scholarly journals Bionic approach to the design of bridge structures. Part 1: Features of the bionic approach in relation to building structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Ovchinnikov ◽  
Artur Karahanyan ◽  
Igor Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Bridge Design ◽  
Bionic Design ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Design Ideas ◽  
Further Development

General approaches to the application of bionic approach to the design of building structures, in particular bridge structures are considered. It is shown how the development of bionic design ideas influenced the development of bridge design and how the ideas of bionic design are improved, creating a new language for the future bridge design industry. It is noted that today in Russia the problem of bionic approach in the design of bridges, despite the appearance of a number of works is little studied. Briefly describes the history of the use of the bionic approach in architecture and construction. The possibility of applying the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) when using a bionic approach to design is indicated. A number of examples of bridge structures designed using the bionic approach are given, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Moreover, both stationary bridge structures and living bridges that change their configuration depending on the operating conditions are considered. In conclusion, it is pointed out that, although the topic under study is rather poorly studied in Russia, but this direction is very promising and therefore needs further development.

scholarly journals Methods for «finding forms» of self-stressed structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem Bureev ◽  
Igor Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Tensegrity Structure ◽  
Geometric Configurations ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Initial Forms

The paper considers methods for searching for the formation of self-stressed structures that can be used as a structural basis for industrial and transport structures, including bridge structures. In view of the special interest in self-stressed structures as promising variations of cable-stayed structures, the methods of preliminary design of the initial forms of future self-stressed structures are considered and analyzed, namely, the forms of searching for the initial forms of geometric configurations are studied by the example of several well-known methods. Examples of practical application of self-stressed systems in several structures are also demonstrated. Possible variations in the use of self-stressed structures in the work of building structures, including bridge structures, are noted. Methods for searching for self-stressed structures are given, taking into account certain input and desired parameters of the structure, namely static and kinematic methods. The features of searching for an equilibrium tensegrity structure based on these methods, as well as their joint application, are considered. There are also some advantages and disadvantages from certain points of view of finding the most correct tensegrity structure. Examples of joint application of some calculation methods in practice and their influence on each other in the calculation process are considered. Some basic examples of creating individual elements of self-stressed structures using schemes and formulas based on geometric and physical-mathematical parameters are given. The considered methods are also briefly analyzed from the point of view of their usefulness.

Case History of Multiphase Pump Applications in California Thermal Heavy Oil Operations

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Corless ◽  
Asad Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Case History ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Charge Pumps ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Chevron North America Exploration and Production (CNAEP) has successfully used Multiphase Pumps (MPP) in its thermally enhanced heavy oil operations in San Joaquin Valley, California since March 2000. MPP’s are used to transfer produced fluids, solids, gas and sometimes steam. These pumps allowed Chevron to eliminate the need for numerous field tanks, gas pipelines, vapor recovery facilities and permits associated with thermally enhanced heavy oil operations. This case history will discuss three different applications of MPP’s used for boosting flowing wells, boosting rod pump wells and finally used as charge pumps for Heater Treaters to solve reliability issues. This paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these installations and share lessons learned regarding design and maintenance. Specific design issues to be discussed include operating conditions, seals, metallurgy and control philosophy as well as design considerations for new pump installations.

scholarly journals ASPECTS OF THE RESTORATION OF THE CAVE TEMPLES AND MONASTERIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Polina Vovzhenyak ◽  
M. Per'kova ◽  
L. Kolesnikova ◽  
S. Semencov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
Underground Facility ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

The research problem lies in the urgent need to preserve the historical, cultural, and architectural and urban planning heritage of cave monasteries due to the risk of their loss. Natural and anthropogenic factors of the destruction of cave temples and monasteries were formulated. Ways to preserve cave temples and monasteries were considered. Principles for the development of design solutions for the revitalization of the adjacent territory and the cave monastery were proposed, such as functional, urban planning, infrastructural, the principle of the identity of the environment. The following algorithm for revitalizing cave monasteries was proposed: a study of the place and history of the emergence of the cave monastery; a study of the resource potential of the object; identification of problems of further development of the territory and underground facility; development of a conceptual proposal for adapting the facility to modern operating conditions.

Digital innovation: Using chatbots in the economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2252-2271
Author(s):  
Ekaterina N. STRIZHAKOVA ◽  
Dmitrii V. STRIZHAKOV
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Digital Innovation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Business Ecosystems ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Further Development

Subject. The article considers the use of chatbots in company activities. Objectives. We perform a retrospective analysis of the development of virtual assistants, determining the areas, in which chatbots can become an effective tool in business. Methods. The study draws on general scientific research methods. Results. We investigate the development of the phenomenon of chatbots, show the history of the most significant virtual assistants, highlight their features, advantages and disadvantages. We also present types of activities, in which companies actively use chatbots, analyze the key results from the use of this tool by enterprises and organizations, evaluate prospects for further development of the technology, establish that the use of advantages of digital marketing enables companies to become customer-oriented, personalize offers for customers and reduce costs. Conclusions. The use of chatbots makes it possible to increase the competitiveness of the company and become the first step towards the introduction of more advanced digital marketing tools. The practical application of this study we see in the use of information in the development and implementation of chatbots in the business ecosystems of enterprises and organizations, which will avoid costs and significantly reduce the likelihood of errors.

Friction Reduction Opportunities in Combustion Engine Crank Train Bearings

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Aufischer ◽  
Rick Walker ◽  
Martin Offenbecher ◽  
Oliver Feng ◽  
Gunther Hager
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Mixed Friction ◽  
Further Development

The development of combustion engines is heavily influenced by environmental regulations and efficiency. Since the environmental regulation have influenced engine design already with special combustion system and exhaust gas treatments, efficiency and the greenhouse gas CO2 has become a major issue for further development. CO2 emissions and fuel efficiency are linked and are directly influenced by the internal friction of the combustion engine. One major part of this internal friction is coming from the crank train bearings. Since we have to consider different operating conditions for the crank train bearings like hydrodynamic and mixed friction (hydrodynamic in combination with boundary contact), working principles as well as different engine operating conditions like full load, idle, start stop etc. different measures need to be employed for a friction reduced crank train. The optimal dimensioning of the bearings in combination with oil viscosity reduction are already known to a certain extent. Nevertheless they result in changes of bearing loads and may in consequence increase the share of boundary friction. Therefore, only looking on these two optimization steps is not enough. In addition the friction coefficient between bearing and shaft as well as the interaction between bearing surface and lubricant need to be addressed to reduce friction loss. In order to gain a complete picture, influences and the interaction of • geometric properties and bearing dimensions, • friction coefficient of bearings in combination with crankshaft materials, • oil formulation, viscosity and their interaction with engine application and duty cycle as well as • losses caused by the lubrication system design and components are investigated and analyzed based on simulation and testing. At first the different steps are investigated individually and secondly combinations and interactions are derived on basis of parameters derived on tribological tests and material data. Oil viscosity as major driver during hydrodynamic operation but also the influence of additive packages during mixed friction is roughly estimated on basis of tribological investigations. Since the overall friction system and its optimization are very complex, an example for a truck engine in different applications shows advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches. Also border lines given by operational risk and improvement limits are explained. The improvement options given by bearing materials and special coatings are explained in combination with different engines and engine applications. Further development activities, ways of collaboration between engine manufacturer and bearing supplier and an outlook on up-coming bearing system are completing the picture for a holistic approach on friction reduction in crank train bearings.

Towards the digital land reclamation

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Vasil'ev ◽  
Vyacheslav Schedrin ◽  
Aleksandra Slabunova ◽  
Vladimir Slabunov
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Full Cooperation

The aim of the research is a retrospective analysis of the history and stages of development of digital land reclamation in Russia, the definition of «Digital land reclamation» and trends in its further development. In the framework of the retrospective analysis the main stages of melioration formation are determined. To achieve the maximum effect of the «digital reclamation» requires full cooperation of practical experience and scientific potential accumulated throughout the history of the reclamation complex, and the latest achievements of science and technology, which is currently possible only through the full digitalization of reclamation activities. The introduction of «digital reclamation» will achieve greater potential and effect in the modernization of the reclamation industry in the «hightech industry», through the use of innovative developments and optimal management decisions.

The Challenges in Dealing with Organized Crime and its Consequences in Modern Societies in Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia – the Balkan Peninsula

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Bashkim Selmani ◽  
Bekim Maksuti
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Further Development

The profound changes within the Albanian society, including Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia, before and after they proclaimed independence (in exception of Albania), with the establishment of the parliamentary system resulted in mass spread social negative consequences such as crime, drugs, prostitution, child beggars on the street etc. As a result of these occurred circumstances emerged a substantial need for changes within the legal system in order to meet and achieve the European standards or behaviors and the need for adoption of many laws imported from abroad, but without actually reading the factual situation of the psycho-economic position of the citizens and the consequences of the peoples’ occupations without proper compensation, as a remedy for the victims of war or peace in these countries. The sad truth is that the perpetrators not only weren’t sanctioned, but these regions remained an untouched haven for further development of criminal activities, be it from the public state officials through property privatization or in the private field. The organized crime groups, almost in all cases, are perceived by the human mind as “Mafia” and it is a fact that this cannot be denied easily. The widely spread term “Mafia” is mostly known around the world to define criminal organizations.The Balkan Peninsula is highly involved in these illegal groups of organized crime whose practice of criminal activities is largely extended through the Balkan countries such as Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro, etc. Many factors contributed to these strategic countries to be part of these types of activities. In general, some of the countries have been affected more specifically, but in all of the abovementioned countries organized crime has affected all areas of life, leaving a black mark in the history of these states.

MODERN EQUIPMENT FOR DETERMINING TRACTOR-SPEED PROPERTIES OF THE VEHICLE: CHARACTERISTICS’ ANALYSIS IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-289
Author(s):  
N. V. Savenkov ◽  
V. V. Ponyakin ◽  
S. A. Chekulaev ◽  
V. V. Butenko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Force Transfer ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Loading Devices ◽  
Structural Solutions

Introduction. At present, stands with running drums are widely used for various types of tests. Power stands play a special role. Such stands take the mechanical power from the driving wheels of the car. This simulates the process of movement of the vehicle under operating conditions. Such equipment has various designs, principles of operation and performance. It is also used in tests that are different by purpose, development stages and types: research, control, certification, etc. Therefore, it is necessary in order to determine the traction-speed, fuel-efficient and environmental performance characteristics.Materials and methods. The paper provides the overview of the power stands with running drums, which are widespread on the domestic market. The authors carried out the analysis of the main structural solutions: schemes of force transfer between the wheel and the drum; types of loading devices; transmission layout schemes and features of the control and measuring complex. The authors also considered corresponding advantages and disadvantages, recommended spheres of application, demonstrated parameters and characteristics of the units’ workflow, presented components and equipment.Discussion and conclusions. The authors critically evaluate existing models of stands with running drums. Such information is useful for choosing serial models of stands and for developing technical tasks for designing or upgrading the equipment.

FORMATION OF FORTIFICATION ART IN ANCIENT EAST COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-124
Author(s):  
Е. N. Polyakov ◽  
M. I. Korzh
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Medieval China ◽  
The Status ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
The City ◽  
New Babylon

The article presents a comparative analysis of fortification art monuments in such East countries from Ancient Egypt to medieval China. An attempt is made to identify the main stages of the fortification development from a stand-alone fortress (citadel, fort) to the most complex systems of urban and border fortifications, including moats, walls and gates, battle towers. It is shown that the nature of these architectural structures is determined by the status of the city or settlement, its natural landscape, building structures and materials, the development of military and engineering art. The materials from poliorceticon (Greek: poliorketikon, poliorketika), illustrate the main types of siege machines and mechanisms. The advantages and disadvantages of boundary shafts and long walls (limes). The most striking examples are the defensive systems of Assyria, New Babylon, Judea and Ancient China.

An overview of Osmotic Drug Delivery System: An update review

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 5426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiren J. Patel ◽  
Vaishnavi P. Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Life Cycle Management ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Osmotic Pump ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Chemical Entities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Drug

The pharmaceutical industry has faced several marked challenges in order to bring new chemical entities (NCEs) into the market over the past few decades. Various novel drug delivery approaches have been used as a part of life cycle management from which Osmotic drug delivery systems look the most promising one. After discussing the history of osmotic pump development, this article looks at the principles, advantages and disadvantages of osmotic drug delivery systems. Then, the basic components of osmotic pump and factors affecting the design of oral osmotic drug delivery systems are discussed in detail. In the later part of the manuscript, various types of osmotic pumps available in the market and evaluation methods for osmotic drug delivery systems are discussed in detail.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document