scholarly journals Ability of Non-Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Strain Fo47 to Suppress Rhizomania Disease of Sugar Beets in Morocco

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima NOUAYTI ◽  
Ilham MADANI ◽  
Abdessalem TAHIRI ◽  
Abdelali BLENZAR ◽  
Rachid LAHLALI
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Polymyxa Betae ◽  
Term Survival

Rhizomania is one of the most devastating diseases of sugar beet worldwide. The disease poses a serious threat to Moroccan production and it is capable of significantly decreasing quality and yield of sugar beet plantations. The long-term survival of its fungal vector (Polymyxa betae) in soil makes it a very difficult disease to manage. Therefore, this study investigated the potential of a non-pathogenic fungal Fusarium oxysporum strain Fo47 to control Polymyxa betae. This biocontrol agent was applied as soil treatment, seed treatment, or a combination of the both treatments. A bio-test was performed on treated soil. After four weeks of culture, the roots of sugar beet seedlings were retrieved and analyzed by the DAS-ELISA test. Results indicated that F. oxysporium Fo47 reduced the activity and survival of P. betae when compared to a reference biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum, which only revealed significant in reducing the viral load of Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus (BNYVV) as seed treatment. The non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Fo47 was more effective as soil treatment and allowed almost the same reduction of BNYVV virus concentration as T. harzianum 908. Therefore, our findings emphasizes that the performance of the biocontrol agent depends on the method of application.

Agricultural cultivated crops weed infestation depending on different techniques and systems of fall tillage in the Central Chernozem Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Маслов ◽  
Vitaliy Maslov ◽  
Коржов ◽  
Sergey Korzhov ◽  
Трофимова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Central Chernozem Region ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Central Chernozem

Under conditions of the Central Chernozem Region in the period from 1990 till 2012 long-term and short-term experiments were carried out in order to study the effect of different systems and methods of main soil treatment on weed infestation of plantings and yield of field crops. Soil and plant samples analyses were performed by customary methods. It has been defined that improved fall-ploughing and supplementary fall-ploughing at a depth of 6-8 cm allow reducing the quantity of weed vegetation in sugar beet plantings by 22 % and 33.3 % respectively compared to conventional (two-phase) fall-ploughing.

scholarly journals Biological control of Polymyxa betae, fungal vector of rhizomania disease of sugar beets in greenhouse conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laleh Naraghi ◽  
Asghar Heydari ◽  
Hassan Askari ◽  
Reza Pourrahim ◽  
Rasoul Marzban
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Polymyxa Betae ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Talaromyces Flavus ◽  
Seedling Roots

Abstract: Rhizomania is one of the most important diseases of sugar beet around the world – including in Iran. The disease causes a severe decrease in sugar yield and is a limiting factor in sugar beet cultivation. Control of the disease is very difficult due to the long-term survival of its fungal vector (Polymyxa betae) in the soil. In this study, we investigated the effects of antagonistic fungal isolates on the population of the resting structure (cystosorus) of P. betae, under greenhouse conditions. Antagonistic fungi, including Trichoderma harzianum and Talaromyces flavus, were isolated from soil samples collected from sugar beet infested fields in the Semnan Province of Iran. In the next step, their inocula were prepared through reproduction on rice bran. For evaluation of the efficacy of antagonists in greenhouse conditions, a split plot trial was conducted and performed. The main factor was three different methods of application of T. flavus as the soil treatment, seed treatment, and a combination of both methods. The sub-factor was the use of different fungal isolates. To determine the cystosorus population of the fungal vector, seedling roots in all treatments were stained with lactic acid and fuchsine (lactofushine), 60 days after sowing. The number of cystosorus in one gram of root was counted using a light microscope and hemocytometer. At the end of the study, average root weight in different treatments was also measured to select and introduce the best treatments in regard to their effects on root weight. According to the results, the number of cystosorus in 1 g of root was different in various treatments and those treatments containing TF-Su-M-1, TF-Su-M-2, TH-Su-M-1, and TH-Su-M-2 used as a soil application method were more effective in the reduction of the cystosorus population and root weight increase. Among the above-mentioned treatments, maximum reduction of cystosori population and the increase in root weight were observed in TH-Su-M-1 and TF-Su-M-2 through the soil application method.

Selection of natural isolates of Trichoderma spp. for biocontrol of Polymyxa betae as a vector of virus causing rhizomania in sugar beet

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Jakubíková ◽  
Valéria Šubíková ◽  
Marek Nemčovič ◽  
Vladimír Farkaš
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Soil Fungus ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Polymyxa Betae ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Root Parasite ◽  
Natural Isolates

AbstractThe soil fungus Polymyxa betae, Keskin, besides being a root parasite, plays a role of a vector in dissemination of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) causing rhizomania in sugar beet. An alternative to its chemical control is the application of antagonistic microorganisms suppressing proliferation of the fungal vector. In the present work, 66 Trichoderma isolates have been obtained from sugar beet plantations from diverse locations in Slovakia. The ability of the selected isolates to grow at low temperature (10 °C) and to suppress the colonization of roots with P. betae and the multiplication of BNYVV in roots under glasshouse conditions were tested. The roots of sugar beet seedlings growing in the BNYVV-infested soil were analyzed by serological ELISA test using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for the presence of BNYVV and checked microscopically for the occurrence of cystosori of P. betae. The efficacy of the selected strains to suppress the proliferation of BNYVV varied on the average between 21 and 68%. On the basis of these tests, candidate strains for practical application in biocontrol of sugar beet rhizomania were selected.

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis, a potential biocontrol agent for the management of coriander wilt

2017 ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
S Aswathi, C Ushamalini
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
House Condition ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Coriander is an important spice crop affected by wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. corianderii. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis for the management of wilt under glass house condition. The results of the trials indicated that, among the various treatments, seed treatment with talc formulation of Bacillus subtilis (10g/kg of seed) along with soil application (2.5 kg/ha) as basal and top dressing at 30 and 45 days after sowing was  effective in reducing the wilt incidence  (14.59%) compared to control (32.68% ).

Caspases and apoptosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy S Salvesen
Keyword(s):  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Intracellular Signalling Pathways ◽  
Adult Cell ◽  
Caspase Family ◽  
Cell Fragments ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The ability of metazoan cells to undergo programmed cell death is vital to both the precise development and long-term survival of the mature adult. Cell deaths that result from engagement of this programme end in apoptosis, the ordered dismantling of the cell that results in its 'silent' demise, in which packaged cell fragments are removed by phagocytosis. This co-ordinated demise is mediated by members of a family of cysteine proteases known as caspases, whose activation follows characteristic apoptotic stimuli, and whose substrates include many proteins, the limited cleavage of which causes the characteristic morphology of apoptosis. In vertebrates, a subset of caspases has evolved to participate in the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus members of the caspase family participate in one of two very distinct intracellular signalling pathways.

Human thymic epithelial cells maintain long-term survival of clonogenic myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells in vitro

2000 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuto Takenaka ◽  
Mine Harada ◽  
Tomoaki Fujisaki ◽  
Koji Nagafuji ◽  
Shinichi Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Thymic Epithelial Cells ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor Cells

Clinical outcome and long-term survival following radical esophagectomy in the elderly

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A747-A748
Author(s):  
S DRESNER ◽  
A IMMMANUEL ◽  
P LAMB ◽  
S GRIFFIN
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Radical Esophagectomy ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival
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