scholarly journals Distribution of Porcine Haemal Nodes and Morphological Variations in the Haemal Nodes of Cattle and West African Dwarf Goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-427
Author(s):  
Anietie Francis UDOUMOH ◽  
Daniel N. EZEASOR ◽  
Udensi Maduabuchi IGWEBUIKE
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large White ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Medullary Cords ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Apparently healthy, non-lactating, non-gravid adult large white pigs (15), adult cattle (10) and adult West African Dwarf (WAD) goats of either genders were used to investigate the morphology of haemal nodes using gross anatomical and histological techniques. The results demonstrated that the haemal nodes of pigs occurred in the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic regions along the course of blood vessels. The ranges of the longest diameters of the dark brown organs were 6.1 – 30.3 cm in pigs, 4.1 – 18.7 cm in cattle and 2.7 – 8.2 cm in WAD goats. Bovine haemal nodes showed cortical and medullary parenchymal areas, with the cortex demonstrating primary and secondary lymphoid follicles in a circumferential fashion. The medulla showed blood filled medullary sinusoids and medullary cords. In WAD goat, the reticular cells and smooth muscle cells of the capsule were oriented in different directions and the subcapsular, cortical and medullary sinusoids exhibited erythrocytes in pockets. In conclusion, the present study has provided information on the distribution of haemal nodes in pigs as well as other unique morphological features of cattle and WAD goat haemal nodes that could aid their identification and suggest their roles in the body. 

scholarly journals Effect of age, sex and local government area on linear body measurements of WAD goat in Ogun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
F. A. Aluko ◽  
O. E. Daramola ◽  
B. B. A. Taiwo
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
West African ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goats ◽  
Dwarf Goats

One hundred and twenty West African Dwarf goats were used in this study. Observations were made from twelve different towns in Yewa North, Yewa South and Abeokuta North Local Government. West African dwarf goats were evaluated for phenotypic variation at different ages ranges from 1, 2 and 3 years. Variations in live weight and body measurements such as height at wither; body length, heart girth, fore limb length, hind limb length, face length, ear length, ear width, hip width and tail length were taken. The local government areas significantly (P<0.05, 0.001) affected body length, fore limb length, ear length, ear width, hip width and live weight. Age and sex significantly (P<0.01) affected all the body measurements. The mean live weight by age groups are 6.61 + 0.31kg, 13.10 + 0.60kg and 20.18 + 0.95kg for ages 1,2 and 3 respectively. The coat colour varied from black, brown, grey to white in WAD goats. Some colours were in patches, some uniform while others were spotted

scholarly journals Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting the performance of West African Dwarf (WAD), Yankasa (YAN) and WAD X YAN lambs in the tropics

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
O. O. Adewumi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
West African ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
West African Dwarf

Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting performance of sheep at the Teaching and Research farm of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria were studied from 2005-2006. Genetic groups involved were 8 West African Dwarf sheep (WAD), 10 Yankasa (YAN) and 10 WAD X YAN (XBD). Data were analysed using General Linear Model of least squares analysis of variance to test the influence of genetic group, sex, season and age on weights and linear body measurements such as height at withers (HT), body length (BL), Neck length (NL), Neck circumference (NC), heart girth (HG), Foreleg length (FL), Hind leg length (HL), Face length (FA), Ear length (EA), Headwidth (HW), shoulder width (SW), tail length (TL) and Rump height (RH). Weight, HT, BL, HG, FL, HL, FL, EL, TL and RH were significantly affected by genetic group. Female lambs weighed 0.75kg more than the males (p<0.01). Season of birth had significant effect on WT (p<0.0001), HT (p<0.01), NL (p<0.001), FL (p<0.0001), HL (p<0.0.0001), FA (p<0.01), SW (p<0.01) and RL (p<0.05), the traits were superior in the rainy season. Age significantly affected all parameters considered. The WAD (0.53) and XBD (1.39kg) lambs were and heavier during the rainy season as compared to the dry season. Of the body dimensional traits, HG had the highest correlation coefficients with WT in WAD and YAN lambs estimated at 0.86 and 0.89 respectively, whereas HT was the most correlated trait with WT in XBD lambs. Height at withers and body length were the most important additional variables to heartgirth accounting for 87% prediction of body weight in WAD and YAN lambs, whereas, HT, BL, NC, HG, SW, TL and RH could account for up to 90% of body weight in XBD lambs

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of goat breeds in Nigeria using discriminant analysis approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
E. A. Rotimi ◽  
A. M. Aliyu ◽  
A. Aruwayo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
West African ◽  
The Body ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goats ◽  
Poids Corporel ◽  
Split Sample ◽  
Dwarf Goats

Information on morphological characteristics is a prerequisite to sustainable breed classification and conservation for proper management and utilization. The present study aimed to identify morphological characteristics that best classify the Sahel, Sokoto Red and West African Dwarf goats of Nigeria. A total of 584 goats of both sexes; Sahel (N = 163), Sokoto Red (N = 171) and West African Dwarf (N = 250) were randomly sampled and used for this study. The body parameters measured included body weight (BWT), height at wither (HW), body length (BL), paunch girth (PG), heart girth (HG) and ear length (EL). Multivariate technique of discriminant analysis procedure of SPSS 20.0 statistical package was used to classify the Sahel, Sokoto Red and West African Dwarf goats into their original breed. Accuracy of the classification was checked using cross-validation (leave-one-out, jack-knife or split-sample) procedure. Results showed that the mean body weight (kg) of Sokoto Red was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of Sahel and West African Dwarf goats (23.596, 17.117 and 14.800 respectively). Highest correlation values were recorded between body weight and height at withers (0.777) in Sahel, body weight and paunch girth (0.707) in Sokoto Red and body weight and heart girth (0.797) in West African Dwarf goats. The discriminant analysis on body weight and the linear body measurements revealed that paunch girth and height at withers were the most discriminating variables and clearly separated and classified the three goat breeds into their breeds of origin. The discriminant function obtained correctly classified 99.0% of individuals from the sample of known goat populations. The classification accuracy of the function was cross-validated using the split sample method, and indicated a 99.0% success rate (97.5%, 100.0% and 99.2% of Sahel, Sokoto Red and West African Dwarf goats respectively). It was concluded that there was a clear separation between Barcha and Atlas goats. It was concluded that discriminant tool may be used successfully in the field to classify Sahel, Sokoto Red and West African Dwarf in the field, however there is need to complement this with molecular characterization using DNA marker for better conservation and improvement programme of indigenous goat genetic resources.   L'information sur les caractéristiques morphologiques est une condition préalable à la classification et à la conservation durables des races pour une gestion et une utilisation appropriées. Cet étude visait à identifier les caractéristiques morphologiques qui classent le mieux les chèvres sahéliennes, rouges de Sokoto et naines d'Afrique de l'Ouest du Nigeria. Un total de 584 chèvres des deux sexes ; Sahel (N = 163), Sokoto Red (N = 171) et West African Dwarf (N = 250) ont été échantillonnés au hasard et utilisés pour cette étude. Les paramètres corporels mesurés comprenaient le poids corporel (PC), la hauteur au garrot (HG), lalongueur du corps (BL), la circonférence de la panse (CP), la circonférence du cœur (CC) et la longueur des oreilles (LO). La technique multivariée de la procédure d'analyse discriminante du progiciel statistique SPSS 20.0 a été utilisée pour classer les chèvres sahéliennes, rouges de Sokoto et naines d'Afrique de l'Ouest dans leur race d'origine. L'exactitude de la classification a été vérifiée à l'aide d'une procédure de validation croisée (en laisser un, un couteau ou un échantillon divisé). Les résultats ont montré que le poids corporel moyen (kg) de Sokoto Red était significativement (P<0,05) supérieur à celui des chèvres naines du Sahel et d'Afrique de l'Ouest (23,596, 17,117 et 14,800 respectivement). Les valeurs de corrélation les plus élevées ont été enregistrées entre le poids corporel et la hauteur au garrot (0,777) au Sahel, le poids corporel et la circonférence de la panse (0,707) chez le Sokoto Red et le poids corporel et la circonférence cardiaque (0,797) chez les chèvres naines d'Afrique de l'Ouest. L'analyse discriminante sur le poids corporel et les mesures corporelles linéaires ont révélé que la circonférence de la panse et la hauteur au garrot étaient les variables les plus discriminantes et ont clairement séparé et classé les trois races caprines dans leurs races d'origine. La fonction discriminante obtenue a correctement classé 99,0 % des individus de l'échantillon de populations caprines connues. La précision de la classification de la fonction a été contre-validée à l'aide de la méthode de l'échantillon divisé et a indiqué un taux de réussite de 99,0 % (respectivement 97,5 %, 100,0 % et 99,2 % des chèvres sahéliennes, rouges de Sokoto et naines d'Afrique de l'Ouest). Il a été conclu qu'il y avait une nette séparation entre les chèvres Barcha et Atlas. Il a été conclu que l'outil discriminant peut être utilisé avec succès sur le terrain pour classer le Sahel, le rouge de Sokoto et le nain d'Afrique de l'Ouest sur le terrain, mais il est nécessaire de le compléter par une caractérisation moléculaire à l'aide d'un marqueur ADN pour une meilleure conservation et un programme d'amélioration de la génétique caprine indigène. Ressources.

scholarly journals Coat pigmentation effects in West African Dwarf goats: live weights and body dimensions

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Ozoje ◽  
O. O. Mgbere
Keyword(s):  
Market Price ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
West African ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Abdominal Girth ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
West African Dwarf

The effect of coat pigmentation on live weight and various body measurements (body length, shoulder width, head width, leg length, neck girth, heart girth, abdominal girth, heart depth and height at withers) of the West African Dwarf (WAD) goats were studied. Coat pigmentation significantly (P<0.05) affected live weight with the white and or tan (Awt) goats weighing the most (26.30 kg on the average). Body weight at maturity increased with decrease in pigmentation intensity. Although coat pigmentation had no significant effect on all the body dimensions studied except leg length, it was observed that the white and or tan goats had the largest frame size on the average followed by the brown (Bbl) goats. They however, had shorter legs when compared with either the brown or black goats. Frame size also increased with decrease in coat pigmentation intensity. Selection for large frame size and heavy weight at maturity on the basis of coat colour would therefore favour the white goats and those with low pigmentation intensity, where size and market price are the determinant factors.   

scholarly journals EVALUATION STUDIES ON THE EFFICACY OF PYRETHRUM BASED INSECTICIDE (TYRAX®) IN THE CONTROL OF MANGE IN GOATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
A. A. TAIWO ◽  
A. D. ADEJUYIGBE ◽  
E. F. ADEBOWALE ◽  
A. M. DARAMOLA
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
West African ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Surface Application ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Very High

Two studies were conducted in assessing the efficacy of a pyrethrum based insecticide (Tyrax®) as a control for mange in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. In the first study, an on-station trial, four goats infested with mange at the neck, sternum and scrotum were treated with tyrax solution (1:20 dilution) by surface application at 3 day interval for four weeks. Mange had completely disappeared in two of the four goats while the efficacy was 70% in the others at 4 weeks of treatment. In the second study, an on-farm trial, 41 goats in 17 households were treated with tyrax (1:20 and 1:40 dilution rates) and ivermectin (ivomec), injected subcuteneously (1ml/50kg body weight). Infested areas of goats included various parts of the body and the entire body. Observations were made at two periods after treatments (2 and 4 weeks). The efficacy was very high for all the treatments at 2 weeks but this was apparent at 4 weeks (P<0.05). Significant difference (P<0.05) was noticed only with ivomec® treatment between the two periods. Based on this work, tyrax® can be used in the treatment of localized mange infestation.  

Growth performance and blood parameters of West African dwarf rams fed dried Ficus thonningii foliage as supplement to high quality cassava peel

Food Chain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-78
Author(s):  
Bazit Bakare ◽  
Olufemi Onifade ◽  
Victoria Ojo ◽  
Kafayat Adebayo ◽  
Anandan Samireddypalle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
West African ◽  
High Quality ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Ficus Thonningii ◽  
Cassava Peel

scholarly journals The dynamic of body and brain co-evolution

2021 ◽  
pp. 105971232199468
Author(s):  
Paolo Pagliuca ◽  
Stefano Nolfi
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

We introduce a method that permits to co-evolve the body and the control properties of robots. It can be used to adapt the morphological traits of robots with a hand-designed morphological bauplan or to evolve the morphological bauplan as well. Our results indicate that robots with co-adapted body and control traits outperform robots with fixed hand-designed morphologies. Interestingly, the advantage is not due to the selection of better morphologies but rather to the mutual scaffolding process that results from the possibility to co-adapt the morphological traits to the control traits and vice versa. Our results also demonstrate that morphological variations do not necessarily have destructive effects on robots’ skills.

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