Vascular damage of retina in diabetic retinopathy and its treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Jayamanti Pandit ◽  
Yasmin Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vascular Damage

Does Neuronal Damage Precede Vascular Damage in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Having No Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy?

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Verma ◽  
Rajiv Raman ◽  
K. Vaitheeswaran ◽  
Swakshyar Saumya Pal ◽  
Gella Laxmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Vascular Damage

Pure neuroretinal dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy occurring prior to endothelial and vascular damage

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
A REIS ◽  
C MATEUS ◽  
P MELO ◽  
J FIGUEIRA ◽  
J CUNHA-VAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vascular Damage

scholarly journals Vitamin D3 Protects against Diabetic Retinopathy by Inhibiting High-Glucose-Induced Activation of the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Lu ◽  
Qianyi Lu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Jingwen Li ◽  
Chunxia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Vascular Damage ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Retinal Vascular Permeability

Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D3) on diabetes-induced retinal vascular damage and retinal vascular endothelial cell apoptosis. Methods. Diabetic and control rats were randomly assigned to receive vitamin D3 or vehicle for 6 months. Additionally, human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were incubated in normal or high-glucose medium with or without vitamin D3. Morphological changes in retinal tissues and retinal vascular permeability were examined, and cellular apoptosis was detected by fluorescence staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined using fluorescent probes. Proteins were examined by Western blotting. Results. Vitamin D3 significantly downregulated intracellular ROS and inhibited TRX-interacting protein (TXNIP)/NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway activation. Additionally, vitamin D3 reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. These changes were associated with retinal recovery and with decreases in retinal vascular permeability and retinal capillary cell apoptosis. Conclusions. Vitamin D3 decreases diabetes-induced ROS and exerts protective effects against retinal vascular damage and cell apoptosis in association with inhibition of the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Understanding the mechanisms of action of vitamin D3 has important implications for preventing and treating inflammatory-related illnesses such as diabetic retinopathy.

SGLT2 Inhibitor–Induced Low-Grade Ketonemia Ameliorates Retinal Hypoxia in Diabetic Retinopathy—A Novel Hypothesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunder Mudaliar ◽  
Christopher Hupfeld ◽  
Daniel L Chao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽  
Tissue Hypoxia ◽  
Vascular Damage ◽  
High Oxygen ◽  
Low Grade

Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a well-recognized microvascular complication of diabetes. Growing evidence suggests that, in addition to retinal vascular damage, there is significant damage to retinal neural tissue in DR. Studies reveal neuronal damage before clinically evident vascular lesions and DR is now classified as a neurovascular complication. Hyperglycemia causes retinal damage through complex metabolic pathways leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular damage, capillary ischemia, and retinal tissue hypoxia. Retinal hypoxia is further worsened by high oxygen consumption in the rods. Persistent hypoxia results in increases in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other pro-angiogenic factors leading to proliferative DR/macular edema and progressive visual impairment. Optimal glucose control has favorable effects in DR. Other treatments for DR include laser photocoagulation, which improves retinal oxygenation by destroying the high oxygen consuming rods and their replacement by low oxygen consuming glial tissue. Hypoxia is a potent stimulator of VEGF, and intravitreal anti-VEGF antibodies are effective in regressing macular edema and in some studies, retinal neovascularization. In this review, we highlight the complex pathophysiology of DR with a focus on retinal oxygen/fuel consumption and hypoxic damage to retinal neurons. We discuss potential mechanisms through which sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve retinal hypoxia—through ketone bodies, which are energetically as efficient as glucose and yield more ATP per molecule of oxygen consumed than fat, with less oxidative stress. Retinal benefits would occur through improved fuel energetics, less hypoxia and through the anti-inflammatory/oxidative stress effects of ketone bodies. Well-designed studies are needed to explore this hypothesis.

Vascular Damage in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Retinopathy: Relation to Neuronal and Glial Changes

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 4281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Feit-Leichman ◽  
Reiko Kinouchi ◽  
Masumi Takeda ◽  
Zhigang Fan ◽  
Susanne Mohr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Vascular Damage ◽  
Glial Changes

scholarly journals Oral Carnosine Supplementation Prevents Vascular Damage in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Pfister ◽  
Eva Riedl ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Franziska vom Hagen ◽  
Martina Deinzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vascular Damage

scholarly journals Glucosamine protects against neuronal but not vascular damage in experimental diabetic retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 101333
Author(s):  
Rachana Eshwaran ◽  
Matthias Kolibabka ◽  
Gernot Poschet ◽  
Gregor Jainta ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vascular Damage

Vascular damage in diabetic retinopathy

2010 ◽  
pp. 506-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy S Kern ◽  
Suber Huang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vascular Damage
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