scholarly journals Pollen Grain and Hybridization Studies in the Genus Capsicum

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi Lois OLATUNJI ◽  
Joseph Akintade MORAKINYO
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Gene Exchange ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Pollination Success ◽  
Capsicum Species

The current study aimed to evaluate the pollen viability of the commonly cultivated varieties of Capsicum species and assessed the potentials for gene exchange among the genotypes through hybridization studies. Capsicum annuum var. abbreviatum, C. annuum var. acuminatum, C. annuum var. grossum and C. frutescens var. baccatum were the species and varieties used in this study. The present findings indicated that the percentage of pollen viability varied in the studied Capsicum genotypes. The highest pollen viability was obtained in C. annuum var. abbreviatum (96.3%), followed by C. annuum var. grossum (95%), and C. annuum var. acuminatum (91.1%). The lowest pollen viability was recorded in C. frutescens var. baccatum (86.2%). The pollen viability was high in most varieties indicating that meiosis is normal, resulting in viable pollen grains. Several intraspecific and interspecific crosses were performed among the Capsicum genotypes and three putative hybrid fruits were produced. Percentage successes obtained in the crosses were low and comparable in both intra and inter-specific crosses. In the entire crosses pattern, pollination success of 10% was recorded for C. frutescens var. baccatum and C. annuum var. acuminatum. Knowing the nature and viability of pollen grains may help in predicting the success rate of hybridization and the successful crosses between C. frutescens var. baccatum and C. annuum var. acuminatum suggest that these two varieties are the closest genetically. 

scholarly journals Reproductive characterization of interspecific hybrids among Capsicum species

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Monteiro ◽  
Telma Nair Santana Pereira ◽  
Karina Pereira de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Capsicum Species ◽  
The Cross

The objective of this study was the reproductive characterization of Capsicum accessions as well as of interspecific hybrids, based on pollen viability. Hybrids were obtained between Capsicum species. Pollen viability was high in most accessions, indicating that meiosis is normal, resulting in viable pollen grains. The pollen viability of species C. pubescens was the lowest (27 %). The interspecific hybrids had varying degrees of pollen viability, from fertile combinations (C. chinense x C. frutescens and C. annuum x C. baccatum) to male sterile combinations. Pollen viability also varied within the hybrid combination according to accessions used in the cross. Results indicate that male sterility is one of the incompatibility barriers among Capsicum species since hybrids can be established, but may be male sterile.

scholarly journals Pollen grain traits of oil species from the Novi Sad collection

Genetika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovanka Atlagic ◽  
Ana Marjanovic-Jeromela ◽  
Radovan Marinkovic ◽  
Sreten Terzic
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Grain Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Pollen Grain Morphology ◽  
Specific Number

The collection of oil species in Novi Sad contains 12 species represented with 1-4 cultivars or landraces. In the continuous work on this collection in the sense of breeding of some of those species and their usage as a source of 'desirable genes' we analyzed pollen grain morphology (shape and size), as well as pollen viability. To determine mentioned pollen traits we used Axiovert 40C microscope together with a software package (AxioVision LE; Rel.4.3.) for measurement of pollen length and width. Pollen viability was determined using a staining method (ALEXANDER, 1969). The results showed that species differ by pollen grain shape (round, egg-shaped, triangular and rod) as well as by shape of exine (thick and spiky, thick to thin). In some species there was a specific number of apertures present (1-11). The size of viable pollen grains ranged from 29,10/12,58? (coriander) to 176,63/169,94? (oil gourd), while non-viable pollen grains were always smaller (27,27/10,97? to 119,62/100,86?) at the same plant species. Pollen viability of most species was around 80%. Lowest pollen viability was found in white flax (56,98%), and the highest in oil pumpkin (91,43%).

Trigenomic hybrids from interspecific crosses between Brassica napus and B. nigra

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneeta Pradhan ◽  
Julie A. Plummer ◽  
Matthew N. Nelson ◽  
Wallace A. Cowling ◽  
Guijun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Chromosome Count ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybridisation ◽  
Hybrid Seeds

Interspecific hybridisation was carried out between five cultivars of Brassica napus and five accessions of B. nigra in all possible cross combinations including reciprocals. Crossing success was higher when B. napus genotypes were used as female parents. Pollination of 799 B. napus flowers with B. nigra pollen resulted in 433 pods set and 2063 putative hybrid seeds. In the reciprocal direction, pollination of 877 B. nigra flowers with B. napus pollen resulted in 281 pods set and 113 putative hybrid seeds. Pod and seed set varied with genotype and only 19 out of 25 combinations of B. napus × B. nigra and 14 out of 25 combinations of B. nigra × B. napus yielded seeds. Hybridity of 2176 putative hybrid seeds (2063 from B. napus × B. nigra and 113 from B. nigra × B. napus) was tested. Microsatellite markers with known locations for the A, B and C genomes indicated that six plants were true hybrids and one more plant remained unconfirmed for hybrid status. All other plants from putative hybrid seeds had the same DNA banding patterns and similar morphological characters as the female parent. However, the true hybrids had DNA bands from both parents and an intermediate morphology for colour and hairiness of leaf, stem and petiole. Anthers were shrunken and thin with a very limited number of sterile pollen grains. Cytological examination confirmed the triploid status of the hybrid with 27 chromosomes. The unconfirmed hybrid had 9% pollen viability and chromosome count was 27 as with the true hybrid; however, there was no clear B-genome marker from B. nigra.

The importance of fruit set, fruit abortion, and pollination success in fruit production of teak (Tectona grandis)

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2204-2214 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Palupi ◽  
J. N. Owens ◽  
S. Sadjad ◽  
Sudarsono ◽  
D. D. Solihin
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Pollination Success ◽  
Fruit Abortion

Teak ( Tectona grandis L.) is believed to have been introduced from India 400–500 years ago and there appear to be no old-growth natural forests. However, Indonesia has many teak plantation forests and 40%–50% of seeds for reforestation come from seed orchards and the remainder from plantations. In both, flower and fruit abortion results in low fruit set and thus seed production. We investigated flower and fruit development in a clonal seed orchard in East Java in 1999 and 2001 using cross- and open-pollinated trees. The rates of abortion using cross-pollinations showed a similar pattern but were lower than for open-pollinations. The highest rate of abortion in cross- and open-pollinations was during pollination and fertilization, ranging 11%–23% and 31%–32%/day, respectively, less during fruit initiation (5%–6% and 6%–8%/day) and the lowest was during fruit maturation (<0.5%/day). Cross-pollinations increased fruit production by 10-fold compared with open-pollinations. About 30% of flowers were pollinated with an average of five pollen grains per stigma in open-pollinations. Pollen viability varied among clones and time of day but was not affected by position of flowers in an inflorescence. We conclude that low pollination success and low pollen viability are major causes for low fruit production in teak and are related to insect pollinators.

scholarly journals Abnormal Microspore Development Leads to Pollen Abortion in a Seedless Mutant of ‘Ougan’ Mandarin (Citrus suavissima Hort. ex Tanaka)

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Hu ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Qigen Wen ◽  
Jie Wei ◽  
Hualin Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Mature Pollen ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Microspore Development ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Tetrad Stage ◽  
In The Wild

Seedlessness is of commercial importance in citrus (Citrus L.). Seedless ‘Ougan’ mandarin (C. suavissima) was selected from a bud sport mutation that occurred in ‘Ougan’ mandarin. We analyzed their pollen viability through KI-I2 and FDA staining, and examined the anthers of wild-type (seedy) and seedless mutant ‘Ougan’ mandarin using histological and cytochemical methods to characterize the process of pollen development. No pollen fertility was detected in this mutant. Pollen abortion in anthers of the mutant occurred at the tetrad stage of microspore development, and almost all the tetrads were abnormal. The mutant had heterogeneous microspore populations, including monads, dyads, triads, tetrads, and polyads in the same microsporangium. Pollen grain number per anther of the mutant was 21.9% less than the wild type. Morphology of mature pollen grains using SEM showed that the shape of mature pollen grains from both wild type and mutant is similar, but the microsporangia of the latter contained pollen grains of more variable sizes. At the early mature pollen grain stage, abundant starch grains and lipids appeared in the wild type's pollen, but fewer amounts were observed in the mutant. Moreover, the tapetal cells of the wild type accumulated lipids, but not those of the mutant. Results indicated that the abnormal development of the microspore led to pollen abortion in the mutant, and this could be the reason for its seedlessness. However, the genetic reasons for the aberrant tetrads are not clear and are under investigation.

scholarly journals The influence of pollen viability on seed set and fruit mass in strawberry (fragaria x ananassa duch.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kaczmarska ◽  
Agnieszka M. Dobrowolska ◽  
Jerzy A. Hortyński
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Horticultural Plant ◽  
Fruit Mass

This research was conducted in 2006 in the Experimental Station of the Department of Genetics and Horticultural Plant Breeding in Felin near Lublin. It included 7 cultivars of strawberry ('Pastel', 'Salut', 'Teresa', 'Jota', 'Paula', 'Senga Sengana', 'Plena') and two selected clones: 2395 and 3995 that belonged to the Department. Analysis of pollen fertility was carried out on the basis of materials collected on five occasions: on May 17 (at the beginning of florescence), May 20 and May 24 (the peak of florescence) and on June 2 and June 13 (the end of florescence). Smear preparations stained with 2% acetocarmin and glycerin solution (1:1) were used to test pollen viability. The highest percent of viable pollen in 2006 was in cultivar 'Jota' (70.88%). The lowest viability had pollen of 'Teresa' cultivar (33.83%). The average content of viable pollen grains was the lowest on May 20 (36.79%). The highest pollen fertility was noted on June 2 (62.15%), the percent of fertile pollen on a similar level was observed on May 17 and 24 and June13. The cultivar 'Jota' was characterized by an increased level of pollen fertility that was quite high during the whole period of florescence. The number of seeds has a great influence on the proper development of spurious strawberry fruit. The mass of seeds from a single fruit has a great influence on the mass of fruits in both large and small fruit categories. Pollen viability affected the mass of seeds on big fruits (r = 0.444), but there is no clear direct relationship between pollen fertility and mass of strawberry fruit(r = -0.193 and r = -0.052).

scholarly journals Differences in stomatal and pollen grain dimensions and pollen viability between Paspalum rawitscheri populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e46
Author(s):  
Jéssica Mena Barreto De Freitas ◽  
Andrielle Wouters Kuhn ◽  
Viviane Dal-Souto Frescura ◽  
Liliana Essi ◽  
Solange Bosio Tedesco
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Pollen Grain Size ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Santa Maria

The objective of this study was to evaluate stomatal and pollen grain size and to estimate pollen viability of individuals from different populations of Paspalum rawitscheri (Parodi) Chase ex G.H. Rua Valls. To analyze stomatal size, slides were made of the adaxial leaf epidermis using the epidermal impression method. The height and width of 100 stomata per population were analyzed. Pollen was obtained from inflorescences to evaluate pollen grain size and pollen viability. Pollen grains were stained with 2% acetic orcein, 2% acetic carmine, or Alexander’s reactive stain. Per population, 1600 grains of pollen were observed for viability, and 50 grains of pollen were measured. There were significant differences between populations in stomatal height and pollen grain height and width. The populations also differed in pollen viability, with the Santa Maria population showing the lowest viability. The differences in stomatal and pollen grain size suggest genetic variability in the evaluated populations. Moreover, low pollen viability in one population indicates that its decline may be related to low fertility. Keywords: Grass. Ploidy. Fertility. Threatened species.

scholarly journals In vitro germination and viability of pea pollen grains after application of organic nano-fertilizers

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Georgieva ◽  
Ivelina Nikolova ◽  
Valentin Kosev ◽  
Yordanka Naydenova
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Pollen Tube Elongation

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of two organic nanofertilizers, Lithovit and Nagro, on in vitro germination, pollen tube elongation and pollen grain viability of Pisum sativum L cv. Pleven 4. The effect of their application was high and exceeded data for the untreated control (44.2 and 47.23 % regarding pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, respectively), as well as the effect of the control organic algal fertilizer Biofa (17.5 and 27.9 %, respectively). Pollen grains were inoculated in four culture media. A medium containing 15% sucrose and 1% agar had the most stimulating impact on pea pollen grains. Pollen viability, evaluated by staining with 1% carmine, was within limits of 74.72-87.97%. The highest viability of pollen grains was demonstrated after the application of Nagro organic nano-fertlizer.

scholarly journals Quantitative methods in microscopy to assess pollen viability in different plant taxa

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 205-219
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Ascari ◽  
Cristina Novara ◽  
Virginia Dusio ◽  
Ludovica Oddi ◽  
Consolata Siniscalco
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sterile Pollen

AbstractHigh-quality pollen is a prerequisite for plant reproductive success. Pollen viability and sterility can be routinely assessed using common stains and manual microscope examination, but with low overall statistical power. Current automated methods are primarily directed towards the analysis of pollen sterility, and high throughput solutions for both pollen viability and sterility evaluation are needed that will be consistent with emerging biotechnological strategies for crop improvement. Our goal is to refine established labelling procedures for pollen, based on the combination of fluorescein (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI), and to develop automated solutions for accurately assessing pollen grain images and classifying them for quality. We used open-source software programs (CellProfiler, CellProfiler Analyst, Fiji and R) for analysis of images collected from 10 pollen taxa labelled using FDA/PI. After correcting for image background noise, pollen grain images were examined for quality employing thresholding and segmentation. Supervised and unsupervised classification of per-object features was employed for the identification of viable, dead and sterile pollen. The combination of FDA and PI dyes was able to differentiate between viable, dead and sterile pollen in all the analysed taxa. Automated image analysis and classification significantly increased the statistical power of the pollen viability assay, identifying more than 75,000 pollen grains with high accuracy (R2 = 0.99) when compared to classical manual counting. Overall, we provide a comprehensive set of methodologies as baseline for the automated assessment of pollen viability using fluorescence microscopy, which can be combined with manual and mechanized imaging systems in fundamental and applied research on plant biology. We also supply the complete set of pollen images (the FDA/PI pollen dataset) to the scientific community for future research.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Pollen Quality and Self-Fertility in Selected Cultivars of Asian and European Pears

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika BIENIASZ ◽  
Tomas NECAS ◽  
Ewa DZIEDZIC ◽  
Ivo ONDRASEK ◽  
Bożena PAWŁOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Asian Pear ◽  
Pollen Donor ◽  
Pear Orchard ◽  
Cultivation History

Asian pears have become increasingly popular in the European market, but their cultivation history in Europe is rather short. Pear is a demanding species in terms of pollen – donor cultivar. The self-fertility phenomenon in Asian pear cultivars is not currently known. The study was conducted in a 6-year pear orchard (of 23 Asian and 5 European cultivars) at the Mendel University in Lednice (Czech Republic). The following traits were assessed: number of pollen grains, pollen viability, pollen grain germination, self-fertility and the pollen germination index (PGI). European cultivar – ‘Clapp’s Favourite’ and Asian cultivars – ‘Zao Su Li’, and ‘Shinko’ were characterized by the highest number of pollen grains (over 50,000 grains). Asian cultivar ‘Dangshansu Li’ had the lowest number of pollen grains (less than 10,000 grains). The pollen viability of Asian pears ranged between 90 and 100%. Among European pears, ‘Williams Bon Chrétien’ and ‘Clapp’s Favourite’ exhibited the highest pollen viability (90%), while the lowest viability was observed for the pollen of cultivars ‘Beurré Bosc’ and ‘Alexander Lucas’ pear (60-70%). Additionally, it was found that the germination capacity of the latter two cultivars was very weak (40-70%). After open– pollination all investigated cultivars exhibited greater pollen germination index (PGI) comparing to self-pollination. After the cross-pollination the percentage of pollen tubes below the 20% value at half the length of the pistil suggested a strong incompatibility between the crossed cultivars. The results clearly showed that none of the Asian cultivars are self-fertile, and they require a pollen – donor to produce fruits.

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