scholarly journals Analysis of the criteria for calculating non-rigid pavements in conditions of intense traffic flow

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Uglova ◽  
Olga Shilo
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Rigid Pavements ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
New Criterion

Domestic methods of designing and calculating non-rigid pavements were modified in parallel with changes in the load-carrying capacity of vehicles and an increase in the average traffic intensity of cars. With the increase in the level of costs for the construction and repair of road clothes, the level of responsibility for design has increased. However, more often at the operational stage, early defects of asphalt-concrete layers are detected and premature reduction of the bearing capacity of the structure as a whole. This only indicates that the prediction of the service life in the design of traditional methods is not reliable. The reasons for this may be several: erroneous determination of the number of cycles of the annual loading of the structure, a distorted or ineffective consideration of the climatic conditions of operation of the road-building materials of the layers, an inaccurate technique for determining the maximum permissible and emerging deformations, and also accumulating them during operation. As a result, the issues of construction of road clothes, requirements for them and the design of highways in general are being revised. Obviously, the traditional method of calculation, as a minimum, can not be considered universal. The authors presented a new approach to calculating the strength of non-rigid pavements by the criterion of accumulation of fatigue damages of asphalt-concrete layers, which can provide reliable prediction of the pavement life cycle, because it is based on the multifactorial influence of external environmental impact. Modeling such a multifactor process as the life cycle of a design is a complex computational task. Active integration of computer technologies into modern life and construction processes allows solving this task with the help of a computer, by developing application programs. At the department of «Highways» DSTU developed a software package Pavement Life Cycle, able to make calculations based on a new criterion for calculating non-rigid road clothes. The article is part of the dissertation research of the second author.

scholarly journals Asphalt Concrete Overlay Optimization Based on Pavement Performance Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Mikolaj ◽  
Lubos Remek ◽  
Marian Macula
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Road User ◽  
Pavement Performance

The life cycle length of pavement with asphalt concrete material (ACM) surfacing is significantly influenced, in addition to transport loading and climatic conditions, by design method and rehabilitation timing. Appropriate overlay thickness calculation and estimation of optimal rehabilitation time are crucial to maximizing life cycle length and, concurrently, reducing road administration costs and road user costs. This article describes a comprehensive method of ACM rehabilitation design. For optimization of life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) based design, mathematical analytical solution in combination with experimental verification of physical, mechanical, and fatigue characteristics is utilized. Pavement performance, that is, functions mathematically describing pavement’s degradation characteristics of operational capability, is represented by longitudinal and transverse unevenness; these are used to describe relations between traffic loading and pavement’s bearing capacity on 1 : 1 scale. Optimizing of rehabilitation plan is carried out by making a cost benefit analysis (CBA) for several rehabilitation scenarios in which different rehabilitation timing produces different capital cost requirements and social benefits. Rehabilitation scenarios differ in technology, the design of which needs to be mathematically optimized, and timing of rehabilitation execution. This article includes a case study for the sake of illustration of practical results and verification of applicability of used methodology.

scholarly journals FACTORS OF THERMODYNAMICAL APPROACH TO BUILDINGS LIFE CYCLE/PASTATO GYVAVIMO CIKLO TERMODINAMINIO VERTINIMO VEIKSNIAI

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Vytautas Martinaitis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Thermodynamic Evaluation ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Building Life Cycle

The article suggests that non-industrial buildings in Lithuania consume half the final energy including appr.70% heat produced in electric power plants and boiler-houses. In order to ensure standard heating and ventilation conditions for these buildings in terms of climate parameters of a normal year it would require heat consumption of some 22 TWh. However, the energy is required not only for operation and maintenance of the building (for active microclimatic conditioning systems—AMCS), but also for setting up the building (for passive microclimatic conditioning systems—PMCS). The above input is therefore determined by technological level in the building and building materials industries. Rather exact evaluations show that in the course of several next years already, primary energy consumption used for a building maintenance shall be equal to that used while construction thereof. In terms of a building life cycle, this is a fairly short term. Therefore these buildings in terms of energetic approach make an intensive energy-consumption system. It is hereby suggested to apply an exergic analysis for a life cycle of a building under certain climatic conditions and PMCS and AMCS combinations defined by the local produce technology level. Using solely economical (both direct or derived) criteria for this intention is therefore insufficient, because the reliability of economic forecasts for longer prospect falls below any other forecasts of physical quantities. As an example for this, a globally-ecological evaluation of energetic systems based on thermodynamics is therefore presented, and is characterised by thermo-economic and exergo-economic criteria. Further, the article provides formulas and indices for thermodynamic evaluation of climatic conditions which indicate minimum requirements of exergy for operation of AMCS. Furthermore, MCS operating points and zones characteristic of different climatic regions are provided. Tasks for MCS thermodynamic analysis have been formulated to include the processes of production of building and insulation materials, and construction erection process. These should be considered the first three stages of the above task: indices of present exergic input in production of materials; forecast of potential exergic input in production of materials; thermodynamic optimisation of technological processes and equipment of building materials. It is therefore considered, that the integration of separate exergic loss components of building life cycle into a general optimisation task shall enable establishment of thermodynamically-optimum combination of exergic use in the buildings under concrete climatic conditions. This would launch, apart from economic, social and ecological aspects, an approach for handling strategic issues of construction and energetic interaction.

scholarly journals THE FUTURE OF GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS IN EGYPT: A FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Azouz
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Green Building Materials ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Sustainable development has become a significant worldwide concern. The past few years have seen a lot of changes. Some of these affect how we do approach - and how we should approach - environmental issues. Because of their adverse impacts to sustainability, knowledge about building materials became a crucial dimension of green change in building and design. The problem is that in Egypt there is still no database for green building ma-terials. In spite that there are currently over 120 international green labelling programs for building materials worldwide, they cannot be locally used. This is because building materials and the way they are extracted, manufactured, used, transported, recycled or disposed differ from country to country. All these factors result in insufficiency of data & information on green building materials and those who are involved in the design, construction & man-agement of building materials are acutely lacking the basic information on materials that would allow them to make constructive changes. That's why the introduction of a system for specification, assessment & se-lection of green building materials is considered to be one of the corner-stones of promoting sustainable green building development in Egypt as an attempt to fulfil Goal 11 of the Sustainable Development Goals developed by the United Nations to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable by 2030. The aim of the research is to develop a framework for a system for evaluat-ing sustainability of building materials in Egypt to achieve greener steps to-wards sustainability with a new way of scoring sustainability of building materials that evaluates both positive & negative ecological, social & health and economic impacts through the whole life cycle. This system could be applied in the development of the New Cites that considers the unique chal-lenges of the region and the local market and could be applied all over the country taking into consideration the nature of each region with its available building materials and specific climatic conditions and the different regional priorities and requirements. The research was based on an inductive approach through studying & analy-sis of the life cycle of the building materials, the different aspects and crite-ria for the evaluation of green building materials, currently available re-sources of information about building materials in Egypt and the interna-tional & national reference values & benchmarks that could be used as a base for the new system. Findings will lead to a proposed framework of a system for specification and assessment of green building materials in Egypt. This framework de-scribes all the kind of information required and the procedures that should be taken for the development of the system from collecting data till the es-tablishment of online guide for green building materials and a digital library for accessible and reliable information on green building materials that ena-bles building designers, constructors and developers to make reasoned choices based upon the health & environmental impacts of their decisions and eases the use & selection of Green Building materials in Egypt over the coming years.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the interaction of tyre tread with asphalt concrete coating depending on weather-climatic conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
I. S. Gladushevskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Coupling Coefficients ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Concrete Coating

The tyre tread coupling with the road surface depends on a number of both external and internal factors. The controllability of the vehicle depends on the interaction between two materials. The article considers various tyre tread characteristics, the values of the coupling coefficients are determined for the tyre tread of M1 category vehicles during operation on different road conditions. The interaction of a new and worn tyre tread with the road surface has been assessed with vehicles driving on the asphalt concrete surface, taking into account weather conditions.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF SLAG FILLERS IN THE ASPHALT CONCRETE COMPOSITION FOR INCREASING THE ROAD COATING’S DURABILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Pimenov ◽  
V. S. Pribylov
Keyword(s):  
Metallurgical Plant ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Metallurgical Slag ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
Operational Characteristics

Introduction. The paper presents the research results of the metallurgical slag characteristics on the example of metallurgical waste of Novokuznetsk in the Kemerovo region. Moreover, the paper demonstrates the ways of metallurgical waste’s usage in the asphalt mixes’ composition for the road construction and shows design methods and features of the asphalt concrete on slag aggregates. The aim of the research is to substantiate the possibility of using steelmaking slags of the Novokuznetsk Metallurgical Plant as a mineral skeleton of asphalt concrete pavement to increase its operational reliability. Basing on the research of the physicomechanical properties of asphalt binder and testing of prototypes, the authors confirm the increased shear strength of asphalt concrete on slag aggregates and resistance to cracking in comparison with traditional mixtures. The issue under consideration is relevant by finding more efficient building materials in the context of the development of resource-saving technologies and increasing environmental requirements in the Russian regions.Materials and methods. The authors carried out investigations of metallurgical slag by determining their physical and mechanical characteristics in accordance with the existing regulatory and technical base using modern measuring instruments and testing equipment.Results. As a result, the authors selected compositions of slag asphalt concrete mixtures that satisfied the requirements of the existing regulatory and technical base across the entire spectrum of physical and mechanical parameters and operational characteristics.Discussion and conclusion. The use of metallurgical slags of the Novokuznetsk Metallurgical Plant as a filler for asphalt concrete increases its operational characteristics, especially those, which are important in conditions of intense traffic load and sharply continental climate and those, which reduce the cost of such mixtures compared to traditional ones due to the use of industrial waste in them. Therefore, the metallurgical slag seriously competes with natural building materials in the preparation and laying of asphalt mixtures for streets and roads of various categories.The authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.

scholarly journals Study of crack resistance of asphalt concrete pavements of the streets of the city of Bryansk and roads of the Bryansk region

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Levkovich ◽  
Zelgedin Mevlidinov ◽  
Pavel Rodin ◽  
Maxim Feshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Crack Resistance ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Transverse Cracks ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Asphalt Concrete Pavement ◽  
The City

Asphalt concrete is the main type of coating the streets of the city of Bryansk and other cities of the Bryansk region, as well as roads outside settlements. A survey of the condition of asphalt concrete pavement of the streets of Bryansk and some parts of roads of other cities of the Bryansk region (streets of Surazh, Klintsy, Unecha, etc.) showed that in many areas there are surface destruction in the form of cracks: transverse, longitudinal and «grid». The presence of a crack in the coating of the road-reducing the load – bearing capacity of the road structure at the place of its formation. The crack resistance of asphalt concrete decreases during the operation of the coating due to a number of reasons: deterioration of the properties and structure of asphalt concrete under the influence of internal and external factors (water, freezing-thawing, air oxygen, ultraviolet and infrared irradiation, the nature and degree of interaction of bitumen with mineral material, the structure and composition of bitumen, etc.), low-temperature stretching, aging of the binder, etc. The authors of these studies set the task to check the quality of the properties of bitumen BND 60/90 and BND 90/130 with the introduction of polymer additives, carbon black, etc., as well as asphalt concrete mixtures with the introduction of polystyrene and polyurethane foam and other additives in the construction of road surfaces in hot summer climatic conditions to increase the crack resistance of asphalt concrete coatings. The paper presents an analysis of the main parameters of transverse cracks in the city of Bryansk on the streets: Fokina, Sovietskaja, Gorbatova, Krahmaleva, as well as road surfaces of the Bryansk region.

scholarly journals Integrated economic and environmental building classification and optimal seismic vulnerability/energy efficiency retrofitting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Caruso ◽  
Rui Pinho ◽  
Federica Bianchi ◽  
Francesco Cavalieri ◽  
Maria Teresa Lemmo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Operational Energy

AbstractA life cycle framework for a new integrated classification system for buildings and the identification of renovation strategies that lead to an optimal balance between reduction of seismic vulnerability and increase of energy efficiency, considering both economic losses and environmental impacts, is discussed through a parametric application to an exemplificative case-study building. Such framework accounts for the economic and environmental contributions of initial construction, operational energy consumption, earthquake-induced damage repair activities, retrofitting interventions, and demolition. One-off and annual monetary expenses and environmental impacts through the building life cycle are suggested as meaningful performance metrics to develop an integrated classification system for buildings and to identify the optimal renovation strategy leading to a combined reduction of economic and environmental impacts, depending on the climatic conditions and the seismic hazard at the site of interest. The illustrative application of the framework to an existing school building is then carried out, investigating alternative retrofitting solutions, including either sole structural retrofitting options or sole energy refurbishments, as well as integrated strategies that target both objectives, with a view to demonstrate its practicality and to explore its ensuing results. The influence of seismic hazard and climatic conditions is quantitatively investigated, by assuming the building to be located into different geographic locations.

scholarly journals Circular economy in the construction sector: advancing environmental performance through systemic and holistic thinking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Sparrevik ◽  
Luitzen de Boer ◽  
Ottar Michelsen ◽  
Christofer Skaar ◽  
Haley Knudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Recursive Structure ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Environmental Effectiveness ◽  
Standards And Regulations ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe construction sector is progressively becoming more circular by reducing waste, re-using building materials and adopting regenerative solutions for energy production and biodiversity protection. The implications of circularity on construction activities are complex and require the careful evaluation of impacts to select the appropriate path forward. Evaluations of circular solutions and their environmental effectiveness are often performed based on various types of life cycle-based impact assessments. This paper uses systemic thinking to map and evaluate different impact assessment methodologies and their implications for a shift to more circular solutions. The following systemic levels are used to group the methodologies: product (material life cycle declarations and building assessments), organisation (certification and management schemes) and system (policies, standards and regulations). The results confirm that circular economy is integrated at all levels. However, development and structure are not coordinated or governed unidirectionally, but rather occur simultaneously at different levels. This recursive structure is positive if the methods are applied in the correct context, thus providing both autonomy and cohesion in decision making. Methods at lower systemic levels may then improve production processes and stimulate the market to create circular and innovative building solutions, whereas methods at higher systemic levels can be used, for example, by real estate builders, trade organisations and governments to create incentives for circular development and innovation in a broader perspective. Use of the performance methods correctly within an actor network is therefore crucial for successful and effective implementation of circular economy in the construction sector.

scholarly journals Application of Plastic Wastes in Construction Materials: A Review Using the Concept of Life-Cycle Assessment in the Context of Recent Research for Future Perspectives

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3549
Author(s):  
Tulane Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo ◽  
Daiane Cecchin ◽  
Markssuel Teixeira Marvila ◽  
Mugahed Amran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
Solid Waste Generation ◽  
Alternative Processes

The urbanization process contributes to the growth of solid waste generation and causes an increase in environmental impacts and failures in the management of solid waste. The number of dumps is a concern due to the limited implementation and safe disposal of this waste. The interest in sustainable techniques has been growing in relation to waste management, which is largely absorbed by the civil construction sector. This work aimed to review plastic waste, especially polyethylene terephthalate (PET), that can be incorporated with construction materials, such as concrete, mortars, asphalt mixtures, and paving. The use of life-cycle assessment (LCA) is related, as a tool that allows the sustainability of products and processes to be enhanced in the long term. After analyzing the recent literature, it was identified that studies related to plastic wastes in construction materials concentrate sustainability around the alternative destination of waste. Since the plastic waste from different production chains are obtained, it was possible to affirm the need for a broader assessment, such as the LCA, providing greater quantification of data making the alternative processes and products more sustainable. The study contributes to enhance sustainability in alternative building materials through LCA.

scholarly journals Integration of Emergy Analysis with Building Information Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7990
Author(s):  
Suman Paneru ◽  
Forough Foroutan Jahromi ◽  
Mohsen Hatami ◽  
Wilfred Roudebush ◽  
Idris Jeelani
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Information Modeling ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Emergy Analysis ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Building Information

Traditional energy analysis in Building Information Modeling (BIM) only accounts for the energy requirements of building operations during a portion of the occupancy phase of the building’s life cycle and as such is unable to quantify the true impact of buildings on the environment. Specifically, the typical energy analysis in BIM does not account for the energy associated with resource formation, recycling, and demolition. Therefore, a comprehensive method is required to analyze the true environmental impact of buildings. Emergy analysis can offer a holistic approach to account for the environmental cost of activities involved in building construction and operation in all its life cycle phases from resource formation to demolition. As such, the integration of emergy analysis with BIM can result in the development of a holistic sustainability performance tool. Therefore, this study aimed at developing a comprehensive framework for the integration of emergy analysis with existing Building Information Modeling tools. The proposed framework was validated using a case study involving a test building element of 8’ × 8’ composite wall. The case study demonstrated the successful integration of emergy analysis with Revit®2021 using the inbuilt features of Revit and external tools such as MS Excel. The framework developed in this study will help in accurately determining the environmental cost of the buildings, which will help in selecting environment-friendly building materials and systems. In addition, the integration of emergy into BIM will allow a comparison of various built environment alternatives enabling designers to make sustainable decisions during the design phase.

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