scholarly journals Influence of sodium lignosulfonate on loamy soil and cucumber plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Yurkevich ◽  
Elena Ikkonen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cucumber Plant ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Sodium Lignosulfonate ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Exchange Cations ◽  
Loam Soil

Sodium lignosulfonate is a water-soluble by-product obtained by the sulfite method of cellulose production. In a model experiment, the authors investigated the effect of sodium lignosulfonate on certain agrochemical parameters of sod-podzolic loam soil and on the physiological parameters of cucumber plant development. Sodium lignosulfonate was added to the soil in concentrations 0 %, 1 %, 2,5 %, 5 % and 10 % of the dry soil weight. The samples were incubated at a constant temperature (23 °С) and a constant humidity of 70 % for 90 days. Adding lignosulfanate to the model soil in small concentrations (1 and 2.5 %) significantly increased the content of potassium (from 169.7 mg/kg in the control to 389.1–431.6 mg/kg, respectively) and exchange cations, but reduced the nitrogen content regardless of the dose. The concentration of Mg, CA and Na increased by 3.9…7.8 times, which had an alkalizing effect on the soil. At a concentration of 2.5 % lignosulfonate, the pH of the salt solution increased by 1.26 units. At the same time, the concentration of the buffer solution significantly increased, which was manifested in the physiological response of plants. Lignosulfonate reduced the accumulation of plant biomass and proportion of roots in the total mass. With an increase in the concentration of lignosulfonate in the soil, the degree of inhibition of growth processes increased. Lignosulfanate did not affect the stomatal regime of leaves and transpiration losses of water, but it reduced the water content in the leaf depending on the concentration. Photosynthetic activity of plants was partially suppressed in conditions of high lignosulfonate content in the soil. Lignosulfonate did not enhance plant tolerance to low temperature.

scholarly journals Silicon substances for restoration of oil-contaminated areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 931 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
P Zhang ◽  
V V Matichenkov ◽  
E A Bocharnikova ◽  
S M Sevostianov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Grey Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

Abstract Numerous investigations demonstrate that active forms of silicon (Si) enhance the plant tolerance against abiotic stresses by several mechanisms, including increasing the antioxidant activities and minimizing oxidative damage. Soil contamination with oil and oil products relates to abiotic stress that detrimentally affects soil microbial population and plant growth. Considering the crucial role of microorganisms and plants in bioremediation of oil-polluted areas, Si substances can be beneficial to acceleration of soil reclamation. In greenhouse experiment, wheat was grown in Grey Forest Soil contaminated with used motor oil. The effect of fumed silica and monosilicic acid on soil enzymatic activity and plant growth was studied. Both Si substances provided increasing the plant biomass and the activities of catalase and dehydrogenase. As regards the plant growth, the effect of Si was more pronounced in polluted soil, while the enzyme activity was higher affected in unpolluted soil. The activities of catalase and dehydrogenase were closely correlated to the water-soluble Si in soil (R=0.91-0.92). Silicon substances with high content of, plant-and microorganism-available Si might be promising for involvement in bioremediation technology for oil-contaminated soil.

Biochemical Composition and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Some Mixtures

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (07) ◽  
pp. 4694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viliana Vasileva ◽  
Anna Ilieva
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Use Efficiency

In pot trial the biochemical composition and phosphorus use efficiency of birdsfoot trefoil, sainfoin and subterranean clover grown pure and in mixtures with perennial ryegrass in the next ratios were studied in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria: birdsfoot trefoil + perennial ryegrass (50:50%); sainfoin + perennial ryegrass (50:50%); subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (50:50%); birdsfoot trefoil + subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (33:33:33%); sainfoin + subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (33:33:33%). The highest crude protein content was found in the aboveground mass of birdsfoot trefoil (19.17%) and sainfoin (19.30%). The water soluble sugars contents in mixtures was found higher compared to the pure grown legumes. Birdsfoot trefoil showed the highest phosphorus use efficiency for plant biomass accumulation and nodules formation. In mixtures the phosphorus use efficiency was found be higher as compared to the same in pure grown legumes.

Bacterial chemotaxis to fungal propagules in vitro and in soil

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1104-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Arora ◽  
A. B. Filonow ◽  
J. L. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Bacterial Chemotaxis ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Erwinia Herbicola ◽  
Cochliobolus Victoriae ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Loam Soil

Erwinia herbicola, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and P. putida were strongly attracted in vitro to substances exuded by conidia of Cochliobolus victoriae and sclerotia of Macrophomina phaseolina, but not to phosphate buffer solution. Numbers of bacteria attracted to propagules of C. victoriae or M. phaseolina in an unsterilized sandy loam soil were significantly (P = 0.05) greater than background populations occurring in soil saturated with buffer. Chemotactic response was greater to C. victoriae than to M. phaseolina both in vitro and in soil. Results suggest that living fungal propagules may act as attractants for motile bacteria in soil.

scholarly journals Cultivar-Dependent Responses in Plant Growth, Leaf Physiology, Phosphorus Use Efficiency, and Tuber Quality of Potatoes Under Limited Phosphorus Availability Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leangsrun Chea ◽  
Ana Meijide ◽  
Catharina Meinen ◽  
Elke Pawelzik ◽  
Marcel Naumann
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Use Efficiency

The limited availability of phosphorus (P) in soils causes a major constraint in the productivity of potatoes, which requires increased knowledge of plant adaptation responses in this condition. In this study, six potato cultivars, namely, Agria, Lady Claire, Milva, Lilly, Sieglinde, and Verdi, were assessed for their responses on plant growth, leaf physiology, P use efficiency (PUE), and tuber quality with three P levels (Plow, Pmed, and Phigh). The results reveal a significant variation in the cultivars in response to different P availabilities. P-efficient cultivars, Agria, Milva, and Lilly, possessed substantial plant biomass, tuber yield, and high P uptake efficiency (PUpE) under low P supply conditions. The P-inefficient cultivars, Lady Claire, Sieglinde, and Verdi, could not produce tubers under P deprivation conditions, as well as the ability to efficiently uptake P under low-level conditions, but they were efficient in P uptake under high soil P conditions. Improved PUpE is important for plant tolerance with limited P availability, which results in the efficient use of the applied P. At the leaf level, increased accumulations of nitrate, sulfate, sucrose, and proline are necessary for a plant to acclimate to P deficiency-induced stress and to mobilize leaf inorganic phosphate to increase internal PUE and photosynthesis. The reduction in plant biomass and tuber yield under P-deficient conditions could be caused by reduced CO2 assimilation. Furthermore, P deficiency significantly reduced tuber yield, dry matter, and starch concentration in Agria, Milva, and Lilly. However, contents of tuber protein, sugars, and minerals, as well as antioxidant capacity, were enhanced under these conditions in these cultivars. These results highlight the important traits contributing to potato plant tolerance under P-deficient conditions and indicate an opportunity to improve the P efficiency and tuber quality of potatoes under deficient conditions using more efficient cultivars. Future research to evaluate molecular mechanisms related to P and sucrose translocation, and minimize tuber yield reduction under limited P availability conditions is necessary.

scholarly journals Application of Nano-Silicon Dioxide Improves Salt Stress Tolerance in Strawberry Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Avestan ◽  
Mahmood Ghasemnezhad ◽  
Masoud Esfahani ◽  
Caitlin S. Byrt
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Nano Silicon ◽  
Epicuticular Wax Layer

Silicon application can improve productivity outcomes for salt stressed plants. Here, we describe how strawberry plants respond to treatments including various combinations of salt stress and nano-silicon dioxide, and assess whether nano-silicon dioxide improves strawberry plant tolerance to salt stress. Strawberry plants were treated with salt (0, 25 or 50 mM NaCl), and the nano-silicon dioxide treatments were applied to the strawberry plants before (0, 50 and 100 mg L−1) or after (0 and 50 mg L−1) flowering. The salt stress treatments reduced plant biomass, chlorophyll content, and leaf relative water content (RWC) as expected. Relative to control (no NaCl) plants the salt treated plants had 10% lower membrane stability index (MSI), 81% greater proline content, and 54% greater cuticular transpiration; as well as increased canopy temperature and changes in the structure of the epicuticular wax layer. The plants treated with nano-silicon dioxide were better able to maintain epicuticular wax structure, chlorophyll content, and carotenoid content and accumulated less proline relative to plants treated only with salt and no nano-silicon dioxide. Analysis of scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images revealed that the salt treatments resulted in changes in epicuticular wax type and thickness, and that the application of nano-silicon dioxide suppressed the adverse effects of salinity on the epicuticular wax layer. Nano-silicon dioxide treated salt stressed plants had increased irregular (smoother) crystal wax deposits in their epicuticular layer. Together these observations indicate that application of nano-silicon dioxide can limit the adverse anatomical and biochemical changes related to salt stress impacts on strawberry plants and that this is, in part, associated with epicuticular wax deposition.

THE METABOLISM OF VALERATE-2-C14 BY UREDOSPORES OF WHEAT STEM RUST

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Reisener ◽  
A. J. Finlayson ◽  
W. B. McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
High Specific Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Water Soluble Extract

When uredospores of Puccinia graminis var. tritici race 15B were shaken in a medium containing M/30 phosphate buffer, pH 6.2, and valerate-2-C14, about 88% of the radioactivity was removed from the buffer solution in a period of 3 hours. About 40% of the carbon-14 taken from the buffer was found in a water-soluble extract of the spores and about 15% was respired as carbon dioxide. The result is compared with an earlier report that carbon 1 of valerate is more extensively released as carbon dioxide and less extensively incorporated into spore components. Glutamic acid, glutamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and alanine of high specific activity were isolated. It was estimated from partial degradation that more than one-half of the carbon-14 of glutamic acid occurred in position 4 and that carbon 5 was very weakly labelled. Citric acid was also of high specific activity and was labelled predominantly in the internal carbons.It is concluded that respiring rust spores utilize externally supplied valerate by β-oxidation, which releases carbons 1 and 2 in a form which is metabolized as acetate by the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a water-soluble 2,2′-biphen[4]arene and its efficient complexation and sensitive fluorescence enhancement towards palmatine and berberine

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 2236-2241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiayang Huang ◽  
Xinghua Zhang ◽  
Tianxin Qian ◽  
Junwei Ma ◽  
Lei Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Constant ◽  
Fluorescence Enhancement ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Nmr Signals

A water-soluble 2,2′-biphen[4]arene (2,2’-CBP4) containing eight carboxylato moieties was synthesized and characterized. Its complexation behavior towards two alkaloids, palmatine (P) and berberine (B), was investigated by means of fluorescence and 1H NMR spectroscopy in aqueous phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). In the presence of 2,2’-CBP4, 1H NMR signals of P and B displayed very large upfield shifts, indicating the formation of inclusion complexes with strong binding affinities. Fluorescence titration experiments showed that P and B exhibited dramatic fluorescence enhancement of more than 600 times upon complexation with 2,2’-CBP4. Particularly, the fluorescence intensity is strong enough to be readily distinguished by the naked eye. Although the two guests have similar structures, the association constant of B with 2,2’-CBP4 (K a = (2.29 ± 0.27) × 106 M−1) is 3.9 times larger than that of P (K a = (5.87 ± 0.24) × 105 M−1).

Responses of subterranean clover and Italian ryegrass to application of lime

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
Z. Rengel ◽  
L. Paszkudzka-Baizert ◽  
L. D. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Yield Responses

A glasshouse experiment evaluated dried herbage yield responses of dense swards of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Trikkala) or Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Aristocrat) to applications of different amounts of lime (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 t lime/ha) to either a loam or a sand. Yields were measured at 4 harvests [29, 51, 86 and 108 days after sowing (DAS)] when ryegrass plants had 3 leaves per tiller. Increasing amounts of lime raised the pH (1: 5, soil: 0.01 mol CaCl2/L) of the loam by 2.7 units and that of the sand by 2.0 units. Applications of lime significantly (P<0.05) increased dry herbage yields, by between 16 and 53%, for: (i) clover on the loam soil at 86 and 108 DAS, and for the sand at 108 DAS; (ii) ryegrass on the loam at 51, 86 and 108 DAS, and on the sand at 108 DAS. Increasing amounts of lime had no effect on the concentration of nutrient elements in dried herbage of either clover or ryegrass, except that the concentration of calcium increased, and the concentration of sodium, manganese and zinc (and boron for ryegrass only) all decreased. Additions of lime had no effect on dry matter digestibility, metabolisable energy, concentration of crude protein or water-soluble carbohydrates in dried herbage at any of the 4 harvests.

Photophysics of water-soluble Cu(II)-porphyrin: groove-bounding to polynucleotide as compared to dissolving in neat buffer solution

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Galievsky ◽  
Vladimir S. Chirvony ◽  
Laurent Chinsky ◽  
Pierre-Yves Turpin
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Buffer Solution
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