scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Stress on Yield, Its Components and Some Physiological Traits at Different Growth Stages in Grain Sorghum Genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Ali AZARINASRABAD ◽  
Seyyed Mohsen MOUSAVINIK ◽  
Mohammad GALAVI ◽  
Seyyed Alireza BEHESHTI ◽  
Alireza SIROUSMEHR
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Radiation Use

Investigation on yield improvement and development under drought condition using breeding techniques is difficult, due to the association with low heritability of specific traits. Even more, investigation of physiological indicators (stomatal conductance, chlorophyll index, relative water content, chlorophyll fluorescence, canopy temperature, radiation use efficiency, stay-green etc.) is of interest as they are more accessible, with a low cost, therefore these indicators of physiological traits can be used as good criteria in selecting valuable species. In order to evaluate the effects of water stress on grain yield, its components and some physiological traits of grain sorghum genotypes (Sorghum bicolor L.), a field experiment using split plot design with three replications was carried. The main plots included three water stress treatments: normal irrigation as control, halting irrigation at the stage of terminal leaf emergence and halting irrigation at the stage of 50% flowering. The sub-plots included 10 genotypes of sorghum (‘KGS29’, ‘MGS2’, ‘Sepideh’, ‘KGFS27’, ‘MGS5’, ‘KGFS5’, ‘KGFS17’, ‘KGFS13’ and ‘KGFS30’). Results showed that water stress significantly decreased grain yield and its components (1,000 seed weight, number of seed per panicle) and had various effects on physiological traits. The water stress increased canopy temperature and radiation use efficiency, while stomatal conductance, chlorophyll index (SPAD) and stay-green of genotypes were decreased; the maximum efficiency of photosystem II of photosynthesis remained unchanged between the treatments. Genotypes turned out to have significantly different responses to the drought treatments for all the studied traits, indicating the existence of a high variability among them. In general, physiological traits could be used as good indicators in water stress investigations and might provide comprehensive information as compared with morphological traits.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Stress on Yield, Its Components and Some Physiological Traits at Different Growth Stages in Grain Sorghum Genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali AZARINASRABAD ◽  
Seyyed Mohsen MOUSAVINIK ◽  
Mohammad GALAVI ◽  
Seyyed Alireza BEHESHTI ◽  
Alireza SIROUSMEHR
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Response of greenhouse-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to variable irrigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olanike Aladenola ◽  
Chandra Madramootoo
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Use Efficiency

Aladenola, O. and Madramootoo, C. 2014. Response of greenhouse-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to variable irrigation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 303–310. In order to optimize water use in bell pepper production information about the appropriate irrigation water applications and agronomic and physiological response to mild and severe water stress is necessary. Different water applications were tested on yield, quality and water stress threshold of greenhouse-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivar Red Knight in 2011 and 2012 on the Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Ste Anne De Bellevue, QC. The study was carried out on a soil substrate in the greenhouse. Irrigation was scheduled with four treatments:120% (T1), 100% (T2), 80% (T3), and 40% (T4) replenishment of crop evapotranspiration in a completely randomized design. The highest marketable yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were obtained with T1 in both years. T1 received 20% more water than T2 to produce 23% more marketable yield than T2. Fruit total soluble solids content was highest in T4, and smallest in T1. The mean crop water stress index (CWSI) of the irrigation treatments ranged between 0.08 and 1.18. Leaf stomatal conductance of bell pepper was 75 to 80% lower in T4 than in T1. Regression obtained between stomatal conductance and CWSI resulted in a polynomial curve with coefficients of determination of 0.88 and 0.97 in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The result from this study indicate that the yield derived justifies the use of an extra quantity of water. Information from this study will help water regulators to make appropriate decision about water to be allocated for greenhouse production of bell pepper.

Stomatal and non-stomatal limitations of photosynthesis under water stress in field-grown grapevines

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Escalona ◽  
J. Flexas ◽  
H. Medrano
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Apparent Quantum Yield ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Processes ◽  
Stomatal Limitations

Long-term induced water stress in field-grown grapevine leads to a progressive decline of stomatal conductance, accompanied by a decrease in CO 2 assimilation (40%). The apparent quantum yield also decreases (59%), which may reflect a relative increase in alternative processes for electron consumption. There is also a shift to non-stomatal regulation, as judged from significant depletions (37%) in maximum photosynthesis rate at saturating CO 2 related to limited ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) regeneration, whereas small, non-significant effects are observed on carboxylation efficiency. A high correlation (87%) between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance is observed for all experimental data and declines in intercellular CO 2 concentration parallel reductions in stomatal conductance. The data show that field response of grapevines to increasing soil water deficit involves stomatal and non-stomatal effects but, due to gradually induced drought, regulation mechanisms able to adjust mesophyll capacity to the average CO 2 supply. The non-stomatal adjustment seems to be exerted mainly in metabolic pathways related with the RuBP regeneration. Contrasting characteristics were observed for both cultivars. Tempranillo exploited the non-stressful conditions successfully, whereas Manto Negro, responding to its reputation as more drought resistant, showed a higher intrinsic water use efficiency, particularly for low water availability. This advantage seems to be due to lower non-stomatal limitations.

Response of Fifteen Grain Sorghum Genotypes to Water Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-124
Author(s):  
M. S. Radwan ◽  
R. I. A. El-Zanaty ◽  
M. A. El-Nahrawy ◽  
M. Abbas Abed
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

scholarly journals IS ABSCISIC ACID INVOLVED IN THE DROUGHT RESPONSES OF BRAZILIAN GREEN DWARF COCONUT?

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. GOMES ◽  
M. A. OLIVA ◽  
M. S. MIELKE ◽  
A-A. F. DE ALMEIDA ◽  
H. G. LEITE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Recovery Cycles ◽  
Mild Drought

SUMMARYAbscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in leaves of drought-stressed coconut palms and its involvement with stomatal regulation of gas exchange during and after stress were investigated. Two Brazilian Green Dwarf coconut ecotypes from hot/humid and hot/dry environments were submitted to three consecutive drying/recovery cycles under greenhouse conditions. ABA accumulated in leaflets before significant changes in pre-dawn leaflet water potential (ΨPD) and did not recover completely in the two ecotypes after 8 days of rewatering. Stomatal conductance was influenced by ABA under mild drought and by ΨPD under severe drought. There were no significant differences between the ecotypes for most variables measured. However, the ecotype from a hot/dry environment showed higher water use efficiency after repeated cycles of water stress.

Stomatal and non-stomatal limitations of photosynthesis under water stress in field-grown grapevines

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Escalona ◽  
J. Flexas ◽  
H. Medrano
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Apparent Quantum Yield ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Processes ◽  
Stomatal Limitations

Long-term induced water stress in field-grown grapevine leads to a progressive decline of stomatal conductance, accompanied by a decrease in CO 2 assimilation (40%). The apparent quantum yield also decreases (59%), which may reflect a relative increase in alternative processes for electron consumption. There is also a shift to non-stomatal regulation, as judged from significant depletions (37%) in maximum photosynthesis rate at saturating CO 2 related to limited ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) regeneration, whereas small, non-significant effects are observed on carboxylation efficiency. A high correlation (87%) between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance is observed for all experimental data and declines in intercellular CO 2 concentration parallel reductions in stomatal conductance. The data show that field response of grapevines to increasing soil water deficit involves stomatal and non-stomatal effects but, due to gradually induced drought, regulation mechanisms able to adjust mesophyll capacity to the average CO 2 supply. The non-stomatal adjustment seems to be exerted mainly in metabolic pathways related with the RuBP regeneration. Contrasting characteristics were observed for both cultivars. Tempranillo exploited the non-stressful conditions successfully, whereas Manto Negro, responding to its reputation as more drought resistant, showed a higher intrinsic water use efficiency, particularly for low water availability. This advantage seems to be due to lower non-stomatal limitations.

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