scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in Instrumental and Basic Activities of Daily Living Impairment in Older Adults with Very Mild Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Tabira ◽  
Maki Hotta ◽  
Miki Murata ◽  
Kazuhiro Yoshiura ◽  
Gwanghee Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Background/Aims: Age-related changes in impairments in activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults with very mild Alzheimer’s disease (vmAD) have been scarcely explored. We clarified the characteristics of ADL impairment and examined how ADL impairments differed by age in such patients compared with community-dwelling cognitively normal older adults. Methods: The participants were 107 older adults with vmAD (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] score ≥24), all of whom were first-visit outpatients at the Dementia Clinic of the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kumamoto University Hospital. The controls were 682 community-dwelling older adults who participated in the 3rd Nakayama Study with MMSE score ≥24. We examined the association of instrumental and basic ADL (IADL and BADL, respectively) independence with the odds of vmAD using multiple logistic regression analysis and determined differences in ADL impairment by age using age- and sex-matched analysis. Results: Impairments in handling finances (OR 57.08), managing medication (OR 5.13), and dressing (OR 3.35; BADL) were associated with greater odds of vmAD. Among those aged 65 years and above, there were fewer patients with vmAD than healthy controls who could independently handle finances and medication. Among patients with vmAD, the percentages of those who could independently manage shopping, food preparation, and housekeeping only decreased after age 74. Age-related decreases in independence were observed in few BADL items; these, however, were temporary. Conclusions: Patients with vmAD show significantly decreased IADL independence from early old age.

The effect of preclinical Alzheimer's disease on age-related changes in intelligence in cognitively normal older adults

Intelligence ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karra D. Harrington ◽  
Christa Dang ◽  
Yen Ying Lim ◽  
David Ames ◽  
Simon M. Laws ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Preclinical Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

A Retrospective Study on the Benefits of Combined Citicoline, Memantine, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Treatments in Older Patients Affected with Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1509-1515
Author(s):  
Alberto Castagna ◽  
Andrea Fabbo ◽  
Ciro Manzo ◽  
Roberto Lacava ◽  
Carmen Ruberto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group

Background: Background: Citicoline has been proven to have beneficial effects in patients with cognitive impairment. In previous studies, combined treatment with memantine and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) maintained cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) better than memantine or AChEIs alone. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a combination therapy of oral citicoline, memantine, and an AChEI in AD when compared with memantine and an AChEI without citicoline. Methods: This was a retrospective multi-centric case-control study, conducted in Italian Centers for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Overall, 170 patients were recruited (34.11%of men, mean age 76,81±4.93 years): 48.8%treated with memantine and donepezil; 48.2%with memantine and rivastigmine; 2.9%with memantine and galantamine. 89 patients (control-group) were treated with memantine and an AChEI, whereas 81 patients (case-group) were treated with oral citicoline 1000 mg/day added to memantine and an AChEI given orally. Cognitive functions, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, comorbidities, mood and behavioral disturbances were assessed at baseline, month 6, and month 12. Results: In the case group, MMSE score had a statistically significant increasing trend between T0 and T2 (14.88±2.95 versus 15.09±3.00; p = 0.040), whereas in the control group, MMSE score showed a statistically significant decrease trend (14.37±2.63 versus 14.03±2.92 p = 0.024). Conclusion: In older patients with AD, a triple therapy with citicoline, memantine, and AChEI was more effective than memantine and AChEI without citicoline in maintaining the MMSE total score after 12 months.

scholarly journals Engaging with Aging: A Qualitative Study of Age-Related Changes and Adaptations

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 975-976
Author(s):  
Shaoqing Ge ◽  
Kuan-Ching Wu ◽  
Hillary Frey ◽  
Maryam Saudagaran ◽  
Derick Welsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Card Sort ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Submission Deadline ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract Engaging with Aging is an emerging framework proposed by Carnevali which provides a new lens to understand an active, conscious daily living process of coping with age-related changes (ARCs) taken on by older adults. Study aims were to 1) describe the ARCs experienced by community-dwelling older adults; 2) identify the strategies and resources used by older adults to accommodate the daily living challenges caused by the associated ARCs; and 3) evaluate the framework of EWA based on findings from aims 1 and 2. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 29 participants aged 64 to 98 online due to COVID-19 restrictions. We used a virtual card sort to assist data gathering. Fifteen ARCs (e.g., changes in hearing, changes in stability, changes in sleep, etc.) were mentioned by participants and their corresponding adaptations were discussed. We found that older adults linked their adaptations to their ARCs based on their changing capacities and needs. Commonly used adaptations included conserving energy, utilizing tools or technology, and being more conscious before and while taking actions. The challenges caused by COVID-19 in implementing the adaptations were also discussed (e.g., increased difficulty in understanding others due to mask-wearing). Our study substantiates the EWA framework by showing the commonality among older adults in linking ARCs with adaptations. Implications for clinicians and researchers include using EWA to help older adults identify personalized solutions that fit their capacities. Our study is late-breaking as we recently finished data analysis and the information included was not yet available by the previous submission deadline.

scholarly journals A-05 Dyadic Influence on Levels of Depression in Individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-795
Author(s):  
Conniff K ◽  
Gomez R
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Positive Aspects Of Caregiving

Abstract Objective Two people who are significantly linked, such as in a husband and wife relationship, are known as a dyad. Dyadic units are helpful to look at as members influence the function of one another. This study looks at families where one member is the caregiver and the other has Alzheimer’s disease and receives care (labeled here as Alzheimer’s disease care recipient or CR). Symptoms of Alzheimer’s include cognitive and functional impairment, social withdrawal, impaired judgment, and mood changes. Notably, there is little research examining how Alzheimer’s dyads influence one another’s level of depression. This study examines how the influence of cognitive and psychosocial variables from the dyad impact depression severity in CRs. Method Archival data of 670 Alzheimer’s disease community-dwelling care recipients from several major cities throughout the United States from the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregivers Health II (REACH II) study was analyzed. The measures included: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPL), Activities of Daily Living/Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), Caregiver Burden, Social Support, and Positive Aspects of Caregiving. Results A multiple regression found that caregiver burden (β = 0.34, p < .001), IADL (β = 0.14, p < .001), and positive aspects of caregiving (β = 0.10, p = .02) significantly predicted CR depression ratings. Conclusion Increased positive aspects of caregiving, caregiver burden, and higher levels of CR functional decline were associated with significantly increased levels of depression in CRs. Increased CR depression could correspond with higher levels of awareness during earlier stages of the disease process regarding their impairment and impact on their caregiver.

Comparison of Functional and Cognitive Donepezil Effects in Alzheimer's Disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Saine ◽  
C. Munro Cullum ◽  
Kristin Martin-Cook ◽  
Linda Hynan ◽  
Doris A. Svetlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
Living Skills

Donepezil has been shown to improve aspects of cognitive functioning in persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its impact on instrumental activities of daily living has received little attention. In a within-subject design, 24 community-dwelling persons with AD were treated with open-label donepezil over a 12-month period. To assess functional abilities, a brief, objective measure of instrumental activities of daily living skills was used (Texas Functional Living Scale; TFLS). Global cognitive abilities were assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Changes in TFLS and MMSE scores were much the same. Improvements on the TFLS and MMSE were seen over a 3-month period. At 12 months, both TFLS and MMSE scores declined slightly below baseline. These results support an effect of donepezil on cognitive measures and day-to-day function and also suggest that the MMSE reflects well the actual functional ability of persons with moderate AD.

scholarly journals Technology Used to Recognize Activities of Daily Living in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Nicola Camp ◽  
Martin Lewis ◽  
Kirsty Hunter ◽  
Julie Johnston ◽  
Massimiliano Zecca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Wearable Technology ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Environmental Technologies ◽  
Current Monitoring ◽  
Future Work

The use of technology has been suggested as a means of allowing continued autonomous living for older adults, while reducing the burden on caregivers and aiding decision-making relating to healthcare. However, more clarity is needed relating to the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) recognised, and the types of technology included within current monitoring approaches. This review aims to identify these differences and highlight the current gaps in these systems. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR, drawing on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Articles and commercially available systems were selected if they focused on ADL recognition of older adults within their home environment. Thirty-nine ADL recognition systems were identified, nine of which were commercially available. One system incorporated environmental and wearable technology, two used only wearable technology, and 34 used only environmental technologies. Overall, 14 ADL were identified but there was variation in the specific ADL recognised by each system. Although the use of technology to monitor ADL of older adults is becoming more prevalent, there is a large variation in the ADL recognised, how ADL are defined, and the types of technology used within monitoring systems. Key stakeholders, such as older adults and healthcare workers, should be consulted in future work to ensure that future developments are functional and useable.

Recruitment and Screening Methods in Alzheimer’s Disease Research: The FIT-AD Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Greimel ◽  
Jean F Wyman ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Fang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Recruitment Strategy ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Screening Process

Abstract Background Recruiting older adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia into clinical trials is challenging requiring multiple approaches. We describe recruitment and screening processes and results from the FIT-AD Trial, a single site, pilot randomized controlled trial testing the effects of a 6-month aerobic exercise intervention on cognition and hippocampal volume in community-dwelling older adults with mild-to moderate AD dementia. Methods Ten recruitment strategies and a four-step screening process were used to ensure a homogenous sample and exercise safety. The initial target sample was 90 participants over 48 months which was increased to 96 to allow those in the screening process to enroll if qualified. A tertiary analysis of recruitment and screening rates, recruitment yields and costs, and demographic characteristics of participants was conducted. Results During the 48-month recruiting period, 396 potential participants responded to recruitment efforts, 301 individuals were reached and 103 were tentatively qualified. Of these, 67 (69.8%) participants completed the optional magnetic resonance (MRI) imaging and seven were excluded due to abnormal MRI findings. As a result, we enrolled 96 participants with a 2.92 screen ratio, 2.14 recruitment rate, and 31.9% recruitment yield. Referrals (28.1%) and Alzheimer’s Association events/services (21.9%) yielded over 49% of the enrolled participants. Total recruitment cost was $ 38,246 or $ 398 per randomized participant. Conclusions A multi-prong approach involving extensive community outreach was essential in recruiting older adults with AD dementia into a single-site trial. For every randomized participant, three individuals needed to be screened. Referrals were the most cost-effective recruitment strategy.

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