scholarly journals Anatomy and Micromorphology of Inula helenium subsp. orgyalis and I. ensifolia (Asteraceae) from Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Tulay AYTAS AKCIN ◽  
Adnan AKCIN
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Secretory Cavities ◽  
Inula Helenium

Inula helenium L. subsp. orgyalis (Boiss.) Grierson and Inula ensifolia L. were investigated anatomically and micromorphologically. The secretory cavities in the leaves and stem of both investigated taxa were located in the neighbourhood of the vascular bundles and in the rhizomes in the secondary cortex. The leaf mesophylls of investigated Inula taxa were homogeneous. Stomata were anomocytic in two species. The distribution and density of the eglandular and glandular trichomes provide information of taxonomical significance. Moreover, the cypselas of I. helenium L. subsp. orgyalis were homomorphic, whereas in I. ensifolia cypselas were heteromorphic. Additionally, the number of ribs, the shape of carpopodium and stylopodium were diagnostic taxonomic characters between the two taxa.

scholarly journals Distribution and structure of internal secretory reservoirs on the vegetative organs of Inula helenium L. (Asteraceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Sulborska
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Secretory Cavities ◽  
Inula Helenium ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Large Central Vacuole

The aim of the study was to investigate the structure and topography of endogenous secretory tissues of <i>Inula helenium</i> L. By using light and electron microscopy, morphological and anatomical observations of stems, leaves and rhizomes were made. It was shown that in the stems secretory cavities were situated in the vicinity of phloem and xylem bundles. The number of the reservoirs reached its maximum value (34) at shoot flowerig termination, whereas the cavities with the largest diameter were observed at full flowering stage (44.6 µm). In the leaf petioles and midribs, the reservoirs also accompanied the vascular bundles, and their number and size increased along with the growth of the assimilation organs. Observations of the cross sections of the rhizomes revealed the presence of several rings of secretory reservoirs. The measurements of the cavities showed that as a rule the reservoirs with a larger dimension were located in the phelloderm, whereas the smallest ones in the xylem area. The secretory cavities located in the stems and leaves developed by schizogenesis, whereas the rhizome reservoirs were probably formed schizolisygenously. The cells lining the reservoirs formed a one - four-layered epithelium. Observed in TEM, the secretory cells of the mature cavities located in the rhizomes were characterised by the presence of a large central vacuole, whereas the protoplast was largely degraded. Fibrous elements of osmophilic secretion and numerous different coloured vesicles could be distinguished in it. The cell walls formed, from the side of the reservoir lumen, ingrowths into the interior of the epithelial cells. Between the cell wall and the plasmalemma of the glandular cells, a brighter periplasmatic zone with secretory vesicles was observed.

scholarly journals Morphology and anatomy of leaf mine in Richterago riparia Roque (Asteraceae) in the campos rupestres of Serra do Cipó, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. A. MELO DE PINNA ◽  
J. E. KRAUS ◽  
N. L. de MENEZES
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Serra Do Cipó ◽  
Phenolic Substances

The leaf mine in Richterago riparia is caused by a lepidopteran larva (lepidopteronome). The leaves of R. riparia show campdodrome venation; the epidermis is unistratified, with stomata and glandular trichomes in adaxial and abaxial surfaces. The mesophyll is bilateral and the vascular system is collateral. During the formation of the mine, the larva consumes the chlorenchyma of the mesophyll and the smaller vascular bundles (veins of third and fourth orders). Structural alterations in the tissues of the host plant were not observed, except for the formation of a wound meristem and the presence of cells with phenolic substances next to the mine. Three cephalic exuviae of the miner were found in the mesophyll. This lepidopteronome is parenchymatic and the epidermis remains intact, but forms a protective layer for the mining insect.

Biology and development of galls induced by Lopesia sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on leaves of Mimosa gemmulata (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Cotrim Costa ◽  
Renê Gonçalves da Silva Carneiro ◽  
Juliana Santos Silva ◽  
Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Nutritive Tissue ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Galling Insects ◽  
Late Growth

Analyses of gall biology and development allow determination of morphogenesis events in host-plant organs that are altered by galling insects. Currently, we assume that there is a correlation between Lopesia sp. instars and the alterations in gall tissues on Mimosa gemmulata that generate the gall shape. The development of Lopesia sp. (three larval instars, pupae and adult) correlates positively with gall growth, especially on the anticlinal axis. First-instar larvae are found in galls at the stage of induction, Instar 2 in galls at early growth and development, Instar 3 in galls at late growth and development, pupae in galls at maturation, and the adult emerges from senescent galls. At induction, the larva stimulates cell differentiation in pinnula and pinna-rachis tissues on M. gemmulata. At early growth and development stages, cell division and expansion are increased, and non-glandular trichomes assist gall closing. Homogenous parenchyma and neoformed vascular bundles characterise late growth and development. At maturation, tissues are compartmentalised and cells achieve major expansion through elongation. At senescence, galls open by the falling of trichomes, and mechanical and nutritive cells have thickened walls. The neoformed nutritive tissue nurtures the developing Lopesia sp., whose feeding behaviour influences the direction of cell elongation, predominantly periclinal, determinant for gall bivalve shape.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the proximal to distal regions of the petioles to identify 15 tree species of Papilionoideae-Fabaceae

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Heneidak ◽  
Abdel Samai M Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Sophora Japonica ◽  
Secretory Cavities ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Sophora Davidii ◽  
Vascular Trace ◽  
Stem Leaf

Comparative studies on the structure of the vascular supply of stem-leaf transitional zone of the petioles were carried out in 15 papilionoid tree species. Anatomical characteristics and changes in the main vascular trace were recorded. The anatomical features of significance include outline; epidermal cell; pericyclic fiber patterns; main petiolar vasculature; presence, number and separation of ridge vascular bundles; presence of additional accessory ridge bundles; crystal types; secretory elements and multicellular trichomes. Erythrina variegata and Pterocarpus indicus show no change in the petiole trace structure throughout their petioles from proximal to distal, while the rest of the species have minor to major changes. Sophora secundiflora has the highest number of ridge vascular bundles (5-6), while these are absent in the two Dalbergia species, E. variegata, Derris robusta, Sophora davidii and S. japonica. Only Derris robusta and Sophora japonica show unusual petiole trace structure by having two additional accessory ridge bundles adaxial of the main trace enclosing with it by a complete ring of pericyclic fibers. The studied species of tribe Millettieae show the presence of secretory cavities lined by epithelial cells. The usefulness of these character states is shown for assessing, identifying and delimiting these examined species. Key words: Accessory ridge bundles, Crystals, Papilionoideae, Petiole anatomy, Petiole vasculature, Ridge bundles, Secretory cavities DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v14i2.530 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 14(2): 101-115, 2007 (December)

scholarly journals Phylogenetic implications of the anatomical study of the Amburaneae clade (Fabaceae: Faboideae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
João Pedro Silvério Pena Bento ◽  
Edna Scremin-Dias ◽  
Flávio Macedo Alves ◽  
Vidal De Freitas Mansano ◽  
Ângela Lúcia Bagnatori Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Secretory Cavities ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Vegetative Characters

Abstract Phylogenetic analyses of early-diverging Faboideae have indicated that genera previously positioned in distinct tribes are instead closely related, e.g. in the Amburaneae clade, and the relatively recent rearrangements of many genera into clades has hampered the identification of morphological synapomorphies for previously unrecognized clades. Our aims are to evaluate anatomical vegetative characters of leaflets attached to reproductive features in the Amburaneae clade, to identify new synapomorphies for the clade and subclades, to identify characters supporting intergeneric relationships and diagnostic characters for the genus and species and to provide information about the morphology and histochemistry of secretory structures. The study was based on the anatomy of the leaflet of 19 species of the Amburaneae clade. Papillae cells, the presence of vascular system units and hypodermis are shared features of Amburaneae. Anatomical characters of the leaflet can be diagnostic at the generic and specific levels in Amburaneae. Secretory structures found in the clade are secretory cavities, secretory channels, idioblasts, mucilaginous epidermal cells and glandular trichomes. The broader concept of Amburaneae is reinforced here by morphological and molecular data, with the identification of new synapomorphies. Our dataset supports the intergeneric relationships resolved by molecular data.

Anatomy of vegetative organs with an emphasis on the secretory structures of two species of Aldama (Asteraceae–Heliantheae)

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuane Oliveira ◽  
Aline Bertolosi Bombo ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-Da-Glória
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Anatomical Analysis ◽  
Secretory Cavities ◽  
Underground System

Aldama arenaria (Baker) E.E.Schill. & Panero and Aldama robusta (Gardner) E.E.Schill. & Panero are aromatic plants, morphologically very similar and usually confused on the analysis of exsiccates. The present study aimed to identify the secretory structures present in vegetative organs and to survey for anatomical features with diagnostic value between A. arenaria and A. robusta based on an examination of these organs. Aldama arenaria and A. robusta exhibit hydathodes in the dentate ornamentations of the leaf margins and apices in addition to glandular trichomes, secretory cavities and ducts, all of which vary with respect to type and location in each species. Xylopodia and adventitious roots constitute the underground system. The xylopodium is covered by epidermis or by suberised cells resulting from periclinal divisions of parenchyma cells. The tuberisation process of adventitious roots results mainly from hypertrophy and hyperplasia of medullary cells, especially in A. arenaria. Through anatomical analysis, useful features for distinction between A. arenaria and A. robusta in exsiccates and fresh materials were identified, and these features were related mainly to the position and frequency of secretory structures.

Diversity of leaf secretory structures in five Neotropical genera of Primulaceae: ecological aspects and evolutionary significance

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Nunes de Luna ◽  
Maria de Fátima Freitas ◽  
Claudia Franca Barros
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Meristem Cell ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
The Family ◽  
Secretory Cavities ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Mode Of Development

Many species of Primulaceae have chemical or medicinal importance, directly related to the presence of an important set of secretory structures distributed throughout the entire plant. Such structures are not only relevant in a pharmaceutical context, but also for taxonomic, systematic, and evolutionary studies within the family. Despite this, studies of the secretory structures in Primulaceae are still scarce. In this context, we aimed to identify and classify the diversity of secretory structures on the leaves of five Neotropical Primulaceae genera belonging to the Myrsinoideae and Theophrastoideae subfamilies, using light, confocal, and epifluorescence microscopy analysis. The species we studied had a diversity of secretory structures: mucilaginous and phenolic-content idioblasts, glandular trichomes, hydathodes, and secretory cavities/ducts. The development of secretory cavities and trichomes is asynchronous and begins before tissue and leaf maturation. Secretory cavities derive from a ground meristem cell and follow a schizogenous mode of development. The chemical nature of the secretion is diverse and varies according to the type of secretory structure and among species. Here, we hypothesize that both peltate glandular trichomes and secretory cavities may be considered a synapomorphy for Primulaceae. Moreover, we suggest that environmental factors have shaped the diversification of function of the secretory structures found in Primulaceae.

Leaf secretory tissues in Myrsine coriacea and Myrsine venosa (Primulaceae): ontogeny, morphology, and chemical composition of essential oils

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 757-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Nunes de Luna ◽  
Anna Carina Antunes e Defaveri ◽  
Alice Sato ◽  
Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo ◽  
Maria de Fátima Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Secretory Cavities ◽  
First Time

Secretory structures are an outstanding feature in Primulaceae (Ericales). Such structures are known for their taxonomical and medicinal importance. However, a detailed morphological study of the secretory structures in Primulaceae has been neglected. Selected species for this study belong to Myrsine, a widely distributed genus in Brazil, popularly known as “capororoca”. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the ontogenesis of the secretory structures in the leaves of Myrsine coriacea (Sw.) R. Br. ex Roem & Schult. and Myrsine venosa A.DC. and report, for the first time, on the composition of their essential oils. The following secretory structures are found in M. coriacea and M. venosa: idioblasts, glandular trichomes, and secretory cavities. The development of all secretory structures, which is asynchronous, occurs during leaf expansion and differentiation; therefore, in leaf primordia, the same type of secretory structure could be observed at different stages of differentiation. By the complete expansion of leaf primordia, all secretory structures have reached their full size. Idioblasts are derived from both protodermal and ground meristem cells and they secrete mucilage or phenolic compounds. The glandular trichomes can be peltate, as found in both species, or branched, as found only in M. coriacea. Trichomes are initiated by the enlargement of protodermal cells, followed by their division, and they are completely formed by the end of leaf expansion. Secretory cavities are schizogenous and originated from ground meristem cells. Major components from M. coriacea essential oils were β-elemene, γ-muurolene, and α-cadinene, while the major components of M. venosa essential oils were β-caryophyllene, γ-muurolene, and δ-cadinene.

scholarly journals Macro and microscopic characters of the aerial vegetative organs of Carqueja: Baccharis usterii Heering

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Manfron Budel ◽  
Márcia do Rocio Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Secretory Ducts

This work aimed to study the macro and microscopic characters of the aerial vegetative organs of Baccharis usterii for quality control purposes. The plant was prepared for light and scanning electron microscopic analyses. The stem consisted of three-winged cladodes with small leaves. In the caulinar axis, these was a uniseriate epidermis, chlorenchyma alternating with angular collenchyma, perivascular fibre caps adjoining the phloem which was outside the xylem, and parenchymatic pith. The wings and the leaves were alike, presenting a uniseriate epidermis, palisade parenchyma next to the both sides of the epidermis and spongy parenchyma traversed by minor collateral vascular bundles in the central region. In the leaf midrib, a single collateral vascular bundle was embedded in the ground parenchyma. Secretory ducts and glandular trichomes occured in the stem and leaf.

scholarly journals The structure and distribution of glandular trichomes on the stems and leaves of drug eyebright (Euphrasia stricta D. Wolff ex J. F. Lehm.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Anna Matysik-Woźniak ◽  
Dagmara Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
Active Substances

<i>Euphrasia stricta</i> is a medicinal plant being one of the ingredients of "Herba Euphrasiae". Many studies have been devoted to the identification of biologically active substances in the herb of eyebright, but much less research has been done on the constitution of glandular structures of this taxon. This paper relates to glandular trichomes located on the stems and leaves of <i>E. stricta</i>. The trichome structure was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that the stems of <i>E. stricta</i> were mainly covered by non-glandular trichomes, whereas glandular trichomes were rarely found on them. However, clusters of short capitate trichomes were found to occur in specific epidermal regions on both surfaces of the leaf blades and bracts. On the adaxial leaf surface, glandular trichomes grew only in the grooves above the vascular bundles, while on the abaxial surface in the depressions located in the expanded part of the teeth. The glandular hairs consisted of 1-2 cells of the stalk and a two-celled head. Trichomes with 3- or 4-celled heads were found sporadically. The glandular trichomes functioned non-synchronously, since they differed in head size and the colour of cell protoplasts. The presence of a light secretion was found on the surface and around the trichomes in both fresh and dry plant material.

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