scholarly journals Callus Age and Size of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Improves Regeneration Efficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozidul HAQUE ◽  
SM Shahinul ISLAM
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Regeneration Medium ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Regeneration Efficiency ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Callus Size

In order to improve regeneration efficiency embryos derived from immature seeds of BARI barley-6 were taken for this study. In this case callus size, age and its fresh weight were considered. Embryos sizes were classified into four groups: 0.6-1.0 mm (A), 1.1-1.5 mm (B), 1.6-2.0 mm (C) and 2.1-2.5 mm (D), and cultured to semi-solid MS medium for callus induction. Five weeks old calli were transferred to MS medium that contained 1.0 mg/l BAP + 150 mg/l L-glutamine, for regeneration. Results indicated that 1.6-2.0 mm size of embryos produced the highest callusing (56.72%) and green plantlets (42.16%), while small sized (0.6-1.0 mm) showed very poor (2.75%) callusing and no regeneration occurred. Calli were divided into three age groups e.g. early (1-3 weeks), medium (4-6 weeks) and prolonged age (7-12 weeks) and cultured to regeneration medium. To observe the effect of calli weight on regeneration, they were grouped into four categories: I (50-100 mg), II (101-150 mg), III (151-200 mg) and IV (>201 mg). The highest regeneration and rooting were recorded when the age of callus was 4-6 weeks and its weight range was 151–200 mg (III). The lowest regeneration and rooting were found when 1-3 weeks old calli were used and its average weight was 50-100 mg (I).

Mutagen treatment affects the regeneration efficiency of the shoot-tip explant in Celosia cristate L. (Cockscomb)

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh S. Badere ◽  
Pallavi K. Rinkey
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Induction ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Multiple Shoot Induction ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Regeneration Efficiency

The shoot-tip explant harvested from ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and gamma ray (GR) mutagenized seedling was cultured over MS medium fortified with NAA and BAP for five generations to amplify the mutated sector. Mutagens reduced the regeneration efficiency of the explant and affected its plant growth regulator-dependence for multiple shoot induction. While the 12d-old shoot-tip from GR-treated seedling induced shoots with 0.5µM NAA+6.6µM BAP; that from EMS-treated seedling induced shoots with 8.8µM BAP. The present study establishes that the mutagens affect the regeneration process in the explant.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF AUXIN ON IN VITRO SECONDARY METABOLITES PRODUCTION FROM BALANITES AEGYPTIACA CALLUS CULTURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa A.A. Abdel- Kareem ◽  
H.A. El- Shamy ◽  
A.K. Dawh ◽  
S.G. Gwiefel
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Metabolites Production

The present work was conducted in order to investigate the effect of auxin type (2,4-D and NAA) and concentration (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mg/l) on Balanites aegyptiaca callus cultures growth and production of secondary metabolites. Obtained results demonstrated that supplementation MS medium with 2,4-D at 2.0 mg/l could enhanced and recorded the ultimate values of callus fresh weight, antioxidant activity (%), total flavonoids, total phenolic compounds and total saponins contents and yields of Balanites aegyptiaca L. callus.

scholarly journals Effect of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) on callus induction and survival rate on mature embryos of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Sattar A. Shlahi ◽  
Zahra N. Hashim Al- Hattab
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Survival Percentage

This research was conducted to study the effect of the chemical mutagen N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on the percentage of callus induction and survival from mature beans embryos harvester cultivar. Seeds were treated with (0.2 or 0.4) millimolar of the mutagen NTG in combination with 0.0, 4 or 8% of ethanol, pH 5 ±2 0. for 24 h. Calli were induced on mature embryos by using MS medium with 0.5 mg/l of Benzyl adenine (BA), 1 mg/l Indole acetic acid (IAA) and 100 mg/l from each of Casein hydrolysate, Glycine, Asparagine, Tyrosine, and Myo-Inositol. Results showed that the hypocotyl surpassed the radical and the plume significantly in terms of survival reached 56.3%. Mutagen treatments showed asignificant effect on calli survival. Treatment with 8% Ethanol was lethal for all explants. While treatment with 0.4 mM NTG without Ethanol gaved the highest survival rate. The interaction between the treatments and the explants showed that the lowest survival percentage was which 8.8% that was for shoots treated with 0.2 mM of 4% Ethanol. Calli induced on hypocotyls treated with 0.4 mM NTG without Ethanol gave the highest fresh weight (347.2) mg while the lowest was (60) mg for calli induced on the radical treated with 0.4 mM NTG with 4% Ethanol. Moreover the highest dry weight was 22.5 mg for calli induced from hypocotyls treated with 0.4 millimolar NTG without Ethanol that was higher than the control 17.2 mg.The lowest dry weight obtained from calli induced on the radical treated with 0.4 mM NTG with 4% Ethanol was 3 mg. In conclusion the results showed that 0.4 mM NTG without Ethanol gave the highest survival rate and the highest fresh and dry weight for calli induced on the hypocotyl.

scholarly journals Aktywność cytokininowa sześciu odmian Hordeum vulgare L. [Cytokinin activity of six cultivars of Hordeum vulgare L.]

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Politycka ◽  
A. Stroiński ◽  
Z. Krzywański ◽  
M. W. Borys
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Cytokinin Activity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Polar Derivatives ◽  
Made In

Cytokinin activity was determined in roots, crowns, ears of six varieties of the barley in the tobacco Wisconsin 38 callus tissue test. Analysis was made in early stage of ears. The order increasing values of the total cytokinin activity (the total activity of compounds fitting their mobility with zeatin, zeatin ribosid and their more polar derivatives) were for most part of varieties: younger roots < older roots < crowns < ears. Dependences between the cytokinin activity and fresh weight of analysed material were not found.

Use of Incorporated and Non-incorporated Granular Trifluralin for Annual Grass Control in Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Wheat (Triticum aestivum), and Canola (Brassica napus)

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
West Central ◽  
Green Foxtail

The comparison of incorporation vs no incorporation on a mid-October application of the granular formulation of trifluralin to control infestations of wild oat and green foxtail was evaluated in spring barley, wheat, and canola in west central Saskatchewan over a 3 yr period. Incorporation treatments consisted of: no incorporation, one incorporation in fall, one incorporation in fall and a second in spring, one incorporation in fall and two additional incorporations in spring. All treatments eliminated green foxtail. In all three crops wild oat panicle counts were equivalent from incorporated and non-incorporated trifluralin. Wild oat fresh weights in crops grown on stubble were similar for incorporated and non-incorporated trifluralin. In fallow crops, wild oat fresh weight reductions were greater in three of nine site years with incorporation. There was little difference in crop yields from incorporated and non-incorporated trifluralin.

scholarly journals In vitro growth and development of Dendrobium hybrid orchid

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Khatun ◽  
MM Khatun ◽  
MS Biswas ◽  
MR Kabir ◽  
M Al-Amin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Single Shoot ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets

The experiment was conducted to investigate the combined effect of different plant growth regulators and charcoal supplementation in MS medium on growth and development of plantlets regenerated from protocorm like bodies (PLBs) of hybrid orchid. The combination of BAP + NAA, BAP + IAA, BAP + IBA, and IAA + IBA at different concentrations with charcoal supplementation was studied. The result revealed that the use of different growth regulators had significant effect on different parameters studied. The maximum weight of PLBs (5.123 g) was obtained from the combination of BAP + IBA at 1.0 mg/l each. The highest shoot height (3.239 cm) and maximum number of rooted plantlets (4.473) was obtained from 1.0 mg/l each of BAP + NAA combination. The maximum number of leaves (3.490) and the maximum length of leaves (1.946 cm) were obtained from 1.0 mg/l each of BAP + IBA and the highest leaf width (1.166 cm) was obtained from 0.5 mg/l BAP +1.0 mg/l IBA combination. The highest root length was obtained from 0.5 mg/l each of BAP + IAA and the maximum number of regenerated plantlets (20) was obtained from 0.5 mg/l IAA + 1.0 mg/l IBA combination. However, the maximum fresh weight of single shoot (0.219 g) and the maximum number of roots per plantlet (6.300) was obtained from 1.0 mg/I each of IAA + IBA combination. Keywords: Dedrobium; orchid; hybrid; In vitro growth. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i3.6457Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(3) : 507-514

Genetic transformation of Stella De Oro daylily by particle bombardment

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Aziz ◽  
R. J. Sauvé ◽  
S. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Southern Blotting ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Independent Transformation

Daylily (Hemerocallis sp. ‘Stella de Oro’) callus cultures initiated from ovules were bombarded with gold particles coated with plasmid harboring Basta® resistance gene. Resulting putative transgenic calli were selected after 3 wk on semi-solid Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) basal medium supplemented with 10 mg L-1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, 2 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine and 3 mg L-1 phosphinothricin (PPT). Surviving calli regenerated shoots after 2 mo on semi-solid MS medium supplemented with 2 mg L-1 thiadiazuron and 1 mg L-1 PPT. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting were used to confirm independent transformation events. Key words: Basta® resistance, in vitro, Hemerocallis

scholarly journals Improved micropropagation and foliar micromorphological studies in Turnera ulmifolia L. – An important medicinal plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mani Manokari ◽  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Turnera Ulmifolia ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Abstract The present study reports an efficient in vitro propagation system for Turnera ulmifolia using nodal segments as explants. Turnera ulmifolia (Passifloraceae) is an important garden plant with multipotent medicinal values. Effective shoot proliferation was achieved on agar gelled MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962). The maximum number of shoots (8.3 ± 0.57) per initial explant was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 8.88 mM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.54 mM of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The highest number of shoots (59.5 ± 2.10) proliferated on semi-solid MS medium (with agar) augmented with 2.22 mM of BAP and 2.32 mM of kinetin (Kin) along with 0.54 mM of NAA. Longer (4-5 cm) and healthy shoots were rooted (12.0 ± 0.10 roots per shoot) on half-strength MS medium fortified with 9.84 mM of indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). The in vitro regenerated plantlets were hardened in the greenhouse and transferred to the field. Significant developmental changes were observed in the foliar micromorphology of in vitro raised plantlets when these were transferred to the field. The stomatal index was gradually reduced (26.72 to 21.25) in the leaves from in vitro to field environments. But, vein-islets and veinlet terminations (13.4 and 7.6) were increased (39.7 and 18.4) respectively from in vitro to in vivo grown plants. Simple, unicellular, less frequent and underdeveloped trichomes were observed with the leaves of in vitro plants but fully developed trichomes recorded in the field transferred plants. The study could help in understanding the response and adaptation of tissue culture raised plantlets towards changed environmental conditions.

The weight of the thyroid and pituitary glands and its relationship with rate of gain in beef steers

1962 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Luitingh
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Pituitary Glands

The daily live-weight gain of beef steers was not correlated with the weight of the pituitary gland. In the case of the thyroid gland a significant correlation was found between the absolute weight of the gland and the rate of gain. No correlation, however, was found between the relative weight of the thyroid gland and the rate of gain of the steers.A highly significant correlation was found between the weight of both the pituitary and thyroid glands and the live weight of the steers (r = 0·44 and r = 0·55 respectively), and the slope of the regression lines showed that the weight of the pituitary gland varied with the power of 0·34 of live weight (0·34% increase in the weight of the pituitary for every 1% increase in live weight) whilst the weight of the thyroid gland varied with the power of 0·89 of the live weight.No correlation was found between the weight of the pituitary and thyroid glands. The average weight of the pituitary was 1·89, 2·11 and 2·19 g. and the average weight of the thyroid was 16·81, 20·24 and 22·65 g. for steers of 14, 26 and 38 months respectively. The average live weights of the steers in the age groups concerned were 791, 893 and 1071 lb. respectively.

scholarly journals High-Efficiency Organogenesis and Evaluation of the Regenerated Plants by Flow Cytometry of a Broad Range of Saccharum Spp. Hybrids (Sugarcane)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Nogueira ◽  
Zanderluce Luis ◽  
Leila Salles ◽  
Moacir Pasqual ◽  
Jonny Scherwinski-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Indirect Organogenesis ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Semi Solid

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the organogenic potential of Brazilian sugarcane varieties, in addition to verifying the in vitro multiplication rate and genetic stability by flow cytometry over monthly and consecutive subcultures. Thus, stem apices of twenty-two varieties were collected in the field and taken to the laboratory where external layers of leaves were removed. After disinfection, the achlorophyllous portion was sectioned and placed on MS medium with 5.0 mg L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg L-1 KIN. For multiplication rate assessments, ten varieties were selected and inoculated in of liquid or semi-solid MS medium with 0.10 mg L-1 KIN and 0.20 mg L-1 BAP, and subcultured every 30 days for a period up to 8 months. Genetic stability was verified by flow cytometry every two subcultures. At the end of the experiment, sprouts were rooted and acclimatized in a greenhouse. Regeneration occurred both by direct and indirect organogenesis, and the sugarcane varieties differed significantly in their regeneration capacity and number of adventitious shoots formed. For multiplication, a significant interaction was observed between variety, consistency of the culture medium and number of subcultures. In general, in the first subcultures, the liquid medium gave similar or better results compared with semi-solid medium; however, from the fourth transplanting onward, the semi-solid medium was superior. Morphological variations were verified from the fourth subculture. In addition, in some varieties, small changes in the relative DNA content were detected by flow cytometry. Sprouts of normal-looking sugarcane were successfully rooted and acclimatized after the eighth subculture.

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