scholarly journals Dynamic Analysis of the Evolution of Cereus peruvianus (Cactaceae) Areas Attacked by Phoma sp.

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Gyorgy FESZT ◽  
Lucica MIHALTE ◽  
Radu SESTRAS
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
A Value ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
High Level

Cereus Peruvianus (night blooming Cereus, or peruvian apple) is one of the sensitive species to Phoma attack. Photographic images can intercept a certain phytopathology, at a certain moment. The computerized analysis of such an image turns into a value the spread which the phytopathological process has at that moment. The purpose of this study is to assimilate the technique of achieving successions of digital photos of Cereus peruvianus f. monstruosa attacked by Phoma sp. Parallely with recording the images, with the help of Rhythm digital temperature humidity controller, were recorded data about the green house microclimate (air humidity-minimum and maximum, temperature-minimum and maximum). In the first stage of the study, the attack presents small fluctuations, reaching a high level in days with low temperatures. So, the most significant growths were recorded in the periods: 10. 02. 2005-20. 02. 2005 with an affected area of 10.97-8.82 = 2.15 and 11. 03. 2005-22. 04. 2005 with growth differences of 14.67-13.32 = 1.35. Generally, the affected areas grow in days with low minimum temperatures. The great advantage of this technique is represented by the possibility of using in situ in home areas of species or crop plants in fields. Repeated images, achieved in time, then overlapped, can provide important data on the evolution of affected areas.

scholarly journals Wheat, Rye, and Barley Genomes Can Associate during Meiosis in Newly Synthesized Trigeneric Hybrids

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
María-Dolores Rey ◽  
Carmen Ramírez ◽  
Azahara C. Martín
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Genomic Constitution ◽  
Chromosome Associations ◽  
High Level

Polyploidization, or whole genome duplication (WGD), has an important role in evolution and speciation. One of the biggest challenges faced by a new polyploid is meiosis, in particular, discriminating between multiple related chromosomes so that only homologs recombine to ensure regular chromosome segregation and fertility. Here, we report the production of two new hybrids formed by the genomes of species from three different genera: a hybrid between Aegilops tauschii (DD), Hordeum chilense (HchHch), and Secale cereale (RR) with the haploid genomic constitution HchDR (n = 7× = 21); and a hybrid between Triticum turgidum spp. durum (AABB), H. chilense, and S. cereale with the constitution ABHchR (n = 7× = 28). We used genomic in situ hybridization and immunolocalization of key meiotic proteins to establish the chromosome composition of the new hybrids and to study their meiotic behavior. Interestingly, there were multiple chromosome associations at metaphase I in both hybrids. A high level of crossover (CO) formation was observed in HchDR, which shows the possibility of meiotic recombination between the different genomes. We succeeded in the duplication of the ABHchR genome, and several amphiploids, AABBHchHchRR, were obtained and characterized. These results indicate that recombination between the genera of three economically important crops is possible.

Some observations on rock weathering, Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Waits
Keyword(s):  
Salt Crystallization ◽  
Rock Weathering ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Significant Modification ◽  
Bedrock Weathering ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Selective Preservation ◽  
Mechanical Weathering ◽  
High Level

A variety of bedrock weathering features—both modern and remnant—including surface grus, polygonal cracks, siliceous glaze, tors, weathering pits, and tafoni typify upland outcrops on the Cumberland Peninsula. Tor ridges are particularly prevalent and at lower elevations they show significant modification and streamlining by flowing ice. On summit areas at elevations above 750 m, however, remnant corestones are preserved in situ, suggesting selective preservation of upland surfaces. Bedrock structure and composition, topographic position, and intensity of process strongly influence tor development. Weathering pits are common on high level, open summit surfaces where weathering occurs in response to both climate and continued removal of derived debris. Pit enlargement through lateral undercutting has been favoured by accumulation of protective bottom residua, mechanical weathering, and the presence of exfoliation crusts. It is postulated that salt crystallization plays a role in outcrop microweathering under present upland arctic conditions.

scholarly journals The fate of Si and Fe while nuclear glass alters with steel and clay

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Carriere ◽  
P. Dillmann ◽  
S. Gin ◽  
D. Neff ◽  
L. Gentaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Glass Dissolution ◽  
A Value ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Controlling Mechanism ◽  
Geological Repository ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Initial Dissolution Rate

AbstractThe French concept developed to dispose high-level radioactive waste in geological repository relies on glassy waste forms, isolated from the claystone host rock by steel containers. Understanding interactions between glass and surrounding materials is key for assessing the performance of a such system. Here, isotopically tagged SON68 glass, steel and claystone were studied through an integrated mockup conducted at 50 °C for 2.5 years. Post-mortem analyses were performed from nanometric to millimetric scales using TEM, STXM, ToF-SIMS and SEM techniques. The glass alteration layer consisted of a crystallized Fe-rich smectite mineral, close to nontronite, supporting a dissolution/reprecipitation controlling mechanism for glass alteration. The mean glass dissolution rate ranged between 1.6 × 10−2 g m−2 d−1 to 3.0 × 10−2 g m−2 d−1, a value only 3–5 times lower than the initial dissolution rate. Thermodynamic calculations highlighted a competition between nontronite and protective gel, explaining why in the present conditions the formation of a protective layer is prevented.

scholarly journals Order and stochasticity in the folding of individual Drosophila genomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Ulianov ◽  
Vlada V. Zakharova ◽  
Aleksandra A. Galitsyna ◽  
Pavel I. Kos ◽  
Kirill E. Polovnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Walk ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
3D Genome ◽  
Topologically Associating Domains ◽  
Chromatin Folding ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Single Nucleus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cell To Cell Variability

AbstractMammalian and Drosophila genomes are partitioned into topologically associating domains (TADs). Although this partitioning has been reported to be functionally relevant, it is unclear whether TADs represent true physical units located at the same genomic positions in each cell nucleus or emerge as an average of numerous alternative chromatin folding patterns in a cell population. Here, we use a single-nucleus Hi-C technique to construct high-resolution Hi-C maps in individual Drosophila genomes. These maps demonstrate chromatin compartmentalization at the megabase scale and partitioning of the genome into non-hierarchical TADs at the scale of 100 kb, which closely resembles the TAD profile in the bulk in situ Hi-C data. Over 40% of TAD boundaries are conserved between individual nuclei and possess a high level of active epigenetic marks. Polymer simulations demonstrate that chromatin folding is best described by the random walk model within TADs and is most suitably approximated by a crumpled globule build of Gaussian blobs at longer distances. We observe prominent cell-to-cell variability in the long-range contacts between either active genome loci or between Polycomb-bound regions, suggesting an important contribution of stochastic processes to the formation of the Drosophila 3D genome.

Relationship between the membrane potential of the contractile vacuole complex and its osmoregulatory activity inParamecium multimicronucleatum

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (20) ◽  
pp. 3261-3270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi K. Grønlien ◽  
Christian Stock ◽  
Marilynn S. Aihara ◽  
Richard D. Allen ◽  
Yutaka Naitoh
Keyword(s):  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contractile Vacuole ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Atpase Inhibitor ◽  
Filling Phase ◽  
High Level

SUMMARYThe electric potential of the contractile vacuole (CV) of Paramecium multimicronucleatum was measured in situ using microelectrodes,one placed in the CV and the other (reference electrode) in the cytosol of a living cell. The CV potential in a mechanically compressed cell increased in a stepwise manner to a maximal value (approximately 80 mV) early in the fluid-filling phase. This stepwise change was caused by the consecutive reattachment to the CV of the radial arms, where the electrogenic sites are located. The current generated by a single arm was approximately 1.3×10-10 A. When cells adapted to a hypotonic solution were exposed to a hypertonic solution, the rate of fluid segregation, RCVC, in the contractile vacuole complex (CVC) diminished at the same time as immunological labelling for V-ATPase disappeared from the radial arms. When the cells were re-exposed to the previous hypotonic solution, the CV potential, which had presumably dropped to near zero after the cell's exposure to the hypertonic solution, gradually returned to its maximum level. This increase in the CV potential occurred in parallel with the recovery of immunological labelling for V-ATPase in the radial arm and the resumption of RCVC or fluid segregation. Concanamycin B, a potent V-ATPase inhibitor, brought about significant decreases in both the CV potential and RCVC. We confirm that (i) the electrogenic site of the radial arm is situated in the decorated spongiome, and (ii) the V-ATPase in the decorated spongiome is electrogenic and is necessary for fluid segregation in the CVC. The CV potential remained at a constant high level(approximately 80 mV), whereas RCVC varied between cells depending on the osmolarity of the adaptation solution. Moreover, the CV potential did not change even though RCVC increased when cells adapted to one osmolarity were exposed to a lower osmolarity, implying that RCVC is not directly correlated with the number of functional V-ATPase complexes present in the CVC.

A Value Focused Thinking Approach to Decommissioning Decision Making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Tung
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Stakeholder Values ◽  
A Value ◽  
Value Focused Thinking ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Stakeholder Acceptance

Abstract Values are what stakeholders regard to be important to decisions (Kruglanski & Higgins 2007). How stakeholder prioritize, rank, balance, and trade-off values can have significant influence on their reasoning and evaluation of decommissioning outcomes and decisions. Stakeholder values can vary depending on various factors including religious beliefs, personal interests, and past experiences (Lechner et al., 2017). Value-focused thinking is a decision science theory developed by Keeney (1992) which builds upon the concept of varying stakeholder values. Keeney (1992) argues that the best decision is one that best reflects the actual values of stakeholders. which suggests that the acceptability of decommissioning decisions (full removal, partial removal, leave in-situ, rigs-to-reefs, etc.) by stakeholders will vary depending on the values of stakeholder in that particular context. This paper explores the idea of value-focused thinking and derive implications for decommissioning decision-making. Overall, the research finding suggests that rather than basing a decommissioning decision solely on scientific evidence, there is also a need for the decommissioning decisions to be able to reflect the actual values of stakeholders in that particular context. The criteria and weightage of the adopted multi-criteria decision analysis tool, for example, should accurately represent the actual values of stakeholders, so as to enable the tool to produce outcomes and decisions that has a higher probability of stakeholder acceptance.

Effect of operating parameters on functional fatigue characteristics of an Ni-Ti shape memory alloy on partial thermomechanical cycling

2022 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110722
Author(s):  
Swaminathan Ganesan ◽  
Sampath Vedamanickam
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Applied Stress ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Crack Nucleation ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Thermomechanical Cycling ◽  
Permanent Strain ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Cycle Temperature

In this study, the influence of upper cycle temperature (maximum temperature in a cycle) and the magnitude of applied stress on the functional properties of an SMA during partial thermomechanical cycling has been studied. A near-equiatomic NiTi SMA was chosen and tested under different upper cycle temperatures (between martensite finish (Mf) and austenite finish (Af) temperatures) and stress level (below and above the yield strength of the martensite). The upper cycle temperature was varied by controlling the magnitude of the current supply. The results show that a raise in the upper cycle temperature causes the permanent strain to increase and also lowers the stability. However, decreasing the stress imposed to a value lower than the yield strength of the martensite improves cyclic stability. The upper cycle temperature was found to influence the crack nucleation, whereas the applied stress level the crack propagation during partial thermomechanical cycling of SMAs. Therefore, decreasing the upper cycle temperature as well as the magnitude of stress applied to lower than the yield stress of martensite have been found to be suitable strategies for increasing the lifespan of SMA-based actuators during partial thermomechanical cycling.

Advances in reconstructive options of nerve injuries in the hand

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (45) ◽  
pp. 1767-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilmos Bíró
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Important Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reconstructive Operations ◽  
Detailed List ◽  
High Level ◽  
Reconstructive Techniques

The author summarizes the most important data about the development of reconstructive techniques of nerve injuries in the hand based on literature references and the author’s own experience in the past decades. A new bulk of knowledge turned into a common property related to the micro- and macroanatomic structure of peripheral nerves, the process of nerve regeneration, and the technical conditions of nerve reconstructive operations. This knowledge is a prerequisite for hand surgeons to perform their nerve reconstructive operations on a contemporary high level with an optimal result. After a critical review of literature data, the author reports his own experience and sketches the coming possible roads. A detailed list of references is also provided for those who are interested in the field. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1767–1778.

scholarly journals Human neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes display different levels of c-fos proto-oncogene expression: an in situ hybridization study.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 837-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kreipe ◽  
H J Radzun ◽  
K Heidorn ◽  
C Mäder ◽  
M R Parwaresch
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Neutrophilic Granulocytes ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
In Vitro Differentiation ◽  
Monocytic Differentiation ◽  
Eosinophilic Granulocytes ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
High Level

The cellular homologue of the retroviral oncogene v-fos has been shown to be involved in cell differentiation of hematopoietic cells. By use of the human promyelocyte cell line HL-60, several in vitro differentiation studies suggested a selective activation of c-fos during monocytic differentiation of myeloid precursor cells. In contrast to these observations, we found high levels of c-fos mRNA in purified normal human granulocytes, whereas c-fos was only faintly expressed in blood monocytes. In situ hybridization revealed that the high level of c-fos expression is restricted to neutrophilic granulocytes, whereas c-fos transcription is not detectable in eosinophilic granulocytes. These results indicate that in vitro differentiation systems can be misleading and may not reflect the in vivo situation. The high level of c-fos expression in neutrophilic granulocytes may be caused by superinduction due to the reduced capacity for protein synthesis in these cells.

scholarly journals Choice of Microbial System for In-Situ Resource Utilization on Mars

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Jonathan Helmuth Averesch
Keyword(s):  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Target Compound ◽  
Microbial Cell Factories ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Subsequent Conversion ◽  
Microbial System ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
High Level ◽  
Microbial Systems

Various microbial systems have been explored for their applicability to in-situ resource utilisation (ISRU) on Mars and suitability to leverage Martian resources and convert them into useful chemical products. Considering only fully bio-based solutions, two approaches can be distinguished, which comes down to the form of carbon that is being utilized: (a) the deployment of specialised species that can directly convert inorganic carbon (atmospheric CO2) into a target compound or (b) a two-step process that relies on independent fixation of carbon and the subsequent conversion of biomass and/or complex substrates into a target compound. Due to the great variety of microbial metabolism, especially in conjunction with chemical support-processes, a definite classification is often difficult. This can be expanded to the forms of nitrogen and energy that are available as input for a biomanufacturing platform. To provide a perspective on microbial cell factories that may be suitable for Space Systems Bioengineering, a high-level comparison of different approaches is conducted, specifically regarding advantages that may help to extend an early human foothold on the red planet.

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