scholarly journals Regional aspect of small and medium-sized business development in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Karpunin ◽  
Elena Karpunina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
Priority Direction ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Taxation System

The article discusses topical problems associated with the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the situation of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as determine the main directions of development of small and medium-sized businesses in modern conditions. The authors analyze the main directions of state policy in the field of business development. Special attention is paid to the factors influencing the development of entrepreneurship. The article considers the importance of the tax on professional income as a special tax regime for self-employed citizens. The authors believe that the introduction of a tax on professional income will affect not only self-employed citizens wishing to register, but also acting individual entrepreneurs who work without hiring employees, and individual entrepreneurs applying the patent taxation system may consider registration as self-employed as an alternative option. The inclusion of self-employed citizens in the composition of small and medium-sized businesses is substantiated. The authors analyzed the dynamics of the number of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation, including in the context of micro-enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises. The dynamics of the average number of employees employed in small and medium-sized businesses, as well as the dynamics of the number of small and medium-sized businesses per 1,000 people, including in the context of federal districts, has been studied. The trends in the development of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as their importance for the country's economy, are determined The article identifies the main problems that hinder the development of entrepreneurial activity in the Russian Federation. The authors come to the conclusion that the development of entrepreneurial activity in the regions should be a priority direction of state policy, and the involvement of the economically active population and self-employed citizens in entrepreneurship will contribute to this.

Wages and Labor Productivity in Russia: Regional Aspect

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
S. I. Shanygin ◽  
E. I. Zuga
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Dynamic Correlation ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation

The presented study examines the statistics of labor productivity and wages in the Russian Federation.Aim. The study aims to analyze trends in the changes of labor productivity and wages in Russia in the territorial and temporal aspects.Tasks. This study examines and compares the dynamics of wages and labor productivity in Russia, identifying the specific regional features of their fluctuation.Methods. The authors conduct a statistical research of the current situation in Russia as well as a dynamic, correlation, and structural analysis based on the data of the Federal State Statistics Service, and formulate economic assessments of the results from the perspective of the systems approach.Results. The study substantiates that it is inadvisable to traditionally exclude anomalous data in the statistical research of economic systems as this leads to unacceptable changes in the structures of the latter. The authors propose comparing these systems by enlarged structural elements. Some common Russian trends in the changes of labor productivity and wage levels in time and space are analyzed and specified by federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Consistent patterns in the dynamics of annual frequency distributions and variations of these indicators by regions, districts, and republics of the Russian Federation are described, and the leading and underperforming regions are identified.Conclusions. Over the examined time period, labor productivity in Russia grew with slight fluctuations, while average wages only increased during economically favorable periods (in constant prices). The overall situation in the country is slowly improving and remains relatively stable in the regional aspect, but not the best. It would be advisable to implement economic mechanisms aimed at improving the self-sufficiency of the country and its regions. The authors believe the current methodology of the Federal Statistics Service to be applicable to the measurement of performance of industrial regions and — to a lesser extent — agricultural regions.

scholarly journals Implementation of State Policy in the Field of Guardianship and Trusteeship: Regional Aspect

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (65) ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Elvira V. Koroleva ◽  
Yana A. Volynchuk
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal System ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Guardian

The objective of the work is to review the implications of the implementation of state guardianship policy in the Primorsky territory of the Russian Federation. The institution of the family is the most important factor for the development of the child's personality; its role is constantly growing in the development and education of children. Without a doubt, the family is a natural educational environment for a child who leaves his mark on his behavior and character. A special place in the modern legal system is occupied by the aspect of the right of the child and the protection of the interest that is left without the care of the parents. Methodologically, use was made of the documentary research technique close to legal hermeneutics. It is concluded that the guardianship and guardianship bodies perform a series of important functions for any civilized state, namely: identification of people who need to establish one of the forms of guardianship (adoption); adoption of such persons, as well as increased supervision of the guardian, the activities of the adoptive parents and of persons authorized by the state to care for those who need their help.

scholarly journals Integral Assessment of Efficiency of Regional Housing Policy of Urban Districts in Conditions of Digitalization

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Alla Kalinina ◽  
◽  
Sergey Korostin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Housing Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Urban Districts ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
Integral Indicator

Traditionally, an assessment of efficiency of regional housing policy is based on studies of housing construction sector, housing market, investment attractiveness, migration of economically active population and others. But the current stage of urbanization in Russia is accelerated by digitalization and smart technologies in cities, which makes a new type of housing policy assessment necessary. The article presents a four-level methodology for assessing the efficiency of regional housing policy, which evaluates the regional social and economic policy in the construction industry for urban districts with the population over 100,000 citizens in conditions of digitalization. The methodological basis for calculating the integral indicator of housing policy efficiency is presented and visualized in vectors. The author’s methodology is based on the methodological approach of S.A. Ayvazyan and the methodology of the urban digitalization index “IQ of Cities”, which was created by the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation in cooperation with Lomonosov Moscow State University. In the process of calculation the final integral indicator of efficiency of housing policy the authors use three equivalent integrated indicators of the 2nd level, such as economic, housing and digital indicators. The paper presents 10 indices for each integral indicator of the 3rd level and explains their economic meaning. The calculation of these indicators is carried out by means of the basic indicators of the 4th level on the basis of official statistics. The study presents the results of testing the authors’ methodological approach, which was made on the basis of official regional statistics. In the process of testing different cities from all federal districts of the Russian Federation were selected, so their results had a large spread. The purpose of such selection was to demonstrate the efficiency of the model and its suitability for the federal and regional authorities as a tool for planning and control.

scholarly journals Fiscal Decentralization and Incentives of Local Authorities in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-129
Author(s):  
Vladislav V. Bukharsky
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of intraregional fiscal decentralization on fiscal incentives for local governments in the Russian Federation. It is expected that decentralization contributes to the economic development of territories through two channels: 1) a higher level of budgetary (tax) decentralization gives more opportunities to local authorities to realize the economic potential of the territory; 2) stable decentralization of revenue sources preserves incentives for local authorities to realize such opportunities. In comparison with the widespread approach to measuring these incentives in terms of gross regional product, the author uses indicators of entrepreneurship, the development of which is mostly within the competence of local authorities. As a measure and stability of decentralization, the norms for deducting revenues to local budgets are used. No clear and conclusive evidence of the impact of decentralization is found: due to the low financial security of subnational budgets overall, the transfer of standards can rather be understood as financial assistance to the lower budget, in particular because the size of the average transferred standard grows with the level of subsidies in the region. At the same time, there are certain positive results: the very fact of the transfer of the revenues levied in connection with the application of the simplified taxation system is accompanied by an increase in entrepreneurial activity in the region. A similar effect is exerted by the stability of the revenues on personal income tax and corporate property tax. In general, it can also be pointed out that local authorities have low indicators of the level and stability (rigidity) of budget decentralization.

Spatial Development of Innovation Systems in Russia

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Sergevna Arkhipova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Effective Development

While the development of the country's national innovation system as a whole is very important and should be prioritized, its regional aspect is even more important. The specifics of the Russian Federation's transition to an innovation-based economy is in that that, at the present time, prioritized is the need to ensure the effective development of those economy sectors that underlie the country's specialization and may provide regional and national competitive advantages. To such sectors belong the chemical industry, machine-building and power energetics. We would like to note that initial innovation awareness indicators in the regions are comparable and do not differ greatly but the growth of activity can be observed only in some of the regions. The problem of large differentiation among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation by their level of economic development remains important and has to be dealt with. 

LEGAL REGULATION OF CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Pavel Samolysov ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Mining Equipment ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Union

Purpose and objectives: analysis of legal regulation of cryptocurrency mining in the Russian Federation and abroad, identification of problems and gaps in this area and development of proposals aimed at their resolution. Scientific significance: the article reveals the current state and established doctrinal approaches to the legal regulation of cryptocurrency mining in Russia. For the first time, the necessity of strengthening and developing state regulation of mining is substantiated. The main attention in the article is paid to the system of legal regulation of the process of creating cryptocurrencies in the territory of the Russian Federation, taking into account the law of the Eurasian Economic Union. Methods: a dialectical approach to the cognition of social phenomena, allowing them to be analyzed in their historical development and functioning in the context of a set of objective and subjective factors, which determined the choice of the following research methods: formal logical, comparative legal, sociological, which allowed the author to ensure the reliability and validity of the conclusions. Key findings: The legal vacuum in the regulation of mining acts as a serious inhibiting factor at the current stage of its improvement and often itself becomes an offense. At the same time, cryptocurrency mining is one of the new types of entrepreneurial activity, in connection with which in the near future it is necessary to introduce state regulation of cryptocurrency mining in the Russian Federation, for which it is necessary: to develop a law regulating the organization and implementation of the production of cryptocurrencies using cryptographic algorithms; to supplement the classifier of the main type of carried out economic activity with a new type of activity — mining; to create a unified electronic register of crypto farms operating on the territory of the Russian Federation; supplement the existing legislation of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union with the norms regulating the import of mining equipment. Thus, the important results of the study are: the development of the problems posed, which for a long time remained outside the attention of specialists, as well as the significant novelty of the factual material introduced into circulation.

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