scholarly journals Influence of Plastic Ankle-Foot Orthoses that Have Different Shapes and Mechanics for Plantar-Flexion Control on the Ankle Joint during the Stance Phase of Drop-Foot Walking

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-448
Author(s):  
Kenichi KOBARA ◽  
Masaki ISE ◽  
Atsuko EGUCHI ◽  
Yuichi ISHIURA ◽  
Koichi UEDA
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Drop Foot ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses ◽  
Different Shapes

Polypropylene Ankle Foot Orthoses to Overcome Drop-Foot Gait in Central Neurological Patients: A Mechanical and Functional Evaluation

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan J. J. Bregman ◽  
Vincent De Groot ◽  
Peter Van Diggele ◽  
Hubert Meulman ◽  
Han Houdijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Cost ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Drop Foot ◽  
Functional Benefit ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Energy Cost Of Walking

The aim of this study was to assess the functional effects and mechanical contribution of Ankle Foot Orthoses (AFO) prescribed to overcome drop-foot gait. We hypothesized that poor functional effects of the AFO relate to insufficient mechanical contribution of the AFO during the swing phase, or unwanted constraining of the ankle during the stance phase. In seven patients with Stroke or Multiple Sclerosis, we determined changes in energy cost of walking resulting from wearing an AFO, as a measure of the functional effects. In addition, an instrumented gait analysis was performed, and the mechanical AFO properties were measured, to calculate the mechanical contribution of the AFO. The AFO was sufficiently stiff to effectively support the foot in swing, without hampering the ankle during stance. For the whole group, there was a significant improvement in walking speed and energy cost (12%). However, the AFO had no functional benefit in terms of a reduced energy cost of walking for three patients, who coherently demonstrated no pathological plantar flexion during swing without their AFO. We conclude that functional benefit from the AFO was only found when the mechanical AFO characteristics met the need to support the patients‘ mechanical deficiencies.

An Orthotic Joint Design for Enhancing Ankle Mobility With Ankle Foot Orthoses Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Baker ◽  
Philip Voglewede ◽  
Thomas Current ◽  
Barbara Silver-Thorn
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Drop Foot ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses ◽  
Ankle Mobility ◽  
Mobility Impaired

Abstract Articulated ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) are prescribed to treat drop-foot, a common neuromuscular weakness observed after a stroke. These assistive devices prevent the toe from dragging during swing (drop-foot) by providing a resistive moment at the ankle. However, existing ankle joint designs for articulated AFOs introduce additional gait pathologies as they also constrain ankle mobility during stance. A novel ankle joint for AFOs to prevent drop-foot during swing and improve ankle mobility during stance was developed, thereby reducing compensatory knee motion during stance. The design intent was to mimic the unconstrained kinematic response of a nonpathologic ankle at initial contact while preventing drop-foot during swing. The design incorporated two modes of operation: locked during swing for support and unlocked during stance for enhanced range of motion. Proof of concept testing with able-bodied subjects was conducted to test walking ability over level ground based on kinetic and kinematic parameters. The comparative tests confirmed the ability of the novel design to prevent drop-foot and its potential for enhanced ankle mobility during stance. Preliminary results indicate that the novel ankle joint should be refined to facilitate smooth and consistent unlocking but can be safely used in its current form with mobility impaired individuals.

scholarly journals IMU-Based Effects Assessment of the Use of Foot Orthoses in the Stance Phase during Running and Asymmetry between Extremities

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3277
Author(s):  
Juan Luis Florenciano Restoy ◽  
Jordi Solé-Casals ◽  
Xantal Borràs-Boix
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Running Injuries ◽  
The Right ◽  
Movement Differences

The objectives of this study were to determine the amplitude of movement differences and asymmetries between feet during the stance phase and to evaluate the effects of foot orthoses (FOs) on foot kinematics in the stance phase during running. In total, 40 males were recruited (age: 43.0 ± 13.8 years, weight: 72.0 ± 5.5 kg, height: 175.5 ± 7.0 cm). Participants ran on a running treadmill at 2.5 m/s using their own footwear, with and without the FOs. Two inertial sensors fixed on the instep of each of the participant’s footwear were used. Amplitude of movement along each axis, contact time and number of steps were considered in the analysis. The results indicate that the movement in the sagittal plane is symmetric, but that it is not in the frontal and transverse planes. The right foot displayed more degrees of movement amplitude than the left foot although these differences are only significant in the abduction case. When FOs are used, a decrease in amplitude of movement in the three axes is observed, except for the dorsi-plantar flexion in the left foot and both feet combined. The contact time and the total step time show a significant increase when FOs are used, but the number of steps is not altered, suggesting that FOs do not interfere in running technique. The reduction in the amplitude of movement would indicate that FOs could be used as a preventive tool. The FOs do not influence the asymmetry of the amplitude of movement observed between feet, and this risk factor is maintained. IMU devices are useful tools to detect risk factors related to running injuries. With its use, even more personalized FOs could be manufactured.

scholarly journals The effects of ankle-foot orthoses with plantar flexion stop and plantar flexion resistance using rocker-sole shoes on stroke gait: A randomized-controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-461
Author(s):  
Aliyeh Daryabor ◽  
Gholamreza Aminian ◽  
Mokhtar Arazpour ◽  
Mina Baniasad ◽  
Sumiko Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Single Support Phase

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of two ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs), AFO with plantar flexion stop (AFO-PlfS), and AFO with plantar flexion resistance (AFO-PlfR), while wearing standard shoes and rocker-sole shoes. Patients and methods: Between November 2017 and July 2018, in this randomized-controlled study, a total of 20 stroke patients (8 males, 12 females; mean age: 48.1 years; range, 33 to 65 years) in chronic phase were randomized to AFO groups (AFO-PlfS group, n=10 and AFO-PlfR group, n=10). Each group received the allocated AFO along with two kinds of shoes (standard shoe and rocker shoe) for a two-week adaptation. Two effects were separately evaluated: The orthotic effect and rocker shoe effect were defined as the evaluation of using an AFO wearing standard shoe compared to only standard shoe, and evaluation of using an AFO wearing rocker shoe compared to an AFO wearing standard shoe, respectively. The gait of each group was measured by three-dimensional motion analysis. Results: A significant orthotic effect was found in both AFO groups in spatiotemporal parameters and maximum ankle dorsiflexion in the single-support phase. Additionally, the AFO-PlfR group showed a significant improvement in the parameters related to the first rocker of gait, but not for AFO-PlfS group concerning the orthotic effect. The rocker shoe effect was found in significant reduction of peak ankle plantar flexor moment and power ankle generation during preswing for both AFO groups. Conclusion: According to the orthotic effect, an AFO-PlfR can create better function in the improvement of parameters related to the first rocker. Although a rocker shoe can facilitate rollover for weight progression in the third rocker of gait, it cannot make a strong push-off function in stroke survivors.

scholarly journals Stiffness control in posterior-type plastic ankle-foot orthoses: Effect of ankle trimline Part 1: A device for measuring ankle moment

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sumiya ◽  
Y. Suzuki ◽  
T. Kasahara
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Static Force ◽  
High Reproducibility ◽  
Ankle Moment ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses ◽  
Flexion Moment ◽  
Stiffness Control

A device was developed to measure the dorsi- and plantar flexion moment of plastic ankle-foot orthoses when deflected. It is operated by manually controlling a lever which is used to apply a nearly static force. Various orthoses can be classified according to the characteristics of the correcting force measured by this device. Simplicity and high reproducibility are the major advantages. However, to obtain measurements approximating the characteristics of orthoses under wearing conditions its use is restricted to orthoses made of low-viscosity materials.

scholarly journals A Model to Predict the Effect of Ankle Joint Misalignment on Calf Band Movement in Ankle-Foot Orthoses

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Fatone ◽  
Andrew H. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses ◽  
Foot Orthosis ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Accurate alignment of anatomical and mechanical joint axes is one of the major biomechanical principles pertaining to articulated orthoses, yet knowledge of the potential effects of axis misalignment is limited. The purpose of this project was to model the effects of systematic linear (proximal-distal and anterior-posterior) misalignments of single axis mechanical ankle joints in an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) in order to determine the degree and direction of calf band travel that would occur over a functional range of motion. Sagittal plane misalignments of the ankle joint centres of an AFO were simulated using a simple two-dimensional model for both a range of ankle angles and a typical able-bodied ankle kinematic curve for self-selected normal walking speed. The model assumed that no movement occurred between the foot and the foot-plate of the AFO. The model predicted that for anterior (positive horizontal) misalignments, dorsiflexion movements would cause the calf band to travel proximally (i.e., up the leg) and plantar flexion movements would cause the calf band to travel distally (i.e., down the leg). The opposite was predicted for posterior (negative horizontal) misalignments. Proximal (positive vertical) misalignments would cause only distal movements of the calf band while distal (negative vertical) misalignments would cause only proximal movements of the calf band. Anterior-posterior misalignments were found to have a much larger effect on the amount of calf band travel than proximal-distal misalignments.

Poster 60: Impact of the Ankle-Foot Orthoses on 3D Ankle Joint Rotation in Children with Spastic CP

PM&R ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. S129-S130
Author(s):  
Frederick T. Klingbeil ◽  
Xue-Cheng Liu ◽  
Elizabeth Moberg-Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Joint Rotation ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses
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