scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in Physical Function in Community-Dwelling People Aged 50-79 Years

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuhiro Tsubaki ◽  
Masayoshi Kubo ◽  
Ryosaku Kobayashi ◽  
Hirofumi Jigami ◽  
Hideaki E. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Association of physical activity with age-related changes in muscle echo intensity in older adults: a 4-year longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 1468-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Fukumoto ◽  
Yosuke Yamada ◽  
Tome Ikezoe ◽  
Yuya Watanabe ◽  
Masashi Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Echo Intensity ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Ultrasonic echo intensity (EI), an easy-to-use measure of intramuscular fat and fibrous tissues, is known to increase with aging. However, age-related changes in EI have not been examined in a longitudinal design. The objective of this study was to investigate 4-yr longitudinal changes in the EI of the quadriceps femoris in older adults, based on difference in physical activity (PA). This study included 131 community-dwelling older adults with a mean age of 72.9 ± 5.2 yr. Subcutaneous fat thickness (FT), muscle thickness (MT), and EI of the quadriceps femoris were measured by ultrasound. Isometric knee extensor strength was also measured. PA was assessed using a questionnaire at baseline, and participants were classified into the high or low PA groups. In 4 yr, a significant decrease in FT, MT, and strength was observed in both groups ( P < 0.05), whereas a significant decrease in EI was observed only in the high PA group ( P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that the difference in PA was a significant predictor of 4-yr changes in MT (β = 0.189, P = 0.031) and EI (β = −3.145, P = 0.045) but not in the body mass index, FT, or strength adjusted for potential confounders. The present findings suggest that greater PA has a positive effect on longitudinal changes in the MT and EI of the quadriceps femoris in older adults. In addition, greater PA may contribute to a future decrease in EI, and an increase in EI may not occur in 4 yr, even in older adults with lesser PA. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our results suggest that greater physical activity (PA) may mitigate future changes in muscle thickness and echo intensity (EI). A decrease in EI over 4 yr was observed in older adults with greater PA, and an increase in EI was not observed, even in older adults with smaller PA. Several cross-sectional studies demonstrated an increase in EI with aging. Additionally, the results of our longitudinal study suggest that an age-related increase in EI may be moderated after the old-age period.

Anabolic Hormones in Aging Women: Effects of Supplementation vs. Physical Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Anabolic Hormones ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Women ◽  
Age Related Changes

Aging is associated with a decline in bone mass, muscle mass, strength, and physical function, and women are more likely to suffer from these physical changes than men. The model presented in this paper illustrates the age related changes in anabolic hormones and how this may partly explain the diminished physical function of older women. The model can also be used to identify potential sites of intervention that could delay the atrophy of the musculoskeletal system. Various pharmacological hormone therapies have been shown to be beneficial, but there may be health risks associated with their use. There is evidence that regular physical activity is related to higher levels of anabolic hormones in older persons, therefore exercise could be an alternative to drugs for slowing the age related changes in the endocrine system. However, some research suggests that the hormone response to exercise is blunted in older women. This lower hormonal response may not be a consequence of aging per se but instead may result from secondary characteristics of aging such as a decline in physical fitness and exercise intensity or changes in body composition. Further research is needed to determine whether exercise-induced increases in endogenous hormones have clinical significance in improving muscle or bone mass in aging women. Key words: hormone replacement therapy, exercise, sex steroids, growth hormone, IGF-I

Age-Related Changes in the Neurologic Examination of Healthy Sexagenarians, Octogenarians, and Centenarians

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Nichols ◽  
K.J. Meador ◽  
D.W. Loring ◽  
L.W. Poon ◽  
G.M. Clayton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Neurologic Examination ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Quantitative Examination ◽  
Healthy Community ◽  
Future Population ◽  
Age Related Changes

Although numerous studies have focused on age-related changes in the nervous system, few have systematically assessed global neurologic examination changes, and even fewer have included the most elderly population, ie, the centenarians. To perform such a study, we developed a quantitative assessment that includes the major components of a standard bedside neurologic evaluation, with special emphasis on cognitive function. First, we demonstrated that the quantitated examination could correctly classify healthy controls and patients with stroke or dementia based on discriminant analysis. This examination was then applied to healthy community-dwelling elderly ranging from 60 to 108 years of age. Significant age-related neurobehavioral changes were apparent across even these most “successfully” aged groups. Analysis of the full pattern of cognitive and neurologic findings provided the most accurate assessment. Pathologic reflexes, reportedly associated with normal aging, occurred infrequently in this healthy geriatric population, suggesting that age-related changes in the neurologic examination may be more accurately interpreted when assessed in conjunction with cognitive status. This quantitative examination may be useful in future population-based studies of neurologic function in the aged.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Age-Prospective Memory Paradox Using Laboratory and Ecological Tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wen Koo ◽  
David L. Neumann ◽  
Tamara Ownsworth ◽  
David H. K. Shum
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Age Related Changes

Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to perform a planned action at a future time. Older adults have shown moderate declines in PM, which are thought to be driven by age-related changes in the prefrontal cortex. However, an age-PM paradox is often reported, whereby deficits are evident in laboratory-based PM tasks, but not naturalistic PM tasks. The key aims of this study were to: (1) examine the age-PM paradox using the same sample across laboratory and ecological settings; and (2) determine whether self-reported PM and cognitive factors such as working memory and IQ are associated PM performance. Two PM tasks were administered (ecological vs. laboratory) to a sample of 23 community-dwelling older adults (Mage = 72.30, SDage = 5.62) and 28 young adults (Mage = 20.18, SDage = 3.30). Participants also completed measures of general cognitive function, working memory, IQ, and self-reported memory. Our results did not support the existence of the age-PM paradox. Strong age effects across both laboratory and ecological PM tasks were observed in which older adults consistently performed worse on the PM tasks than young adults. In addition, PM performance was significantly associated with self-reported PM measures in young adults. For older adults, IQ was associated with time-based PM. These findings suggest that the age-PM paradox is more complex than first thought and there are differential predictors of PM performance for younger and older adults.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in Serum Testosterone and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Australian Men: Longitudinal Analyses of Two Geographically Separate Regional Cohorts

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 3599-3603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Y. Liu ◽  
Jonathan Beilin ◽  
Christian Meier ◽  
Tuan V. Nguyen ◽  
Jacqueline R. Center ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract Background: Cross-sectional studies from different populations show a variable decline in blood testosterone concentrations as men age. Few population representative cohorts have been followed up over time. Objective: The objective of the study was to quantify longitudinally the change in serum testosterone and SHBG concentrations with age in two well-defined, representative but geographically widely separated regional Australian cohorts. Subjects and Setting: The Busselton cohort comprises individuals aged 18–90 yr residing in Western Australia assessed prospectively since 1981. Sera were assayed from 910 men, from whom further samples were available 14 yr later in 480. The Dubbo cohort involves individuals aged 61–90 yr living in Eastern Australia. Baseline sera were collected from 610 men and additional sera on a second (n = 370) and third (n = 200) occasion from 1989 to 2004. Men from both cohorts are community dwelling and of predominately European origin. Results: Longitudinal analyses show the following: 1) total testosterone declines comparably (P &gt; 0.9) by 1.3% (Busselton) and 0.9% (Dubbo) per annum with the same rates of decline when analyses were restricted to men older than 60 yr of age; 2) annual changes in SHBG were also very similar in age-restricted analyses (2.3% vs. 2.5%, P = 0.48); and 3) the annual increase in SHBG was steeper in middle-aged and older men (P &lt; 10−3vs. young men). These longitudinal changes were all up to 4-fold greater in magnitude, compared with cross-sectional analyses of baseline data. Conclusion: In two separate regional Australian populations, blood testosterone fell and SHBG increased comparably with age. Age-related changes in blood testosterone and SHBG previously described in urban-dwelling men are the same in men who reside in smaller regional cities of another continent.

scholarly journals The Role of Psychological and Social Well-being on Physical Function Trajectories in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1579-1585
Author(s):  
Marguerita Saadeh ◽  
Anna-Karin Welmer ◽  
Serhiy Dekhtyar ◽  
Laura Fratiglioni ◽  
Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
National Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Rate Of Decline

Abstract Background Psychological and social well-being are emerging as major determinants in preserving health in old age. We aimed to explore the association between these factors and the rate of decline in physical function over time in older adults. Methods Data were gathered from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). The study population consisted of 1,153 non-demented, community-dwelling men and women free from multimorbidity or impairments in basic or instrumental activities of daily living at baseline. They were followed over 12 years to capture the rate of decline in physical function, which was measured by combining data on walking speed, balance, and chair stands. The association between baseline psychological and social well-being and decline in physical function was estimated through linear mixed models, after multiple adjustments including personality and depressive symptoms. Results Higher levels of psychological (β = .007; p = .037) and social (β = .008; p = .043) well-being were significantly associated with a decreased rate of decline in physical function over the follow-up. There was a significant three-way interaction between psychological well-being*time*sex (female vs male) (β = .015; p = .047), showing that a slower decline in physical function was observed only among women and not in men. The association was strongest for individuals with high levels of both psychological and social well-being (β = .012; p = .019). Conclusion High levels of psychological and social well-being may slow down the age-related decline in physical function, which confirms the complexity of older adults’ health, but also points towards new preventative strategies.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in Instrumental and Basic Activities of Daily Living Impairment in Older Adults with Very Mild Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Tabira ◽  
Maki Hotta ◽  
Miki Murata ◽  
Kazuhiro Yoshiura ◽  
Gwanghee Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Background/Aims: Age-related changes in impairments in activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults with very mild Alzheimer’s disease (vmAD) have been scarcely explored. We clarified the characteristics of ADL impairment and examined how ADL impairments differed by age in such patients compared with community-dwelling cognitively normal older adults. Methods: The participants were 107 older adults with vmAD (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] score ≥24), all of whom were first-visit outpatients at the Dementia Clinic of the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kumamoto University Hospital. The controls were 682 community-dwelling older adults who participated in the 3rd Nakayama Study with MMSE score ≥24. We examined the association of instrumental and basic ADL (IADL and BADL, respectively) independence with the odds of vmAD using multiple logistic regression analysis and determined differences in ADL impairment by age using age- and sex-matched analysis. Results: Impairments in handling finances (OR 57.08), managing medication (OR 5.13), and dressing (OR 3.35; BADL) were associated with greater odds of vmAD. Among those aged 65 years and above, there were fewer patients with vmAD than healthy controls who could independently handle finances and medication. Among patients with vmAD, the percentages of those who could independently manage shopping, food preparation, and housekeeping only decreased after age 74. Age-related decreases in independence were observed in few BADL items; these, however, were temporary. Conclusions: Patients with vmAD show significantly decreased IADL independence from early old age.

scholarly journals Feasibility of population screening tests to establish a healthy ageing trajectory

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211882244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J Gordon ◽  
Karen A Grimmer ◽  
Nicky Baker ◽  
Elaine Bell ◽  
John Coveney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Decline ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Foot Sensation ◽  
Age Related Changes

Objectives: There are no agreed comprehensive tests for age-related changes to physical, emotional, mental and social functioning. Research into declining function focuses on those 75 years and older and little is known about age-related changes in younger people. The aims of this project were (1) to ascertain a comprehensive test battery that could underpin community-based health screening programmes for people aged 40–75 years and pilot both (2) community-based recruitment and (3) the utility, acceptability, response burden and logistics. Methods: A total of 11 databases were searched using a broad range of relevant terms. An identified comprehensive, recent, high-quality systematic review of screening instruments for detection of early functional decline for community-dwelling older people identified many relevant tools; however, not all body systems were addressed. Therefore, lower hierarchy papers identified in the rapid review were included and expert panel consultation was conducted before the final test battery was agreed. Broad networks were developed in one Australian city to aid pilot recruitment of community-dwellers 40–75 years. Recruitment and testing processes were validated using feasibility testing with 12 volunteers. Results: The test battery captured (1) online self-reports of demographics, health status, sleep quality, distress, diet, physical activity, oral health, frailty and continence; and (2) objective tests of anthropometry; mobility; lung function; dexterity; flexibility, strength and stability; hearing; balance; cognition and memory; foot sensation; and reaction time. Recruitment and testing processes were found to be feasible. Conclusion: This screening approach may provide new knowledge on healthy ageing in younger people.

scholarly journals Chronic kidney disease: prevalence and association with handgrip strength in a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Cheng ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Haifeng Xu ◽  
Xiaotian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence

Abstract Background Poor physical function is strongly associated with mortality and poor clinical outcomes in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Handgrip strength (HGS) is an important index for physical function in the general population, and the association between HGS and CKD is worth investigating. Methods From September to November 2015, we conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of 10,407 participants in Jurong City, China. Age-related and sex-specific HGS percentile curves were constructed using the GAMLSS method. In addition, logistic regression was applied to estimate the association between HGS and the presence of CKD with odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Results Participants with low HGS tended to be older and were more likely to have CKD (8.73 %). Smoothed centile curves of HGS showed a similar shape in both sexes: participants peaked at approximately 20–35 years old and gradually decreased after the age of 50. In addition, independent of age and other factors, the decreased presence of CKD was significantly identified in individuals with moderate (OR: 0.64, 95 % CI: 0.49–0.83) and high HGS (OR: 0.37, 95 % CI: 0.23–0.58). Conclusions We concluded that HGS was significantly negatively associated with CKD in Chinese community-dwelling persons.

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