scholarly journals Prediction of Pesticide Behavior in Paddy Field by Water Balance on the Water Management Using Pesticide Paddy Field Model (PADDY)

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiya INAO ◽  
Yasuo ISHII ◽  
Yuso KOBARA ◽  
Yasuo KITAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Field Model

QUANTIFYING WATER BALANCE OF SUBAK PADDY FIELD BASED ON CONTINUOUS FIELD MONITORING

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyanto K. Saptomo ◽  
Yudi Chadirin ◽  
Budi I. Setiawan ◽  
I Wayan Budiasa ◽  
Hisaaki Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Field Monitoring ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Gate Operation

Subak had been known as superior and sustainable water management system in Bali’s paddy field, and had a long history as an interesting topic for study. Water management in Subak is more or less based on religious practices and the philosophy of the harmony among God, human and nature, that ensures equity and sufficiency of water diversion. Traditionally there is no water regulation in the meaning of gate operation as most Subak has their own water source from definite location, and fixed system was used for water diversion that defined portion of water discharge and not quantity. In this study, field monitoring system had been set up to continuously observe the water balance components such as: rainfall, evapotranspiration, percolation, field water status. With the available data, water balance equation can be used to obtain net inflow, which in this case only minimum, median and maximum for each particular month. These values were used to summarize total annual net inflow to the field, which ranges from 4575 to 7419 mm.  This is accounted as total water use for rice production at the site and generally it can be concluded as the amount of water required to sustain the present paddy field of the Subak.

Regional Water Balance and Economic Assessment as Tools for Water Management in Coastal Lebanon

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2361-2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel El Chami ◽  
Maroun El Moujabber ◽  
Alessandra Scardigno
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Regional Water

scholarly journals Measurements of the water balance components of a large green roof in the greater Paris area

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1025-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Antoine Versini ◽  
Filip Stanic ◽  
Auguste Gires ◽  
Daniel Schertzer ◽  
Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
Substrate Heterogeneity

Abstract. The Blue Green Wave of Champs-sur-Marne (France) represents the largest green roof (1 ha) of the greater Paris area. The Hydrology, Meteorology and Complexity lab of École des Ponts ParisTech has chosen to convert this architectural building into a full-scale monitoring site devoted to studying the performance of green infrastructures in storm-water management. For this purpose, the relevant components of the water balance during a rainfall event have been monitored: rainfall, water content in the substrate, and the discharge flowing out of the infrastructure. Data provided by adapted measurement sensors were collected during 78 d between February and May 2018. The related raw data and a Python program transforming them into hydrological quantities and providing some preliminary elements of analysis have been made available. These measurements are useful to better understand the hydrological processes (infiltration and retention) conducting green roof performance and their spatial variability due to substrate heterogeneity. The data set is available here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687775 (Versini et al., 2019b).

An Analysis of Water Management for a PEM Fuel Cell System in Automotive Drive Cycles

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Haraldsson ◽  
Tony Markel ◽  
Keith Wipke
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
System Model ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Vehicle System ◽  
Aggressive Drive

Low-temperature operation of a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell system requires humidification of the membrane. The amount of water produced electrochemically within the fuel cell system is directly related to the system power output. In a vehicular application where the power output may vary substantially over time, it is critical that water management be addressed in the fuel cell and vehicle system design. This paper introduces the integration of a detailed fuel cell system model within a hybrid electric vehicle system model. The newly integrated models provide the capability to better understand the impacts of a variety of fuel cell and vehicle design parameters on overall system performance. Ultimately, coupling these models leads to system optimization and increased vehicle efficiency. This paper presents the initial results of a parametric study to quantify the impacts of condenser size and cathode inlet relative humidity on system water balance under realistic drive cycles in a fuel cell hybrid electric sport utility vehicle. The vehicle simulations included operation under both hot and ambient start conditions. The study results demonstrate that ambient start or aggressive drive cycles require larger condensers or water reservoirs to maintain a neutral water balance than either hot start or less aggressive drive cycles.

Drought and water management in the German agricultural sector - a participatory system dynamics approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Valencia ◽  
Sabine Egerer ◽  
María Máñez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

<p>Higher temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns caused by climate change may potentially affect water availability for agriculture and increase the risk of crop loss in Northeast Lower Saxony (NELS), Germany. The drought of 2018 showed that an intensification of irrigation might be a temporary solution. However, a long-term increase in water extraction, especially during drought periods, is not a sustainable solution. To assess possible water management solutions, we implement a participatory system dynamics approach, namely Group Model Building, to develop a qualitative system dynamics model (QSDM) describing the agricultural system and its relation to water resources in NELS.</p><p>The development of the QSDM seeks to understand the complexity of the interactions between agriculture and hydrological systems, recognize the stakeholders’ needs and identify risks and weaknesses of both systems. By understanding this, we expect to reinforce the adaptation process, reduce conflict and be able to suggest tailored solutions and adaptation measures. The QSDM incorporates a wide range of perceptions, as twenty stakeholders ranging from farmers, government agencies, environmental protection organizations and local water authorities were involved in the QSDM development. Their perceptions were recorded in the QSDM through individual interviews and a group workshop.</p><p>Through the QSDM, we identified and mapped the structure and connections between agriculture and the water balance. It was also possible to identify the strongest feedback loops governing both sectors as well as their influence on the current situation. The loops represent behaviors and structures, which might become unmanageable under climate change conditions. The causal loops include the different uses for the available water of the region, the impact of irrigation, the significance of crop selection and the importance of sustainable soil management.</p><p>By analyzing the system this way, we confirmed that climate change poses a risk to the region as elevated temperatures could increase the crop water demand and increase the need for irrigation. In the same way, changes in the rain patterns could affect the water balance of the region. The agricultural system has, however, potential to adapt by implementing new water management strategies such as restructuring water rights, water storage and reuse and conjunctive water use. Other measures include increasing the irrigation efficiency, changing crops and enhancing the soil quality, among others.</p>

scholarly journals Canal network effects on the water balance in southeastern Srem

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-134
Author(s):  
Enike Gregoric
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Analytical Relationship ◽  
Drainage Canal ◽  
Precipitation Total ◽  
Canal Network

This paper presents the results of research and analyses of the effects of a drainage canal network on the water balance of southeastern Srem. The paper was derived from a doctoral thesis which contains a detailed study of key components of the water balance of southeastern Srem, including actual amounts of water removed via the drainage canal network. A linear multiple regression model was used to establish an analytical relationship between the amounts of evacuated water (a dependent variable) and four key parameters (total precipitation, total potential evapotranspiration, average stage of the Sava River, and average groundwater level - independent variables). This correlation allows for the forecasting of hydrologic events based on historic measured data and provides answers to some important questions regarding water management and soil conservation practices. The efficiency of the drainage canal network is closely linked with its maintenance. The paper shows that canal maintenance is inadequate, mainly due to financial issues. In some parts of the studied area, drainage canals have become virtual open sewers. For this reason, the future development of the drainage system must be part of comprehensive and integrated water management in southeastern Srem. .

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