on the relationship between xerostomia and masticatory performance were noted.Conclusions: Dysphagia and masticatory performance may serve as pathways through which xerostomia affects quality of life. Early oral function intervention may be a valuable and actionable target for older adults to maintain quality of life. Our results further suggest that checkup and screening for oral dysfunction are essential to prevent or delay the onset of complications.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional associations of housework with cognitive, physical and sensorimotor functions in younger and older community-dwelling adults: the Yishun Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e052557
Author(s):  
Shuen Yee Lee ◽  
Benedict Wei Jun Pang ◽  
Lay Khoon Lau ◽  
Khalid Abdul Jabbar ◽  
Wei Ting Seah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Recreational Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sit To Stand

ObjectivesRegular moderate-to-vigorous intensity recreational physical activity (PA) improves physical and cognitive functions. However, the age-associated relationships between non-recreational PA and functional ability remain less explored. We examined the associations between housework and functional health among younger and older Singaporean community-dwelling adults.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsYounger (<65 years, n=249) and older (≥65 years, n=240) community-dwelling adults were randomly recruited from a large residential town in Singapore.Outcome measuresPhysical function was assessed using Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), repeated-chair-sit-to-stand and gait speed. Cognitive and sensorimotor functions were assessed using Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA), respectively.MethodsLight housework (LH) and heavy housework (HH), recreational, and occupational and transport-related PAs were assessed using PA questionnaires. Participants were dichotomised into low-volume and high-volume LH and HH groups. Results were adjusted for level of recreational and other non-recreational PAs.ResultsAmong older but not younger adults, RBANS scores were 8% and 5% higher in high HH and LH groups compared with low HH and LH groups, respectively (p=0.012 and p=0.016). Specifically, HH was associated with 14% higher attention score (p=0.014), and LH was associated with 12% and 8% higher immediate and delayed memory scores, respectively (p<0.001 and p=0.004). In older adults, sit-to-stand time and PPA scores were 8% and 23% lower in the high HH group than the low HH group, respectively (p=0.011 and p=0.040). SPPB and gait speed did not differ with age or HH. LH was not associated with physical or sensorimotor function.ConclusionsAmong older adults, housework is associated with higher cognitive function, specifically in attention and memory. Associations of housework with physical function and sensorimotor performance were intensity dependent. Housework PA is positively associated with functional health among community-dwelling older adults, independent of recreation and other non-recreational PAs. Further longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to establish causality.

scholarly journals Implementation of the mHealth App for Swallowing Tongue Pressure Strengthening Exercises in Older Adults (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
HyangHee Kim ◽  
Nam-Bin Cho ◽  
Kyung Min Kim ◽  
Minji Kang ◽  
Jinwon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Tongue Pressure ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Main Trial ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Term Maintenance

BACKGROUND Tongue pressure is one of the effective indices of swallowing function, which decreases with aging and disease progression. Previous research has shown beneficial effects of swallowing exercises combined with myofunctional tongue strengthening therapy on tongue function. Tongue exercises utilizing mobile Health (mHealth) technologies may have tremendous potential in advancing healthcare in the digital age to be more efficient for people with limited resources, especially for older adults. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the immediate and long-term maintenance effects of an 8-week home-based mHealth app intervention program aimed at improving the swallowing tongue pressure in older adults. METHODS We developed a mobile health (mHealth) app for intervention which was utilized for 8 weeks (3 times/day, 5 days/week, a total of 120 sessions) by 11 community-dwelling older adults (10 women; mean age: 75.7 years) who complained of swallowing difficulties. The app was used for three therapy maneuvers: effortful prolonged swallowing (EPS), effortful pitch glide (EPG), and effortful tongue rotation (ETR). Pre-intervention and post-intervention isometric and swallowing tongue pressures were measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). We also investigated the maintenance effects of the intervention on swallowing tongue pressure at 12-week post-intervention. RESULTS Eight out of 11 participants adhered to the home-based 8-week app therapy program with optimal intervention dosage. At the main trial endpoint (i.e., 8-week) of the intervention program, the participants demonstrated a significant increase in swallowing tongue pressure (median = 17.5 kPa at pre-intervention and 26.5 kPa at post-intervention; P < .05). However, long-term maintenance effects of the training program on swallowing tongue pressure at 12-week post-intervention were not observed. CONCLUSIONS Since swallowing tongue pressure is closely related with dysphagia symptoms, the combined methods of EPS, EPG, and ETR training have positively affected swallowing tongue pressure with their use as indirect and direct exercises. The mHealth app is a promising platform which can be used to deliver effective therapeutic service to vulnerable older adults. To investigate the therapeutic efficacy with a larger sample size as well as long-term effects of the intervention program, further studies are warranted. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/19585

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a resistance training program on physical function, muscle strength, and body composition in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Bremseth Bårdstu ◽  
Vidar Andersen ◽  
Marius Steiro Fimland ◽  
Lene Aasdahl ◽  
Truls Raastad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Aging is associated with reduced muscle mass and strength leading to impaired physical function. Resistance training programs incorporated into older adults’ real-life settings may have the potential to counteract these changes. We evaluated the effectiveness of 8 months resistance training using easily available, low cost equipment compared to physical activity counselling on physical function, muscle strength, and body composition in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care. Methods This open label, two-armed, parallel group, cluster randomized trial recruited older adults above 70 years (median age 86.0 (Interquartile range 80–90) years) receiving home care. Participants were randomized at cluster level to the resistance training group (RTG) or the control group (CG). The RTG trained twice a week while the CG were informed about the national recommendations for physical activity and received a motivational talk every 6th week. Outcomes were assessed at participant level at baseline, after four, and 8 months and included tests of physical function (chair rise, 8 ft-up-and-go, preferred- and maximal gait speed, and stair climb), maximal strength, rate of force development, and body composition. Results Twelve clusters were allocated to RTG (7 clusters, 60 participants) or CG (5 clusters, 44 participants). The number of participants analyzed was 56–64 (6–7 clusters) in RTG and 20–42 (5 clusters) in CG. After 8 months, multilevel linear mixed models showed that RTG improved in all tests of physical function and maximal leg strength (9–24%, p = 0.01–0.03) compared to CG. No effects were seen for rate of force development or body composition. Conclusion This study show that resistance training using easily available, low cost equipment is more effective than physical activity counselling for improving physical function and maximal strength in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care. Trial registration ISRCTN1067873

scholarly journals Chronic Fish Oil Consumption with Resistance Training Improves Grip Strength, Physical Function, and Blood Pressure in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Rok Lee ◽  
Edward Jo ◽  
Andy V. Khamoui
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Fish oil (FO) has received great attention for its health-enhancing properties. However, its potential synergistic effects with resistance training (RT) are not well established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of FO supplementation during 12-weeks of RT on handgrip strength, physical function, and blood pressure (BP) in community-dwelling older adults. Twenty-eight healthy older adults (10 males, 18 females; 66.5 ± 5.0 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: Control (CON), resistance training (RT), resistance training with FO (RTFO). Handgrip strength, physical function [five times sit-to-stand (5T-STS), timed up and go (TUG), 6-m walk (6MW), 30-s sit-to-stand (30S-STS)], and BP were measured pre- and post-intervention. ANOVA was used with significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Handgrip strength significantly increased in RT (+5.3%) and RTFO (+9.4%) but decreased in CON (−3.9%). All physical function outcomes increased in RT and RTFO. CON exhibited significantly decreased TUG and 30S-STS with no change in 5T-STS and 6MW. BP substantially decreased only in RTFO, systolic blood pressure (−7.8 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (−4.5 mmHg), mean arterial pressure (−5.6 mmHg), while no change was found in CON and RT. Chronic RT enhanced strength and physical function, while FO consumption combined with RT improved BP in community-dwelling older adults.

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