Heavy Metals in Health Issues and Microbes in Remediation: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Issues

scholarly journals Association of Heavy Metals with Overall Mortality in a Taiwanese Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-hsueh Liu ◽  
Chih-Wen Wang ◽  
Da-Wei Wu ◽  
Wen-Hsien Lee ◽  
Ying-Chih Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Taiwanese Population ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Mortality

Abstract Previous studies have shown links between heavy metals and many health issues. However, data on the association between heavy metals and mortality in the general population are still limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between heavy metals and overall mortality in the general population. We enrolled 2,497 participants (1,001 males and 1,496 females) living in southern Taiwan, and measured levels of seven heavy metals: lead (Pb) in blood and cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) and arsenic (As) in urine. The median follow-up period was 41.8 (4-50) months, during which 40 (1.6%) patients died. Compared to the participants who survived, those who died had higher urine Cd, higher urine Cu and lower urine Mn levels. Multivariate analysis showed that high urine Cd (per 1 mg/L; hazard ratio [HR], 1.352; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.089-1.680; p = 0.006), high urine Cu (per 1 mg/dL; HR, 1.350; 95% CI, 1.151-1.583; p < 0.001), and low urine Mn (per 1 mg/L; HR, 0.717; 95% CI, 0.557-0.923; p = 0.010) were associated with increased overall mortality. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that high levels of urine Cd and Cu and low urine Mn level were associated with increased overall mortality in general population.

scholarly journals Rhizofiltration for Removal of Inorganic and Organic Pollutants in Groundwater: a Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 12326-12347
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
By Products

Groundwater serves as the water recharge of surface water and provides clean water for domestic, industrial, and agricultural usage for human life. However, rapid developments resulted in groundwater contamination by heavy metals, pesticides, waste by-products, cosmetics, pharmaceutics, and biological agents. Groundwater contamination by the percolation of heavy metals (HM) is focused on in this review. Heavy metals known for their persistence, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification properties are hazardous to live organisms. Long-term exposure to heavy metals brings adverse effects on respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, etc. They are considered toxins, carcinogens, mutagens, and teratogens for humans in low concentrations. Hence, technologies to remediate heavy metals and organic pollutant in groundwater is vital to prevent environmental and health issues. However, current conventional remediation technologies that are expensive, utilize hazardous materials, and produce toxic by-products in effluents are insufficient to alleviate heavy metals' effects in groundwater. Thus, an eco-friendly and cost-effective rhizofiltration method that adsorb, concentrate, and precipitate contaminants in or on plants' rhizosphere is introduced. This review portrays the mechanisms involved in rhizofiltration to remediate heavy metals-contaminated groundwater and describes the gaps for rhizofiltration to be a commercially viable technology.

Heavy Metals from Plantation to Search Health Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Goswami N ◽  
Mahato K ◽  
Tiwary R ◽  
Sinha S ◽  
Goswami B
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Issues

scholarly journals Known and anticipated medical geology issues in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Webrah Kazapoe ◽  
Emmanuel Arhin ◽  
Ebenezer Ebo Yahans Amuah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Medical Geology ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to review the known and anticipated medical geology problems in Ghana, to highlight the impact of some trace elements on human health and to reveal some essential aspects of medical geology on health. Design/methodology/approach Literature and empirical studies relating to medical geological issues in Ghana were reviewed. Secondary data were used in the present study such as case studies, reports, geological bulletins and published research studies. Findings High levels of heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium and mercury in gold extraction processes through artisanal small-scale mining have contributed to high concentrations of toxic elements in the environment. The distribution and availability of these elements in the environment are facilitated by the geological, chemical and local environmental activities that are irregularly spread exposing people mining areas to pollutions. Exposures to these elements in above and below baseline levels contributed to health implications including fluorosis, intellectual or developmental disability and death in some regions of Ghana. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases linked to mining activities were also presented in this study. Similarly, non-communicable diseases can affect many people if correct measures are not considered. Following the geometric increase in mining activities, it is anticipated that deleterious environmental and health impacts associated with mining may persist in mining areas in Ghana. Reported implications and continuous contamination of water bodies in mining areas could result in high pollution levels beyond treatment for human use or destroy aquatic habitats and aquatic lives through acid drainage. Above-threshold concentrations of heavy metals in soils could bio-accumulate in crops, and this could pose deleterious public health implications on consumers. Continuous effects posed on the environment and public health may prompt communities, regulatory institutions and government to reduce or ban mineral development. Originality/value This review has significantly revealed potential public health issues from the impact on the natural environment and recommends that medical geologists work together with medical workers to devise preventive and therapeutic techniques to address many geology-related-health issues in Ghana.

scholarly journals INTENSITY OF SOIL CONTAMINATION IN INDUSTRIAL CENTERS OF KAZAKHSTAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanzhol Iztileu ◽  
Olga Grebeneva ◽  
Maral Otarbayeva ◽  
Nina Zhanbasinova ◽  
Ekaterina Ivashina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

For Kazakhstan, with its vast territory, the problem of disposal of solid waste from metallurgical, energy and petrochemical industries is becoming more acute. Failure to comply with hygiene requirements for the placement and operation of landfills increases the area of contaminated land and could become a threat to the public of environmental safety of industrial centers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the soil contamination in the towns and cities of Kazakhstan and the allocation of areas of risk to public health. The content of heavy metals in the soil (manganese, zinc, copper, cobalt, nickel, lead, cadmium, mercury, selenium, tin, arsenic, vanadium) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer MGA-915M. Evaluation of the results was performed with respect to the MPC substances in the soil, the toxicity of the components. Summarized metal soil pollution index (IZ) was obtained by the sum of the rate of excess metal concentration above the level of its world-Clark. To assess the different risk residence zones scale with 5 levels of purity up to 2 - very clean, 2.8 net, 8-16 acceptable, 16-32 moderately dangerous, dangerous 32-128 was chosen. We developed the original software product using GIS technology to provide environmental information on an electronic map of the city in the form of color patches (polygons), matching levels summarized indicator of soil contamination. Found that the most contaminated soil were village Glubokoe where pollution reached dangerous or extremely dangerous levels, Aktau and Zhanaozen in which moderately hazardous contamination was detected throughout; Ust-Kamenogorsk and village Sholakkorgan where moderately hazardous contamination was noted in the fourth part of the urban area. The most common heavy metal toxicity 1-2 class that exceeded MCL in soils, were lead, copper and zinc, and in village Glubokoe - chromium and arsenic, in Aktau - cadmium. Visualization of environmental pollution in some urban areas puts into the hands of environmentalists a new tool in the analysis of environmental health issues to reduce the carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of soil contamination with heavy metals. The mapping results of soil contamination will contribute earmarking local authorities to carry out administrative measures to optimize the environment in the industrial centers.

scholarly journals A Review of Heavy Metal Toxicity, Effects and Methods for Estimating Heavy Metal Concentration in Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 612-615
Author(s):  
Laharshitha Kajol Shaik
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Heavy Metal Detection ◽  
Cadmium Lead

Heavy metals are metal ions which acts as carcinogens and causes serious health issues as they produce free radicals and these free radicals cause damage to DNA which eventually leads to cancer. They are non-degradable in nature and responsible for contamination of various natural resources in environment mainly water contamination has become a major problem. Many metal ions such as cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury are considered as toxic metals. The analysis of these metal ions is necessary and to detect these metal ions, several detection methods such as electrochemical biosensors, CNT’s, silver nanoparticles have been developed. In this paper, the toxicity and health effects of several heavy metals and their role in causing of oxidative stress have been summarized. Also, various heavy metal detection methods have been listed.

scholarly journals Association of Heavy Metals with Overall Mortality in a Taiwanese Population

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2070
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsueh Liu ◽  
Chih-Wen Wang ◽  
Da-Wei Wu ◽  
Wen-Hsien Lee ◽  
Ying-Chih Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Taiwanese Population ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Mortality

Previous studies have shown links between heavy metals and many health issues. However, data on the association between heavy metals and mortality in the general population are still limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between heavy metals and overall mortality in the general population. We enrolled 2497 participants (1001 males and 1496 females) living in southern Taiwan, and measured levels of seven heavy metals: lead (Pb) in blood and cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) and arsenic (As) in urine. The median follow-up period was 41.8 (4–50) months, during which 40 (1.6%) patients died. Compared to the participants who survived, those who died had higher urine Cd, higher urine Cu and lower urine Mn levels. Multivariate analysis showed that high urine Cd (per 1 μg/L; hazard ratio [HR], 1.352; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.089–1.680; p = 0.006), high urine Cu (per 1 μg/dL; HR, 1.350; 95% CI, 1.151–1.583; p < 0.001), and low urine Mn (per 1 μg/L; HR, 0.717; 95% CI, 0.557–0.923; p = 0.010) were associated with increased overall mortality. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that high levels of urine Cd and Cu and low urine Mn level were associated with increased overall mortality in the general population.

scholarly journals Studies on recovery of heavy metals from tannery wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Abhimati Shukla ◽  
Zainab Mahmood ◽  
Lalit Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
The Cost

Heavy metal salts are widely used in the tanning process in the form of Chrome alum and Chromium[III] sulfate. It is a highly toxic metal and cannot be degraded thus deposited and incorporated in water, sediment and aquatic ecosystems which poses various respiratory, skin and other health issues to humans and also cause serious issues to microbial, plant and aquatic life. The cost of these heavy metal salts is high due to which the tanners need a lot of investment for the tanning process because of its abundant use. So, to overcome such issues numerous techniques have been developed for the recovery and reuse of these heavy metal salts from the wastewater of the tanneries to reduce the pollution in the wastewater streams and exempt the tanners from the high cost of these salts.  

Sampling and analysis of the air-water interface with SEM and EDS of microlayers

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1004-1005
Author(s):  
Randall W. Smith ◽  
John Dash
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Surface Films ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
Bulk Chemical

The structure of the air-water interface forms a boundary layer that involves biological ,chemical geological and physical processes in its formation. Freshwater and sea surface microlayers form at the air-water interface and include a diverse assemblage of organic matter, detritus, microorganisms, plankton and heavy metals. The sampling of microlayers and the examination of components is presently a significant area of study because of the input of anthropogenic materials and their accumulation at the air-water interface. The neustonic organisms present in this environment may be sensitive to the toxic components of these inputs. Hardy reports that over 20 different methods have been developed for sampling of microlayers, primarily for bulk chemical analysis. We report here the examination of microlayer films for the documentation of structure and composition.Baier and Gucinski reported the use of Langmuir-Blogett films obtained on germanium prisms for infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR-ATR) of components. The sampling of microlayers has been done by collecting fi1ms on glass plates and teflon drums, We found that microlayers could be collected on 11 mm glass cover slips by pulling a Langmuir-Blogett film from a surface microlayer. Comparative collections were made on methylcel1ulose filter pads. The films could be air-dried or preserved in Lugol's Iodine Several slicks or surface films were sampled in September, 1987 in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland and in August, 1988 in Sequim Bay, Washington, For glass coverslips the films were air-dried, mounted on SEM pegs, ringed with colloidal silver, and sputter coated with Au-Pd, The Langmuir-Blogett film technique maintained the structure of the microlayer intact for examination, SEM observation and EDS analysis were then used to determine organisms and relative concentrations of heavy metals, using a Link AN 10000 EDS system with an ISI SS40 SEM unit. Typical heavy microlayer films are shown in Figure 3.

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